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Abstract This paper measures the industrial environment efficiency of 17 provinces, cities and districts along the One Belt And One Road from 2006 to 2015 bythe SBM model containing the unexpected output, and analyzes the influence factors of industrial environmental efficiency through the Tobit model. The results of the study indicate that:a. the implementation of the One Belt And One Road initiative has improved the economic development of the provinces, cities and distracts along the routes, and the regional average industrial environmental efficiency has been improved slightly; b. the industrial environment efficiency of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road is comparatively high, but the industrial environment efficiency of the Silk Road Economic Belt is generally low; c. the per capita GDP, industrial structure, population density are of great importance in promoting efficiency of industrial environment, and the poor condition of the foreign trade and environmental regulation efficiency has a clear negative impact on the industrial environment, but not so clear to the GDP proportion and the trade dependency. Therefore,it is important to realize the coordinated development of economy and environment in the One Belt and Road region through optimizing the industrial structure,improvingenergy utilization efficiency, developing regional science and technology of the Maritime Silk Road, and transforming the economic growth mode transformation of the Silk Road Economic Belt.
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