|
|
|
| Why is the Regional Agglomeration of Scientific and Technological Talents Different：Based on the Interpretation of Spatial Differences in the Innovation Environment |
| Guo Shufen1,Zhang Wenli2 |
| （1.Cooperative Innovation Center for Transition of Resource-based Economies，Shanxi University of Finance & Economics；2.School of Management Science and Engineering，Shanxi University of Finance & Economics，Taiyuan 030006，China） |
|
|
|
|
Abstract At present, scientific and technological talents have become the strategic human resources for China's development. Cities have attracted scientific and technological talents to promote regional development by easing restrictions on settlement and strengthening financial subsidies. However, according to the data of China Statistical Yearbook on Science and Technology, there are obvious differences in scientific and technological talent gathering effect in different provinces, and draining of scientific and technological talents to developed areas in the east and south of China is still continuing. The existing research shows that China's scientific and technological talents show obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics. Therefore, when analyzing the influencing factors of scientific and technological talents, it is necessary to consider the influence of spatial effect. At the same time, some more detailed influence mechanisms caused by spatial correlation are also lacking deep analysis. So this paper uses spatial analysis technology, spatial Dubin model and partial differential method to systematically study the spatial effect of innovation environment on the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents by analyzing the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of innovation environment and agglomeration of scientific and technological talents.#br#Based on the panel data of 31 provinces (cities, districts) in China from 2010 to 2019, this paper explores the direct and indirect effects of the innovation environment on the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents by constructing the spatial Dubin model and decomposing the effects, and further discusses the effects of spatial heterogeneity. At the same time, in order to make the research results reliable, two spatial weight matrices (adjacent space weight matrix and inverse distance weight matrix) are used to verify each other.The results show that under the national total sample, a good regional innovation environment can significantly promote the gathering of scientific and technological talents in this region and produce a siphon effect on the surrounding areas; in the eastern, central and western sample situations, the influence of regional innovation environment on the gathering of scientific and technological talents has spatial heterogeneity, i.e., in the eastern, central and western regions, the innovation environment has promoted the gathering of local scientific and technological talents in different degrees, among which the local scientific and technological talents gathering effect of the innovation environment in the eastern and central regions is the most significant, while that in the western region is relatively weak, and the innovation environment in the eastern region has a significant siphon effect on the concentration of scientific and technological talents in the neighboring regions, but it is not reflected in the central and western regions.#br#The scientific insight that "China's scientific and technological talents show obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics" inspired this study to explore the influencing factors of scientific and technological talents' agglomeration from the spatial perspective, and proved that spatial proximity played an important role in the process of scientific and technological talents' agglomeration by means of spatial exploratory analysis and spatial econometric model, and the research results also showed that considering the spatial dependence of scientific and technological talents' agglomeration research can effectively avoid the estimation error. Different from previous studies, this study has answered the correlation between innovation environment and talent agglomeration under the influence of spatial effect in detail from the aspects of dynamic spatio-temporal evolution characteristics, national, eastern, central and western regions, and different proximity, and made up for the lack of previous discussion on the influence of innovation environment on the concentration of scientific and technological talents under the influence of spatial proximity.The conclusion shows that optimizing the innovation environment is an effective way to enhance the concentration of scientific and technological talents, but the differences in different geographical locations and geographical proximity also show that individual differences can not be ignored. According to the research, this paper puts forward four corresponding policy suggestions, providing theoretical basis for provinces and regions in China to improve the concentration level of scientific and technological talents, and suggestions to formulate innovative policies according to their own development stages and factor endowments.#br#
|
|
Received: 21 March 2021
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [1] 许治,张建超.新中国成立以来政府对科技人才注意力研究——基于国务院政府工作报告(1954—2019年)文本分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2020,41(2):19-32.[2] 徐茜,张体勤.基于城市环境的人才集聚研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010, 20(9):171-174.[3] 李乃文,刘会贞.基于系统动力学的产业发展不同阶段人才集聚的决定因素分析[J].科技进步与对策,2012,29(5):152-155.[4] FLORIDA R.Cities and the creative class[M].Routledge, 2005.[5] DARCHEN S,TREMBLAY D G.What attracts and retains knowledge workers/students:the quality of place or career opportunities：the cases of Montreal and Ottawa[J].Cities,2010, 27(4)：225-233.[6] BEREITSCHAFT B,CAMMACK R.Neighborhood diversity and the creative class in Chicago[J]. Applied Geography，2015,63：166-183.[7] PANCHOLI S,YIGITCANLAR T,GUARALDA M.Place making for innovation and knowledge-intensive activities:the Australian experience[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2019,146：616-625.[8] ESMAEILPOORARABI N,YIGITCANLAR T,GUARALDA M,et al.Does place quality matter for innovation districts：determining the essential place characteristics from Brisbane's knowledge precincts[J]. Land Use Policy,2018,79:734-747.[9] 王全纲,赵永乐.全球高端人才流动和集聚的影响因素研究[J].科学管理研究, 2017, 35(1):91-94.[10] 徐倪妮,郭俊华.科技人才流动的宏观影响因素研究[J].科学学研究, 2019, 37(3): 414-421，461.[11] 李婧,产海兰.中国R&D人员流动的空间分布及其影响因素分析[J].研究与发展管理,2018,30(4):94-104. [12] 于明洁,郭鹏,贾颖颖.区域创新环境与创新产出协调发展研究[J].情报杂志,2012, 31(4):196-201.[13] 许婷婷,吴和成.基于因子分析的江苏省区域创新环境评价与分析[J].科技进步与对策,2013,30(4):124-128.[14] 侯鹏,刘思明,建兰宁.创新环境对中国区域创新能力的影响及地区差异研究[J].经济问题探索,2014，35(11):73-80.[15] 陈搏.创新参与者视角的创新环境评价研究[J].科研管理, 2015,36(S1):84-93.[16] 魏新颖,王宏伟,徐海龙.创新投入、创新环境与高技术产业绩效[J].中国科技论坛,2019，35(11):30-37.[17] 姜海宁,张文忠,余建辉,等.山西资源型城市创新环境与产业结构转型空间耦合[J].自然资源学报,2020,35(2):269-283.[18] 李兰冰,刘秉镰.“十四五”时期中国区域经济发展的重大问题展望[J].管理世界,2020,36(5):8，36-51.[19] 唐承丽,郭夏爽,周国华,等.长江中游城市群创新平台空间分布及其影响因素分析[J].地理科学进展,2020,39(4):531-541.[20] 张之光,杜宁,马祎晗.区域创新环境是否提高了中国信息技术产业创新效率——基于两阶段创新过程的实证研究[J].科技进步与对策,2020,37(5):47-56.[21] 霍丽霞,王阳,魏巍.中国科技人才集聚研究[J].首都经济贸易大学学报,2019,21(5):13-21.[22] 郭鑫鑫,杨河清.中国省际人才分布影响因素的实证研究[J].人口与经济,2018，39(3): 47-55.[23] 张扬.创新型城市试点政策提升了科技人才集聚水平吗——来自240个地级市的准实验研究[J].科技进步与对策，2021，38（12）：116-123.[24] LESAGE J P,PACE R K.Spatial econometric modeling of origin-destination flows[J]. Journal of Regional Science,2008, 48(5)：941-967.[25] 张所地,胡丽娜,周莉清.都市圈中心城市人才集聚测度及影响因素研究[J].科技进步与对策,2019,36(20):54-61. |
|
|
|
