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Abstract Based on the SBM model and GML index, this paper measured the agricultural green total factor productivity(GTFP) in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 1997 to 2015, and its affecting factors were further analyzed by comprehensive feasible generalized least squares method. The results showed that the agricultural GTFP of the Yangtze River Economic Belt had improved, but it was lower than the national level. The agricultural GTFP of the Yangtze River Economic Belt showed a regional difference，but the agricultural GTFP of different reaches and most provinces along the Yangtze River Economic Belt maintained a rapid growth in recent years. The level of mechanization, stock of human capital and financial support have a significant positive impact on the agricultural GTFP in the Yangtze River economic belt. However, the rate of disaster, the level of irrigation facilities, the development of industry and services and the level of opening up have a significant negative impact. In order to improve the agricultural GTFP in the Yangtze River economic belt, the development emphases are to increase the agricultural financial expenditure, strengthen the construction of water conservancy projects, enhance the innovation and application of agricultural technologies, improve the rural market system and the overall management of agriculture openingup.
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