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| Technology Internationalization of Emerging Economies and Technology Spillover of Developed Economies：An Analysis Based on International Patent Data |
| Zhang Yumei1,Wu Xianming2 |
| (1.China Overseas Interest Research Center, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518000, China;2.School of Economics and Management of Wuhan University,Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072,China) |
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Abstract With the rapid development of new generation technologies such as driverless driving, smart city and the Internet of Things, technology has made the world closer. More and more countries have already been involved in international technical cooperation which is gradually universal, resulting in the increasingly prominent internationalization of technical resources. Especially after the outbreak of COVID-19, the task of technical cooperation among countries to achieve digital anti epidemic has become more urgent, and thus international technical cooperation becomes more profound and promotes the vigorous development of technological internationalization. Emerging economies are important participants in technology internationalization activities, and different from traditional trade internationalization activities. Emerging economies prefer to seek strategic assets such as technology in overseas investment markets. It is an important goal of their technology internationalization to obtain technology spillovers from developed economies and achieve innovation catch-up.#br#Inspired by the structure of priority patents which make it possible to study the internationalization of emerging economies, this paper extends the research boundary of the internationalization of emerging economies in international business theory and points to the internationalization of technology. Furthermore, it also has vital practical significance. It adopts patent backward citation as the proxy index of international technology spillovers caused by technology internationalization, and the citation can better explain where knowledge is generated and where knowledge can be further established. Meanwhile, the study on technology internationalization can reveal the geographical center of international technological innovation. This study decomposes the internationalization measurement of emerging economies to the degree of patent cooperation at the technical level,which makes the internationalization research of emerging economies more explicit.#br#Taking China as the representative country of emerging economies, this study defines the technology spillovers generated by developed economies as the flow of technological knowledge from developed economies to China. The standard for sample selection of developed economies is the international emerging market index released by Morgan Stanley Capital, and it includes 22 developed countries, such as Denmark, France,Germany and the United States. The patent backward citation between China and developed economies constitutes the research sample of this paper, and observation interval is from 2008 to 2018.The negative binomial regression model is used for empirical analysis; in this paper, the measurement of explanatory variables also adopts the priority patent inventor's missing value filling algorithm proposed by Rassenfosse in 2013, with good operation accuracy and stability.#br#This paper discusses whether China's technology internationalization level will have an impact on the technology spillovers of developed economies it obtains. Since the international patent data is characterized by "noise" and missing values, scientific "de-noising" is combined with the international patent missing value "filling" algorithm proposed by Rassenfosse to promote empirical analysis. The results show that in the international circumstance of patent big data ,with the gradual implementation of "denoising" and "filling" of patent data, technology internationalization always has a positive impact on technology spillovers in developed economies. The impact of technology internationalization on technology spillovers in developed economies is closer to the real level. When the "purity" of patent data is higher, technical characteristics provide an important environment for observing technology spillovers. Among them, the lag in patent granting, patent originality, patent technology cycle and patent dominant technology advantages all have a positive impact on technology spillovers.#br#There are some breakthroughs in this study in the following aspects.(1) It discusses internationalization at the technical level, which reveals how technical knowledge breaks geographical boundaries,and brings it closer to the internal mechanism of a technology development. (2) This study observes priority patent,it can alleviate the interference of "partial bias" on the research results. Priority patent is an effective tool to prevent patent double counting, and it also provides a new idea for the research of technology internationalization. (3)This paper turns the source of international technology spillovers from trade internationalization to technology internationalization, which makes the forms of international technology spillovers more diversified.#br#
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Received: 15 April 2022
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