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| The Formation Path of Technology Bottlenecks and the Strategy Selection: A Case Study of the Chip Industry |
| Han Zhen1,Zhao Yuheng1,Zhao Li2,Yan Lanqing1 |
| (1.School of Maritime Economics and Management, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China;2.School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China) |
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Abstract With the rising protectionism and anti-globalization sentiment in the world, the economies of China and the United States have changed from a positive-sum game to a zero-sum game. The US has implemented technological containment on multiple Chinese companies in core areas such as chips, high-end materials, equipment, systems, and specialized software, leading to a serious shortage on the supply side and a strong dependence on exogenous chips on the demand side in China. In order to ensure China's economic development and national security, it is essential to reveal the formation mechanism and solution path of technology bottlenecks and make breakthroughs in bottleneck problems.#br#Aiming at the current technology bottlenecks in China, this paper carries out field interviews, surveys and desk data analysis, and summarizes the core categories based on grounded theory; then, according to the strategic management research framework, it clarifies the internal correlation between the core categories through the case study of chip manufacturing technology and constructs the problem formation mechanism and solution path.#br#First, both investigation and desk data analysis are taken into account to diversify data acquisition channels and meet the dynamic and temporal requirements of subsequent research. Second, grounded theory is used to carry out multi-level coding of data and refine some core concepts that reflect the cause of the problem. Meanwhile, to systematically reveal the interrelationships and mechanisms of core concepts, this study takes the technologically backward parties as the research subjects, introduces a strategic management analysis framework, and constructs an analysis framework based on target positioning, environmental analysis, result evaluation strategy selection to reveal the formation mechanism and seek a solution path. On this basis, a case study is conducted on the technological containment process in the chip industry.#br#The research shows that five core categories can be extracted around the bottleneck problem, technical feature position reflects the marketing attributes of key core technologies, which is the premise of the formation of the problem. The situation of technology competition reflects the current situation and degree of disadvantage of such technologies; the technical blockade barrier reflects the way and threat degree of technological containment, which are the internal and external causes of the problem. Safety and controllability reflect the hidden dangers and impacts of the above factors. The selection of a technical cracking mode requires comprehensive consideration of the influence degree and path difference of each element and a targeted strategy.#br#Besides, the technological blockade process adopted by the United States can be divided into four stages. The first trade friction stage is marked by increasing tariffs, which have hindered domestic enterprise exports. The second partial control stage, represented by the ZTE incident, destroyed the existing global supply chain and industrial division of labor directly. Third, in the comprehensive lockdown stage, the "Chips and Science Act" was introduced to comprehensively block Chinese products, enterprises and universities. In the final control stage, specific advanced computing integrated circuits and semiconductors were precisely controlled through the modification of regulations.#br#The following conclusions are drawn. First, combined with the characteristics of the technology bottlenecks, the relevant technologies play a decisive role in industrial development. Thus, it is essential to strengthen the intensity of basic research through top-level design and boost the enthusiasm of different research and development entities to carry out breakthrough research by utilizing large central enterprises, research institutes, and other institutions. Through specialized, refined, and innovative enterprises, the deficiencies of the industry chain can be remedied to assist chip enterprises. Second, it is necessary to consider the internal and external factors of the talent shortage. The shortage of domestic chip talents directly affects the technological competitiveness of enterprises, while the external driving force of talent blockade exacerbates this performance. This study clearly reveals the path differences that arise from the technology bottleneck problems, providing a more scientific and credible theoretical basis and support for subsequent path comparison analysis and corresponding strategy formulation.#br#
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Received: 17 April 2023
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