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Abstract On the basis of the traditional R&D spillover effect hypothesis, this paper uses technology gap to organically associate product differentiation with spillover effect.By building a twostage duopoly game, this paper analyzes and compares the equilibrium levels in different forms of cooperative alliance, such as R&D cartel, production cartel and complete cooperation.It is shown that full cooperation or R&D cartel can effectively increase the profits and enhance the social welfare when the technology gap is small; however, when the technology gap is large, cooperation in the R&D stage not only hinders firms to invest in R&D, but also restrains innovation enthusiasm of firms.In addition, this paper also confirms that semicooperation is more stable and more sustainable than full cooperation，especially when the product differentiation is large, R&D cartel is the most stable.
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