|
|
|
| Policy Efficiency and Optimization Adjustment of Chinese International Patent Motivation System: An Analysis Framework of Effectiveness and Compliance with International Patent Subsidy Policy |
| Wang Mianqing1,Ma Ran2 |
| (1.Law School, Shanghai University;2.School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China) |
|
|
|
|
Abstract International patents play a vital role in protecting innovations abroad.With China′s transition from a technology-introduction country to a “reverse innovation” country, cultivating effective international patents has become the key factor to improve China′s international competitiveness.Existing studies show that the degree of international market coverage and competitive threats are essential factors for enterprises patenting abroad.On the one hand, international patents with legal monopoly rights in the destination country can effectively restrict the imitation of knowledge products by foreign enterprises, and help to obtain gains of trade through the market expansion effect.On the other hand, the international patent layout hinders new entrants and enhances foreign market share by raising the entry barrier and reducing competitors.The legal monopoly right of international patents is a competitive tool for high-technology exporters in the international market.The high cost of international patent layouts and the risk of extraterritorial laws have led to the failure of market regulation of international patent output, resulting in insufficient international patent layouts for Chinese enterprises.#br#Government subsidies not only stimulate the enthusiasm of enterprises to apply for patents, resulting in an “incentive effect”, but also attract enterprises to increase their investment in patents, which produces an “attraction effect”.Hence, the government subsidizes the patent behavior of innovation subjects through patent subsidies for improving the enthusiasm of enterprises to carry out patent layouts.According to the geographical differences in a patent application, patent subsidy policy can be divided into domestic and international patent subsidies.With the increasing patent funding in recent years, the patent filing of enterprises has gradually deviated from the purpose of stimulating innovation and being market-driven.The continuous low quality of domestic patents has led to a patent glut that even distorts the promotion of China's economic growth, which has triggered heated discussions among scholars on domestic patent subsidy policy.However, international patent subsidy policy has been relatively little explored in academia, and the research on the effectiveness and compliance of international patent subsidy policy is rare.Therefore, it is necessary to clarify if the international patent subsidy policy, as a practical institutional arrangement, plays an incentive role for China′s effective patenting abroad within a unified framework and if the current international patent subsidy policy is in compliance with international law.#br#This paper theoretically analyzes the influence mechanism of international patent subsidy policy which can positively influence patenting abroad through cost and risk reduction, quality signals, policy spillover and path dependence effect.Further, it empirically discusses the effectiveness and compliance of international patent subsidy policy using international patent subsidy policy, Chinese industrial enterprise data and patent data.The results suggest that (1) international patent granted subsidy policy significantly contributes to effective international patents, but the effect of international patent application subsidy policy is not robust; (2) on the basis of heterogeneous analysis, the incentive effect of the international utility model subsidy policy is better than that of the invention subsidy policy, and the international patent granted subsidy policy produces a significant promotion effect in capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries and the eastern regions of China; (3) basic patent quality and export intensity positively moderate the correlation between international patent granted subsidy and effective international patents, and basic patent quality and export intensity have a remarkable joint-moderating effect on the relationships between international patent granted subsidy and effective international patents; (4) the current international patent subsidy policy has some problems with specific subsidies for lack of transparency and inadequate supervision.It is likely to trigger a countervailing investigation of China according to the Subsidy and Countervailing Measures Agreement.#br#Aiming at the above-mentioned problems, China should build a more efficient international patent incentive system consistent with the framework of the Subsidy and Countervailing Measures Agreement, with international rules as the premise and high-quality creation as the core.This study examines the policy effects of different links and types of provincial international patent subsidy provisions from the perspective of emerging developing countries, which makes up for the deficiency of existing international patent research.It has important implications for optimizing the international patent incentive system and enhancing the external influence of China′s intellectual property in high-quality development.#br#
|
|
Received: 15 May 2022
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] WILLOUGHBY K W, MULLINA N.Reverse innovation, international patenting and economic inertia: constraints to appropriating the benefits of technological innovation[J].Technology in Society, 2021, 67(5): 101712-101730.
[2] CAVIGGIOLI F.Foreign applications at the Japan Patent Office:an empirical analysis of selected growth factors[J].World Patent Information, 2011, 33(2): 157-167.
[3] EATON J, KORTUM S.International technology diffusion: theory and measurement[J].International Economic Review, 1999, 40(3): 537-570.
[4] EATON J, KORTUM S.Trade in ideas patenting and productivity in the OECD[J].Journal of International Economics, 1996, 40(3): 251-278.
[5] SMITH P J.How do foreign patent rights affect U.S.exports, affiliate sales, and licenses[J].Journal of International Economics, 2001, 55(2): 411-439.
[6] YANG C H, KUO N F.Trade-related influences, foreign intellectual property rights and outbound international patenting[J].Research Policy, 2008, 37(3): 446-459.
[7] ARCHONTAKIS F, VARSAKELIS N C.Patenting abroad: evidence from OECD countries[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2017, 116(5): 62-69.
[8] HU A G.Propensity to patent, competition and China′s foreign patenting surge[J].Research Policy, 2010, 39(7): 985-993.
[9] IVUS O.Do stronger patent rights raise high-tech exports to the developing world[J].Journal of International Economics, 2010, 81(1): 38-47.
[10] YANG C H, KUO N F.Trade-related influences, foreign intellectual property rights and outbound international patenting[J].Research Policy, 2008, 37(3): 446-459.
[11] MATHEW A J, MUKHERJEE A.Intellectual property rights, southern innovation and foreign direct investment[J].International Review of Economics & Finance, 2014, 31(5): 128-137.
[12] 朱雪忠.我国专利数量的失控及其危害[EB/OL].[2022-05-17].https://www.nsfc.gov.cn/csc/20340/20289/20805/index.html.
[13] 张杰, 郑文平.创新追赶战略抑制了中国专利质量么[J].经济研究, 2018, 53(5): 28-41.
[14] 刘淑华.我国PCT申请资助政策的正当性研究[J].知识产权, 2017,31(8): 78-83.
[15] 李仲平.中国专利申请资助政策的反补贴风险及防范——基于美国“镜像对等”诉控的视角[J].中国科技论坛, 2020,36(5): 173-181.
[16] 杨洋, 魏江, 罗来军.谁在利用政府补贴进行创新——所有制和要素市场扭曲的联合调节效应[J].管理世界, 2015,31(1): 75-86,98,188.
[17] FURMAN J L, PORTER M E, STERN S.The determinants of national innovative capacity[J].Research Policy, 2002, 31(6): 899-933.
[18] HUERGO E, TRENADO M, UBIERNA A.The impact of public support on firm propensity to engage in R&D: Spanish experience[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2016, 113(5): 206-219.
[19] 吴汉东.知识产权法的制度创新本质与知识创新目标[J].法学研究, 2014, 36(3): 95-108.
[20] 张杰, 高德步, 夏胤磊.专利能否促进中国经济增长——基于中国专利资助政策视角的一个解释[J].中国工业经济, 2016,34(1): 83-98.
[21] DIMOS C, PUGH G.The effectiveness of R&D subsidies: a meta-regression analysis of the evaluation literature[J].Research Policy, 2016, 45(4): 797-815.
[22] 骆建文, 张钦红.基于专利质量的两阶段专利资助政策研究[J].上海交通大学学报, 2009, 43(9): 1417-1421.
[23] 王益民, 梁枢, 赵志彬.国际化速度前沿研究述评:基于全过程视角的理论模型构建[J].外国经济与管理, 2017, 39(9): 98-112.
[24] AGHION P, DECHEZLEPRETRE A, HEMOUS D, et al.Carbon taxes, path dependency, and directed technical change: evidence from the auto industry[J].Journal of Political Economy, 2016, 124(1): 1-51.
[25] KRUGMAN P.The increasing returns revolution in trade and geography[J].American Economic Review, 2009, 99(3): 561-571.
[26] 余子良, 佟家栋.所有制、出口行为与企业融资约束[J].世界经济, 2016, 39(3): 26-48.
[27] SIMMONS E S.“Black sheep” in the patent family[J].World Patent Information, 2009, 31(1): 11-18.
[28] 谷丽, 阎慰椿, 丁堃.专利申请质量及其测度指标研究综述[J].情报杂志, 2015, 34(5): 17-22.
[29] PALANGKARAYA A, JENSEN P H, WEBSTER E.The effect of patents on trade[J].Journal of International Economics, 2017, 105(5): 1-9.
[30] EBERHARDT M, HELMERS C, YU Z.Is the dragon learning to fly:China′s patent explosion at home and abroad[J].Discussion Papers,2011,36(4): 633-657.
[31] HU A G, JEFFERSON G H.A great wall of patents: what is behind China′s recent patent explosion[J].Journal of Development Economics, 2009,90(1): 57-68.
[32] ORDOVER J A.A patent system for both diffusion and exclusion[J].Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1991, 5(1): 43-60.
[33] 顾功耘, 李本.WTO框架下中国的补贴与反补贴制度定位分析[J].政治与法律, 2003,22(2): 87-91.
[34] 卢小宾, 霍帆帆, 霍朝光.我国信息公开政策计量分析:权力主体、法律渊源与政策工具[J].情报理论与实践, 2022, 45(1): 46-53.
[35] 刘雪凤, 秦立超, 张笑.专利资助政策对于中国专利质量的影响研究[J].情报探索, 2020,40(10): 89-94.
|
| [1] |
. [J]. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY, 2010, 27(20): 89-92. |
|
|
|
|
