|
|
Key Issues in Transformation of Dual-Use Technology Achievements:A Case Analysis Based On Knowledge Network Model |
Xu Ke1,He Limin2,Liu Haibo3,4 |
(1.School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237,China;2.National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100091,China;3.Institute of Science and Development, CAS, Beijing 100190 ,China;4.School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China) |
|
|
Abstract Civil-military integration development is China's national strategy and the transformation of science and technology achievements is an important way to realize civil-military integration development. However, due to the particularity of dual-use technologies, the transformation efficiency is not high. There are some shortcomings in existing research. Firstly, there are rich single or partial studies on dual-use technology transfer, while only a few studies have been conducted to sort out the key issues in the process of dual-use technology transfer in the whole process. Secondly, most studies are from the perspective of enterprises in stead of the perspective of dual-use technology producers such as universities and research institutes. Thirdly, most studies are focused on macroscopic and systematic research on the technology transfer policies of dual-use technology achievements rather than the heterogeneity of dual-use technologies.#br#The study of knowledge networks in the field of management was first originated in Swedish industry in the 1990s. As the research progresses, there are certain commonalities in the scholars' understanding of knowledge networks. Firstly, knowledge networks are connected by elements such as knowledge creation (production) subjects and objects. Secondly, knowledge networks are connected with the external environment in addition to their own interactions. Thirdly, knowledge networks promote knowledge dissemination and transfer through internal structural changes. Based on this, this paper defines knowledge network as the sum of all elements and their interactions formed in knowledge creation, transmission and transfer. Knowledge network is a theoretical model to effectively analyze knowledge flow paths and can be used to study the process of knowledge transfer and transmission. In essence, the dual-use technology achievements transformation involves dual-use technologies dissemination and transfer among universities, research institutions, enterprises and other subjects. Therefore, it is feasible to construct a knowledge network model to analyze the dual-use technology achievements transformation.#br#Based on the combination of six elements, a knowledge network model for the transformation of achievements is constructed, and the model is used for case analysis to illustrate the problems existing in the transformation of achievements. The six elements are as follows. The first is the information element. The biggest obstacle to the transformation of achievements is information asymmetry, and the analysis of information elements mainly refers to the analysis of technical information disclosure and market demand information acquisition and matching from the perspective of technical information mobility. The next is technology elements. The analysis of technological elements needs to start from the properties of dual-use technologies and explore the dilemma of conversion caused by technological factors. The third is the capital element. The capital element provides the operating impetus for dual-use technology achievements transformation. The fourth is the organizational element. As the node of internal coordination and regulation in the dual-use technology achievements transformation, the organizational element is the pivot for the whole process. The fifth is the human resources element. Talent is not only the producer of dual-use technologies, but also an important force to promote the transformation process. The last is the element of social environment. In the model of dual-use technology achievements transformation, the external social environment has an important influence on the transformation efficiency.#br#The following conclusions are drawn. First, although producers actively tap market demand, they lack effective channels and mechanisms to obtain dual-use technology demand information and a platform to disclose scientific research achievements to demanders. Second, due to the different standards and demands of dual-use technology, the industrialization of achievements is difficult. At the same time, technology management is the key problem in dual-use technology achievements transformation. Third, producers face problems such as financing difficulties and shortage of capital at the front end of capital management, and inadequate equity distribution mechanism at the back end of capital management. Fourth, producers should actively innovate in the management of organizations and organizational structures which assume the core pivotal functions for the transformation of results. Fifth, producers often have a strong scientific research team, and need to introduce management talents and achievement transformation talents, so as to build a reasonable talent training mechanism. Sixth, there is a lack of an investment environment and industrial ecology of dual-use technology achievements transformation for investors.#br#
|
Received: 06 July 2021
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 张纪海,乔静杰.军民融合深度发展模式研究[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2016,18(5):111-116.[2] 方炜,郑立明.生物进化视角下军民融合企业技术转移机制研究[J].科研管理,2021,42(1):177-188.[3] 张军果.开创新时代军民融合深度发展新局面[N].光明日报,2019-05-10.[4] MOLAS-GALLART J.Which way to go? defence technology and the diversity of 'dual-use' technology transfer [J].Research Policy, 1997, 26(3): 367-385.[5] 安孟长,刘心刚,贾怡.我国军民两用技术成果转化体系研究[J].军民两用技术与产品,2016,29(15):12-14.[6] 许可,刘海波,肖冰.基于边界组织的技术转移服务机构新范式[J].科学学研究,2019,37(7):1231-1237.[7] MOLAS-GALLART J,SINCLAIR T.From technology generation to technology transfer: the concept and reality of the "dual-use technology centres"[J].Technovation, 1999, 19(11): 661-671.[8] 黄朝峰,鞠晓生,纪建强,等.军民融合何以能富国强军——军民融合、分工演进与报酬递增[J].经济研究,2017,52(8):187-201.[9] BITZINGER R A.Civil-military integration and Chinese military modernization[J].Asia-pacific center for security studies, 2004, 3(9): 1-4.[10] 胡冬梅,王建卿,王海涛,等.军民两用技术研究现状及发展思路[J].科技导报,2018,36(10):14-19.[11] 尚涛.军民融合企业技术积累、能力结构与持续成长机制研究——基于技术转移视角的分析[J].科技进步与对策,2015,32(18):109-113.[12] 马大来,徐刚.地方高校军民融合技术协同创新体系建设研究——以重庆理工大学为例[J].重庆理工大学学报(社会科学),2017,31(6):57-63.[13] 赵黎明,孙健慧,张海波.基于微分博弈的军民融合协同创新体系技术共享行为研究[J].管理工程学报,2017,31(3):183-191.[14] 董晓辉,黄朝峰,李湘黔.军民两用技术产业集群协同创新模式比较——三个典型案例分析[J].科技进步与对策, 2014,31(23): 143-148.[15] 彭中文,刘韬,张双杰.军民融合型科技工业协同创新体系构建研究——基于国际比较视角[J].科技进步与对策,2017,34(11):102-107.[16] 乔玉婷,鲍庆龙,曾立,等.军民融合协同创新驱动产业园区高质量发展研究[J].科技进步与对策,2019,36(12):131-136.[17] 田庆锋,张添,张硕,等.军民科技协同创新要素融合机制研究[J].科技进步与对策,2020,37(10):136-145.[18] 杜兰英,陈鑫.发达国家军民融合的经验与启示[J].科技进步与对策,2011,28(23):126-130.[19] 李海海,孔莉霞.国外军民科技协同创新的典型模式及借鉴[J].经济纵横,2017,33(10):122-128.[20] 朱启超,王姝.军民融合的日本范式——日本军民两用技术发展策略、经验与启示[J].日本学刊,2020,36(3):101-127.[21] 周阳,周冬梅,丁奕文,等.军民融合技术转移的路径演化及其驱动因素研究——“中物技术”2004—2017案例研究[J].管理评论,2020,32(6):323-336.[22] 李慧,康静,王霞.基于DEMATEL方法的军民两用技术成果转化影响因素实证研究[J].西北工业大学学报(社会科学版),2020(3):102-111.[23] LEE B K, SOHN S Y.Exploring the effect of dual use on the value of military technology patents based on the renewal decision[J].Scientometrics, 2017, 112(3): 1203-1227.[24] 章磊,胡慧姿,李肇欣.军民融合背景下军民两用技术研发政策研究[J].中国科技论坛, 2018,34(5):121-127.[25] 何培育,王潇睿.军民融合技术转移的组织与政策制度研究[J].科技管理研究,2019,39(15):29-36.[26] 周长峰,刘燕.军民两用技术知识产权权利归属与利益分配问题研究[J].管理现代化,2019,39(3):49-51.[27] SHARDA R, FRANKWICK G L, TURETKEN O.Group knowledge networks: a framework and an implementation[J].Information Systems Frontiers, 1999, 1(3): 221-239.[28] SEUFERT A, KROGH GV, BACK A.Towards knowledge networking[J].Journal of Knowledge Management, 1999, 3(3): 180-190.[29] PHELPS C, HEIDL R, WADHWA A.Knowledge, networks, and knowledge networks: a review and research agenda[J].Journal of Management, 2012, 38(4):1115-1166.[30] FILIERI R, MCNALLY RC, O'DWYER M, et al.Structural social capital evolution and knowledge transfer: evidence from an irish pharmaceutical network[J].Industrial Marketing Management, 2014, 43(3): 429-440.[31] 张勇,骆付婷,贾芳.知识创造视角下军民融合深度发展技术融合模式及选择研究[J].科技进步与对策,2016,33(14):111-117.[32] KULVE HT, SMIT WA.Civilian-military co-operation strategies in developing new technologies[J].Research Policy, 2003, 32(6): 955-970.[33] 许可,郑宜帆.中国共产党领导科技创新的百年历程、经验与展望[J].经济与管理评论,2021,37(2):15-26.[34] 赵丽莉,孙法柏.军民科技协同创新实施障碍与保障机制研究[J].山东科技大学学报(社会科学版),2020,22(2):55-62.[35] 方炜,郑立明.军民融合企业技术转移效率区域差异及影响因素研究[J].运筹与管理,2020,29(8):1-11.[36] 任保平,豆渊博.“十四五”时期新经济推进我国产业结构升级的路径与政策[J].经济与管理评论,2021,37(1):10-22.[37] 许可,张亚峰,肖冰.科学与市场间的边界组织:科技成果转化机构的理论拓展与实践创新[J].中国软科学,2021,36(6):64-73. |
|
|
|