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Abstract In the time of innovation and entrepreneurship, the amount of new open firms in China rises up sharply, but the same happens to closed ones. How to gain competitiveness for startups through innovation is not only a premise of survival of them, but also critical to the vitality of the whole national economy. From the perspective of intellectual capital, this paper induces the factors of the innovation competitiveness of startups. Then based on questionnaire from 260 entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial team members, it finds that human capital is the most important factor of the innovation competitiveness for startups. The top factors of it are strategic leadership, innovation courage of entrepreneurs and cohesiveness of entrepreneurial team. According to the data, the key factors of the innovation competitiveness of startups are different among industries, firm ages and firm scales. The role of financial investors is more important for manufacturing industry than service industry. Besides human capital, incentive system and R&D output of structural capital, and the environment of competition of social capital are also very significant for older and larger startups, rather than younger and smaller ones.
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