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| Evaluation on the Enterprise Transformation and Upgrading of National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone Based on RJVs: An Empirical Analysis of 1827 Listed Companies from 2016 to 2020 |
| Ma Zongguo,Fan Xueai |
| (Business School, Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250358, China) |
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Abstract Since Zhong Guancun was approved by the State Council to establish the first National Innovation Demonstration Zone（NIDZ）in 2009, after 13 years of development and construction, NIDZs have become the pioneer and experimental zones to drive the high-quality development of innovation in China. Enterprises in NIDZ are in the leading position of regional innovation development, and they are expected to take the lead in completing the transformation and upgrading.However, there are problems in the development of NIDZ, such as the low position of the innovation chain and the imperfect connection of the industrial chain. These problems seriously hinder the rapid development of enterprises in NIDZ, andthere is an urgent need of new development ideas. The collaborative paradigm of a research joint ventures (RJVs) with important features such as collaborative R&D, multi-dimensional competition, sharing of results and high matching has explored a new path to collaborative R&D and reduce the waste of resources for the transformation and upgrading of enterprises in NIDZ. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the transformation and upgrading capabilities of enterprises in NIDZ based on the perspective of RJVs.
There are two research methods in this study. The first method of multi-case study is used to root out the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises in NIDZ to obtain the factors influencing the transformation and upgrading capacity of enterprises in NIDZ. Then on the basis of constructing an evaluation index system for the transformation and upgrading of enterprises in NIDZ from the perspective of RJVs, the AHP-entropy weight combination empowerment model is used to evaluate the 1 827 A-share manufacturing enterprises in NIDZ from 2016 to 2020 about the transformation and upgrading capabilities.
Firstly, according to the CSMAR databasethe study obtains all A-share listed companies classified as manufacturing in the 2012 version of the China Securities Regulatory Commission from 2016 to 2020. Then it matches all enterprises with NIDZ one-to-one according to the registered address of the company through manual screening. Only the sample of listed companies within the required range was retained, companies with missing data of the main variables were excluded, and finally 1 827 listed companies in the A-share manufacturing industry were obtained as the research samples.
The research conclusions of this paper are as follows. (1) The comprehensive index of enterprise transformation and upgrading in NIDZ is generally low. The level of enterprise transformation and upgrading has a large room for improvement.（2）There is still a big gap in the level of transformation, upgrading and development of enterprises in Eastern, Central and Western NIDZ, and the development gap is gradually widening. （3）There is no obvious difference in the level of enterprise transformation and upgrading between the northern and southern NIDZ. Due to the predominance of manufacturing industries, the southern NIDZ has a slightly higher level of transformation and upgrading of enterprises. （4）R&D innovation synergy is the main factor affecting the transformation of enterprises in NIDZ.
This study makes the following innovations. （1）Based on the characteristics that RJVs can drive enterprises in NIDZ to develop upstream in the value chain, this study construct an evaluation system for the transformation and upgrading capabilities of enterprises in NIDZ from the perspective of RJVs.（2）By taking root in the cases of enterprises in the demonstration zone that have achieved good results in transformation and upgrading at the current stage, we can identify the influencing factors that affect the transformation and upgrading capabilities of enterprises in NIDZ. Based on the perspective of RJVs, a theoretical analysis framework for improving the transformation and upgrading capabilities of enterprises in NIDZ is constructed.This can not only enrich the research content of NIDZ, but also provide new theoretical support for the research on the transformation and upgrading of enterprises in NIDZ. （3）Using the AHP-entropy weight combination weighting model, we evaluate the transformation and upgrading capabilities of enterprises in NIDZ and propose targeted development countermeasures based on typical cases and domestic and foreign experience.
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Received: 03 December 2021
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