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| Regional Innovation Ecosystem: Knowledge Base and Theoretical Framework |
| Yang Boxu1,2,Liu Xielin3,Ji Xiaohui3 |
| (1.Institute of Quantitative Economics and Technical Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100732, China;2.Laboratory of China's Economic and Social Development & Smart Governance, Beijing 100732, China;3.School of Economics and Management, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China) |
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Abstract Innovation is the driving force for social development, and regional innovation serves as a crucial foundation for national innovation development. The characteristics and theoretical development of regional innovation contain typical features of their respective historical periods. The research paradigm of regional innovation has experienced three stages. Since the industrial revolution, Marshall was the first to analyze regional economic and innovation development from the perspective of industrial spatial agglomeration. Then the new economic geography further provided theoretical support for industrial agglomeration through the assumption of increasing returns to scale and imperfect competition; later, the cooperative relationships among different subjects in the region became the focus of the regional innovation network theory. Subsequently, with the integration of economic thinking into the policy field, the concept of the national innovation system was proposed with an emphasis on the use of systemic thinking to analyze the interactive relationships among innovation subjects, such as government, universities, and enterprises in an institutional environment. Inspired by the rise of high-tech industries in Silicon Valley, the US government proposed the concept of the regional innovation ecosystem with the emphasis on the interactive relationship and dynamic evolution between different subjects in the region.#br#However, there is still insufficientresearch on the theoretical models and main characteristics of the regional innovation ecosystem concept. Firstly, there is a lack of a systematic review of the theoretical evolution of the regional innovation ecosystem that was originated from policy practice, which leads to insufficient theoretical foundations for some regional innovation ecosystems. Secondly, a complete theoretical framework for the regional innovation ecosystem has not yet been formed, and there is no academic consensus on the concept and characteristics of the regional innovation ecosystem. Thirdly, the policy implications of the regional innovation ecosystem await further exploration.#br#This study starts with the knowledge base of the regional innovation ecosystem to propose a conceptual framework for the regional innovation ecosystem, analyzes the main characteristics and theoretical boundaries of the regional innovation ecosystem, and strengthens the theoretical foundation of the regional innovation ecosystem. Firstly, the theory of the regional innovation ecosystem gradually evolved from the theoretical foundations of industrial agglomeration, regional innovation networks and regional innovation systems. Its direct source is American innovation practice. Secondly, on the basis of the theoretical foundations of the regional innovation system and the ecosystem, the study constructs a conceptual model of the regional innovation ecosystem that focuses on the three core communities of research, development and application, emphasizing the interactive relationships among innovative subjects and their material energy exchange with the environment. Thirdly,as a result of the dynamic evolutionary process, the regional innovation ecosystem presents four main characteristics: proximity, diversity, self-organization and openness. Finally, the policy implications for constructing and improving the regional innovation ecosystem are presented fromthe perspectives of ecological advantages, innovative population, innovation environment and digital innovation.#br#The marginal contributions of this study are as follows. This paper first offers a systematic review of the knowledge base and evolutionary process of the regional innovation ecosystem, which advances the understanding and appreciation of its theoretical implications. Second, this paper develops a theoretical framework for the regional innovation ecosystem, providing a theoretical basis for researching regional innovation ecosystems. It begins with the self-organizing system of shared value propositions in the regional innovation ecosystem, constructs a conceptual framework, and summarizes four characteristics of the regional innovation ecosystem, i.e., proximity, diversity, self-organization and openness, with proximity distinguishing the ecosystem from others. Third, this paper explores the policy implications of the regional innovation ecosystem, and emphasizes the need for stakeholders to understand the evolutionary stage and regional characteristics of the regional innovation ecosystem in the policy-making process. The local governments are expected to follow the self-organizing evolution laws of regional innovation ecosystems , reduce government intervention and construct distinctive regional innovation ecosystems to achieve differentiated competition patterns according to the regional resource endowments, industrial structure and cultural heritage.#br#
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Received: 20 July 2022
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