|
|
|
| On the Commercialization and Utilization of National Defense Patents in China and the Improvement of the System: An Example of the Idea of "Graded Project Approval" System |
| Ma Zhongfa,Wu Yu |
| (Law School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China) |
|
|
|
|
Abstract The essence of innovation-driven development in the context of market economy is to put science and technology in the first place of the social productivity system, and to seek a better way to release the economic value of scientific and technological innovation. As an important part of the Chinese innovation system, the innovation of national defense science and the commercialization and utilization of national defense patent technology are both the backbone of the development, commercialization and upgrading of national economy. It is also a powerful guarantee of a strong nation in science and technology. But it should be pointed out that there is still much room to improve the effective operation system of the commercialization and utilization of national defense patent system. To improve the utilization level and the commercialization efficiency of national defense, the patent technology has become the key breakthrough direction of national economic development. The goal of this paper is to find a feasible and practical way to solve the problems in the commercialization and utilization of national defense patents.#br#Therefore,this study adopts the classical research method of law. First, it puts forward a new definition of “national defense patents”. Then, it combs through the existing commercialization and utilization system of national defense patent, including two-way closure of R&D system, serious waste of scientific research resources, and high barriers of information access, etc. Aiming at those problems, this study analyzes the causes from the institutional level, including the defects in the legal system, the ownership of property rights and the declassification system. Finally, it further points out the essence of these causes at the legal level, that is, the conflict between "public welfare" and "private rights". Meanwhile it tries to bring forward the improvement path from the actual situation.#br#It is concluded that the core of improving the commercialization and utilization efficiency of national defense patent technology is to express the subject of rights and the ownership of property rights.At the practical level, three different paths from high to low are set up according to the confidentiality requirement of the project, and the implementation of the civil-military integration project can be promoted by the "graded project approval" system to strengthen the commercialization and utilization of national defense patent technology.#br#The innovation of this paper also comes down in line with the basic analysis of the previous paper. First, from the collision of "public welfare" and "private rights", this study condenses the friction and collision between "national defense security interest" and "social economic development", and then uses the method of "weighing of legal interests" to solve the above-mentioned conflict, which embodies the characteristic of stability of law development. Second, by referring to the advanced "graded confidentiality" system in the West, this paper puts forward the idea of "graded project" system which is suitable for China's national conditions. Rather than a general macroscopic framework, this paper puts forward a three-level conception from the highest to the lowest based on the confidentiality requirements of different national defense scientific research projects. The division of different levels can be verified by mature institutional experience outside the territory, and the prototype can be found in China's specific national defense scientific research practice. After the setting of each level is stated, it also demonstrates the rationality of the setting from the perspective of jurisprudence on the basis of the "legal interest weighing" method.#br#Because it is difficult to provide a definite quantitative index on how to distinguish the "subversive innovation" from the "incremental innovation" behind the standard of level I and level III projects in the paper, the study is unable to provide clear guidance for practice. Therefore, more research results are expected to be published in order to promote the conversion rate of national defense patents effectively and serve China's economic construction and social development.#br#
|
|
Received: 15 April 2022
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 马忠法.对知识产权制度设立的目标和专利的本质及其制度使命的再认识——以专利转化率低为视角[J].知识产权,2009,19(6):3-9.
[2] 林建成.国防专利[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005.
[3] 钟灿涛,宗月茹,熊辉,等.论高校国防知识产权管理[J].中国高校科技,2013,27(5):15-17.
[4] 李芳梅,徐琤.论国防知识产权之权利属性[J].西安政治学院学报,2015,28(3):88-91.
[5] R·科斯,A·阿尔钦,D·诺斯.财产权利与制度变迁[M].胡庄君,等,译.北京:人民出版社,1994.
[6] 魏华.军事领域技术转移定价机制研究[D].北京:中央财经大学, 2015.
[7] 张帆,曾力宁,黄朝峰.金融支持国防知识产权成果转化问题及策略研究[J].科技进步与对策,2020,37(9):138-144.
[8] 陆铭,尤建新.地方政府支持科技型中小企业知识产权质押融资研究[J].科技进步与对策,2011,28(16):92-96.
[9] 黄娟娟.我国国防知识产权权属规定和权益分配问题的分析与思考[J].竞争情报,2019,15(1):16-20.
[10] 桂泽宇,薛颖昊,李广威.国防知识产权法规制度的完善:体系构成与体制协同[J].科技和产业,2020,20(10):164-169.
[11] PETER DRAHOS. A philosophy of intellectual property[M].Boston:Dartmouth Publishing Company Limited,1990.
[12] 严剑峰.美军在武器装备采办领域推行军民协同发展的主要做法及启示[J].军民两用技术与产品,2021,34(1):8-15.
[13] 吴汉东.罗马法的“无体物”理论与知识产权制度的学理基础[J].江西社会科学,2005,26(7):33-38.
[14] 吴汉东.知识产权的多元属性及研究范式[J].中国社会科学,2011,32(5):39-45,219.
[15] 雷磊.法律规范的冲突与适用[D].北京:中国政法大学,2007.
[16] 卡尔·拉伦茨.法学方法论[M].杨仁寿,译.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2013.
[17] ROBERT ALEXY. On the structure of legal principles[J]. Ratio Juris, 2009,13(3):294-315.
[18] 旷毓君,翟晓鸣.“国防专利沉睡”之因及治理之策[J].科技进步与对策,2014,31(23):138-142.
[19] 李广威,刘书雷,黄朝峰,等.国防专利解密与脱密机制的权衡——基于倾向得分匹配的反事实估计[J].情报杂志,2020,39(3):42-50.
[20] 何培育.军民融合背景下国防专利转化的问题与对策研究[C].中国知识产权法学研究会2015年年会论文集,2015.
[21] 金颖.我国社保基金投资风险测算与控制[J].统计与决策,2014,31(23):155-157.
[22] 赵小月.军民两用技术权利归属问题[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2019.
[23] 张春霞.国防科技工业国防专利转让回许可研究[J].装备学院学报,2016,27(5):60-63.
[24] 谢铭洋.智慧财产权之基础理论[M].台北:翰庐图书出版有限公司,1994.
[25] 张晓玲,郑友德.政府科技投入项目成果知识产权归属的原则[J].科技与法律,2001,13(1):15-20.
[26] Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition Technology and Logistics,Intellectual Property.Navigating through commercial waters and solutions when negotiating intellectual property with commercial companies[R]. Washington:OUSDATL, 2001.
[27] 易继明.美国国防领域知识产权的管理模式[J].社会科学家,2018,33(6):9-18,161.
[28] Small Business Administration,Office of Investment and Innovation, Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program Policy Directive[R].Washington:PENT,2014.
[29] Small Business Administration,Office of Investment and Innovation,Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Program[R].Washinton:PENT,2014.
[30] 马春燕,李洁.推动小企业创新进入军民融合——美国军方实施SBIR/STTR计划的启示[J].开放导报,2018,27(4):19-23.
|
|
|
|
