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| How Does Workplace Spirituality Affect Knowledge-based Employees' Cooperative Behavior? The Perspective of Strategic Consensus and Goal Interdependence |
| Zhao Li1,2,Xu Shuang3,Liu Pingqing1,Cui Zunkang1,Yang Fang4 |
| (1.School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;2.School of Geographical Science and Tourism,Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China;3.School of Economics Management, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China;4. School of Economics Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China) |
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Abstract Knowledge employees have become the main force of human resources in enterprises, and cooperative behavior is the key condition for high-performance work and various organizational functions. Knowledge-based employees have the characteristics of high spiritual pursuit which is consistent with the connotation of workplace spirituality. Knowledge-based employees pay attention to work achievements rather than material rewards. They are eager to show their personal talents and realize their own value in their work. They value the intrinsic meaning of work to themselves and pursue the intrinsic value of life. It has become an important challenge in the field of organization and management to consider and satisfy such employees' pursuit of life meaning and self-realization, identify the stimulating effect of their workplace spirituality on their potential, and enhance their positive contribution. Workplace spirituality could be an important predictor of job status; however, at present, the research on the internal driving factors of knowledge-based employees' behavior, especially the spiritual driving factors of cooperative behavior, is obviously insufficient. Some qualitative studies suggest that workplace spirituality can promote cooperative behavior, but there is still a lack of relevant empirical research, and the mechanism is not clear. This study focuses on the stimulating process of knowledge-based employees' cooperative behavior from the spiritual perspective. It examines the impact of workplace spirituality on knowledge employees' strategic consensus and cooperative behavior, as well as the boundary conditions of cooperative goal interdependence.#br#A moderated mediation model is constructed based on the data obtained from a survey of knowledge employees from 12 enterprises in cities such as Beijing, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou. In order to avoid the homology error, the leader-employee matching questionnaire is set up, and the effective matching data of 80 leaders and 294 employees is finally obtained. The variables involved in this study are measured using mature scales with good reliability and validity. Harman′s single-factor test is used in this study to test for common method bias. Mplus 7.0 is used for confirmatory factor analysis to examine the discriminant validity among workplace spirituality, employees' strategic consensus, cooperation goal interdependence and cooperative behavior, and then the analysis results indicate that the 4 variables selected in this study have good discriminant validity. The hypotheses are empirically tested by multi-level regression and the moderated mediating effect is tested by the PROCESS bootstrap method.#br#The results indicate that workplace spirituality has a significant positive impact on knowledge employees' cooperative behavior; knowledge employees' strategic consensus plays a mediating role in the relationship between the two; cooperation goal interdependence not only positively strengthens the positive relationship between strategic consensus and knowledge employees' cooperative behavior, but also positively moderates the mediation of strategic consensus, that is, the mediating effect of strategic consensus is enhanced when the effect of cooperation goal interdependence is high.#br#In summary this paper presents the first empirical study to examine the influence of workplace spirituality on knowledge employees' cooperative behavior, and it has made some theoretical contributions to the research on workplace spirituality, cooperative behavior and social identity theory. First, from the perspective of spirituality, it discusses the incentive mechanism of the cooperative behavior, reveals the importance of meeting the spiritual needs of knowledge employees in the workplace, and expands the research of workplace spirituality at the individual level. Second, from the perspective of social identity theory, the mediating mechanism of the strategic consensus of knowledge employees in the relationship between workplace spirituality and cooperative behavior is explored, which provides a new theoretical perspective for explaining the role mechanism of workplace spirituality, and has a theoretical construction significance for revealing the transmission mechanism of the impact of workplace spirituality on cooperative behavior.Third, it proves that the effective unification of task characteristics and employees' internal cognition is a powerful driving force to enhance the cooperative behavior of knowledge-based employees, which enriches the situational research on the influencing mechanism of employees' workplace spirituality.#br#This study enriches the research on the relationship between workplace spirituality and cooperative behavior from the perspectives of theoretical construction and practical significance. The findings enlighten organization managers to pay attention to knowledge-based employees' workplace spirituality, strengthen employees' collaborative ability, establish a scientific strategic decision-making system, and provide an inexhaustible driving force for the sustainable development of the organization.#br#
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Received: 15 June 2022
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