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| The Effects of Technology Blockade on the Independence of Industrial Development:An Empirical Test Based on the U.S. Entity List |
| Xue Yaowen,Yang Dagao,Wang Wenli |
| (School of Economics and Management, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China) |
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Abstract Each outbreak of scientific and technological innovation and industrial change has greatly contributed to the improvement of social labor productivity and has brought new development trends and characteristics of industrial development. The leaders of each industrial revolution have taken global competitive advantages for a long period with leading the strategic evolution direction of new industries. Since the 21st century, the United States has been imposing unjustified sanctions on Chinese high-tech enterprises in an attempt to curb China's industrial development. Under such circumstances, it is crucial to identify the key points for the independent and autonomous development of industries by defining the types of industries under suppression and verifying their structural position and the role they play in the national economy. #br#Therefore, this paper summarizes two main characteristics of Chinese enterprises with core technologies on the U.S.entity list. Firstly, they have strong R&D capability with access to global resources, and lead the technological development trend of their industries; secondly, they have a high market share and occupy an oligopoly position in the global market in the form of multinational companies. Because of the importance of core enterprises in the industrial supply chain in the two major lines of R&D and sales, the impact of the U.S. entity list on core enterprises is passed on to related industries. The study integrates four categories of industries including computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing, software and information technology services, research and experimental development, and science and technology promotion and application services. Subsequently, the input-output table is used as the database to construct the strongly related industry adjacency matrix by using the improved Floyd algorithm to generate the strongly related industry network. On the basis of the above theoretical mechanism, this study empirically examines the impact of the technology blockade on the development trend of self-sustainability and self-improvement of related industries in China by using the industrial network model and input-output model and investigates the specific impact mechanisms and effects. #br#The following conclusions are drawn. (1) The computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry has strong driving benefits for the national economy and is a pillar industry in a strategic position; however, the industry is integrated into the global industrial value chain in the way of large-scale export based on large-scale import, the industry has high employment absorption capacity with a low value-added rate and an unsatisfactory employment environment, and it is a labor-intensive industry andmost affected by the entity list. The software and information technology service industry, research and experimental development industry, science and technology promotion, and application service industry are in the initial stage of development, and thus the social reproduction is not sufficient; there is not a complete industrial ecology, and industrial development is dependent on capital investment. (2) The computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industries and the science and technology promotion and application service industries are in the structural hole position with large ego network scale but low ego network density, and the advantages of this industrial structure are not fully utilized. (3) The U.S. technology blockade inhibits the development of China's four types of industries to varying degrees, and the most serious constraints are imposed on the development of the computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry. But the suppression also forces China to increase the supply of resources for the research and experimental development industry, software and information technology service industry, improve its key technology research, and enhance its importance and influence in the industrial structure. #br#In summary, this studyextends the suppression of enterprises to the industry level with integrated research on the Chinese enterprises affected by the U.S. entity list from an industrial perspective. It further constructs a network of strongly related industries based on inter-industry linkages and analyzes the impact of the U.S. technology blockade on the independent and autonomous development and industrial structure upgrading of four types of industries through iterations.#br#
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Received: 23 July 2022
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