|
|
The Influence of External R&D Cooperation Breadth on New Product Development Performance:A Moderated Mediation Model |
Xin Chong,Zhang Meiqi,Wu Yiwen |
(School of Business Administration, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110167, China) |
|
|
Abstract With the shortening of the new product development cycle, it is difficult for firms to maintain their advantages in the fierce market competition just by relying on internal resources to carry out innovation activities. More and more firms are engaged in partnerships with external organizations such as upstream and downstream firms in the supply chain, universities and research institutes to acquire complementary knowledge and technology to cope with the rapidly changing market environment. R&D collaboration is cross-organizational, cross-domain and highly complex, which can significantly affect new product development. Existing studies have different perspectives on external cooperation, which lead to inconsistent research conclusions. Some studies point out that the wider the scope of R&D cooperation, the more diversified external knowledge firms can acquire, which is conducive to the improvement of new product development performance. Some studies also point out that extensive external participants have an inverted U-shaped impact on new product development performance. In addition, existing research has not paid enough attention to the complexity of R&D cooperation network in the background of open innovation, which leads to poor application of R&D cooperation in complex innovation network. Therefore, the impact of external R&D cooperation breadth on new product development performance will be the sticking point that this article focuses on, that is, how market breadth and research breadth of external R&D collaboration affect new product development performance, and whether the influence will be different for firms when the similarity degree of knowledge base is different.#br#Based on the characteristics of wide distribution of external partners, this study selected 160 Chinese listed manufacturing firms from 2010 to 2018 from the perspectives of market breadth and research breadth, and the samples are from 160 companies in five industries with a total of 1 440 observations. State15.0 was used to test the hypothesis, and ordinary least squares multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between market breadth, research breadth, network learning, knowledge base homogeneity and new product development performance.#br#The results show that there is a positive correlation between the breadth of external R&D cooperation and new product development performance. Both the breadth of market and research positively affect new product development performance, and research breadth has a more significant impact. Network learning has a partial mediating role in the impact mechanism of external R&D cooperation breadth on new product development performance. Knowledge base homogeneity positively regulates the relationship between external R&D cooperation breadth and network learning, both in market breadth and research breadth.#br#This study deepens the overall cognition of the breadth of external R&D cooperation, discussing the influence of external R&D cooperation on new product development performance from the two dimensions of market breadth and research breadth. It enriches the research on the antecedent conditions affecting new product development performance, and provides theoretical support for firms to rationally select external cooperation partners. It helps to explain why there are inconsistent conclusions about the impact of external R&D collaboration on new product development performance in existing studies. In addition, by constructing a theoretical model, this study explores the mediating role of e-learning between the breadth of external R&D cooperation and new product development performance, as well as the moderating role of knowledge base homogeneity. Existing studies focus on the direct impact of external R&D cooperation on new product development performance, but the internal mechanism of how external R&D cooperation acts on new product development performance is not discussed enough, and the complexity of external R&D cooperation network is ignored. The study results reveal the mechanism of external R&D cooperation breadth on new product development performance, complementing the shortcomings of previous studies. It also enriches the theoretical research on network learning, and lays a theoretical foundation for further exploration for the mechanism of knowledge base homogeneity. Research provides theoretical guidance for firms to develop new products. Firms should implement the open innovation strategy and take the initiative to establish cooperative relationships with different types of organizations, so as to acquire rich knowledge, reduce research and development costs and improve innovation ability.#br#
|
Received: 08 January 2021
|
|
|
|
|
[1] CHESBOUGH H W. The era of open innovation [J]. MIT Sloan Management Review, 2003, 44(3): 35-41.[2] SCHILDT H, KEIL T, MAULA M. The temporal effects of relative and firm-level absorptive capacity on interorganizational learning [J]. Strategic Manage Journal, 2012, 33(10): 1154-1173.[3] GUNGULY A, TALUKDAR A, CHATTERJEE D. Evaluating the role of social capital, tacit knowledge sharing, knowledge quality and reciprocity in determining innovation capability of an organization [J]. Journal of Knowledge Management, 2019, 23(6): 1105-1135.[4] 周长辉, 曹英慧. 组织的学习空间: 紧密度、知识面与创新单元的创新绩效 [J]. 管理世界, 2011,27(4): 84-97, 188.[5] RADICIC D, BALAVAC M. In-house R&D, external R&D and cooperation breadth in Spanish manufacturing firms: is there a synergistic effect on innovation outputs[J]. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 2019, 28(6): 590-615.[6] LAURSEN K, SALTER A. Open for innovation: the role of openness in explaining innovative performance among UK manufacturing firms [J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2006, 27(2): 131-150.[7] 马艳艳,刘凤朝,姜滨滨,等.企业跨组织研发合作广度和深度对创新绩效的影响——基于中国工业企业数据的实证 [J]. 科研管理, 2014, 35(6): 33-40.[8] 陈艾华,邹晓东.基于组织间学习的产学研知识联盟协同创新机理——来自企业的实证研究 [J]. 浙江高校学报(人文社会科学版), 2017, 47(6): 74-87.[9] 王飞绒, 池仁勇. 基于组织间学习的技术联盟与企业创新绩效关系的实证研究——以生物产业为例 [J]. 研究与发展管理, 2011, 23(3): 1-8.[10] 赵爽, 肖洪钧. 人力资本对企业绩效的影响——组织间学习的中介作用 [J]. 现代管理科学, 2016,35(2): 99-101.[11] 解学梅, 郭海望, 王宏伟. 多主体参与服务创新如何影响企业服务创新绩效——一个有调节的中介效应模型 [J]. 系统工程, 2020, 38(4): 33-45.[12] 王泓略, 曾德明, 陈培帧. 企业知识重组对技术创新绩效的影响:知识基础关系特征的调节作用[J]. 南开管理评论, 2020, 23(1): 53-61.[13] COHEN W, LEVINTHAL D. Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation [J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1990, 35(1): 128-152.[14] 孙耀吾, 秦毓, 贺石中. 高技术中小企业知识搜索对创新能力的影响 [J]. 科学学研究, 2018, 36(3): 550-557+576.[15] RODRIGUEZ M, DOLOREUX D, SHEARMUR R. Variety in external knowledge sourcing and innovation novelty:evidence from the KIBS sector in Spain[J].Technovation, 2017, 68(1): 35-43.[16] GALLIE E, ROUX P. Forms and determinants of R&D collaborations:evidence based on french data [J]. Industry and Innovation, 2010, 17(6): 551-576.[17] ARDITO L, MESSENI PETRUZZELLI A, DEZI L, et al. The influence of inbound open innovation on ambidexterity performance:does it pay to source knowledge from supply chain stake holders[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2020, 119(14): 321-329.[18] 王冬玲. 合作伙伴多元化、外部知识环境特征与企业创新绩效的关系研究 [J]. 预测, 2020, 39(3): 18-26.[19] CHEN J W, LIU L L. Customer participation, and green product innovation in SMEs: the mediating role of opportunity recognition and exploitation [J]. Journal of Business Research, 2020, 119(14): 151-162.[20] 曾德明, 王馨翊, 戴海闻, 等. 网络关系强度、技术多元化与企业产品创新战略 [J]. 科技进步与对策, 2020, 37(2): 82-88.[21] 姜秀娟, 高玉峰, 张胜平, 等. 外部联系对研发人员探索式创新的影响——内部直接联系、外部合作网络多样性的调节效应 [J]. 科技进步与对策, 2020, 37(23): 152-160.[22] 梁杰, 谢恩, 赵龙峰. 企业与多类型伙伴间的重复合作对研发创新绩效的影响研究 [J]. 科学学与科学技术管理, 2020, 41(7): 38-49.[23] VIVAS C, BARGE-GIL A. Impact on firms of the use of knowledge external sources: a systematic review of the literature[J]. Journal of Economic Surveys, 2015, 29(5): 943-964.[24] 马文聪, 叶阳平, 徐梦丹, 等. “两情相悦”还是“门当户对”:产学研合作伙伴匹配性及其对知识共享和合作绩效的影响机制 [J]. 南开管理评论, 2018, 21(6): 95-106.[25] JIANG X, LI Y. The relationship between organizational learning and firms' financial performance in strategic alliances: a contingency approach [J]. Journal of World Business, 2008, 43(3): 365-379.[26] ZACHARIAS N A, DALDERE D, WINTER C G H. Variety is the spice of life: how much partner alignment is preferable in open innovation activities to enhance firms' adaptiveness and innovation success[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2020, 117(12): 290-301.[27] ZHU Y Q, CHIU H, INFANTE HOLGUIN-VERAS E J. It is more blessed to give than to receive: examining the impact of knowledge sharing on sharers and recipients [J]. Journal of Knowledge Management. 2018, 22(1): 76-91.[28] SZUECS F. Research subsidies, industry-university cooperation and innovation [J]. Research Policy, 2018, 47(7): 1256-1266.[29] LIN JUN-YOU. Balancing industry collaboration and academic innovation: the contingent role of collaboration-specific attributes[J]. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 2017, 123(10): 216-228.[30] CAMISON C, VILLAR-LóPEZ A. Organizational innovation as an enabler of technological innovation capabilities and firm performance[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2014, 67(1): 2891-2902.[31] BERCOVITZ J E L, FELDMAN M P. Fishing upstream: firm innovation strategy and university research alliances [J]. Research Policy, 2007, 36(7): 930-948.[32] YAYAVARAM S,CHEN W R. Changes in firm knowledge couplings and firm innovation performance: the moderating role of technological complexity: changes in knowledge couplings and innovation performance [J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2015, 36(3): 377-396.[33] SUBRAMANIAN A M, BO W, KAH-HIN C. The role of knowledge base homogeneity in learning from strategic alliances [J]. Research policy, 2018, 47(1): 158-168.[34] 许骞. 创新开放度、知识吸收能力对企业创新绩效的影响机制研究——基于环境动态性视角[J]. 预测, 2020, 39(5): 9-15.[35] SCHILDT H, KEIL T, MAULA M. The temporal effects of relative and firm-level absorptive capacity on interorganizational learning [J]. Strategic Manage Journal, 2012, 33(10): 1154-1173.[36] WANG C, KAFOUROS M. What factors determine innovation performance in emerging economies?evidence from China [J]. International Business Review, 2009, 18(6): 606-616.[37] WEI J, YING W, LIU Y. Geographical dispersion, technology diversity and innovation performance of R&D activities [J]. Scientology Research, 2013, 31(5): 772-779.[38] NERKAR A, PARUCHURI S. Evolution of R&D capabilities: the role of knowledge networks within a firm [J]. Management Science, 2005, 51(5): 771-785.[39] AHUJA G. Collaboration networks, structural holes, and innovation: a longitudinal study [J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 2000, 45(3): 425-455.[40] 顾露露, 蔡良, 雷悦. 家族治理、所有权变更与企业创新——基于中国家族企业的实证研究 [J]. 管理科学, 2017, 30(2): 39-52. |
|
|
|