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| The Influence Mechanism of Psychological Need Satisfaction on the Public Service Motivation of Top Science and Technology Talents: The Moderating Effect of Social Support |
| Cheng Long1,Jiang Chun2 |
| (1.Science and Technology Talent Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100045, China; 2.School of International Relations and Public Affairs, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China) |
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Abstract As the core of China's talent strategy, the top science and technology talents (top S&T talents) have their own job characteristics and professional attributes, and their public service motivation (PSM) has a profound impact on China's development speed, quality of development, and public life and health. It is therefore significant to explore, cultivate and utilize national S&T leading talents. This study focuses on the influencing factors of their PSM and aims to analyze the impact mechanism of the PSM of national S&T leaders and how to stimulate and enhance their PSM.#br#The paper takes 314 top S&T talents′ first-hand survey data as samples to conduct an empirical study on the influence mechanism of their PSM based on self-determining theory, public service motivation theory and resource conservation theory. In order to explore the satisfaction changes of the top S&T talents′ basic psychological needs, and the role of social support in influencing the public service motivation of national S&T leaders, it develops a scale consisting of 16 items from four dimensions: self sacrifice, public participation attraction, public value commitment and empathy. It adopts the Likert 5-point scoring method and uses SPSS 22.0 for descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis, and AMOS 20.0 for validity tests of related variables.#br#The following findings are concluded. First, both the satisfaction of psychological needs and social support have significant positive effects on PSM. That is, the higher the satisfaction of independent needs, competence needs and relationship needs, the stronger the motivation for public service, and the more social support they feel, the higher their level of public service motivation. Second, social support has a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between psychological need satisfaction and PSM. That is, when the level of social support is high, the effect of satisfaction of psychological needs on public service motivation is significant, but when the level of social support is low, the effect of satisfaction of psychological needs on public service motivation is not significant. Third, after top S&T talents are entitled "National Science and Technology Leading Talents", their satisfaction of psychological needs undergoes different changes, which are reflected in the enhancement of the satisfaction of competency needs, while the satisfaction of autonomy needs and the satisfaction of relationship needs may decline. Fourth, the focus of social support varies for different types of top technology talents, reflecting the need for more social support for top S&T innovation talents in organizational coordination, research devotion,family acquisition, etc., while top S&T entrepreneurship talents want to receive more social support in areas such as government-industry-university cooperation and technology transfer.#br#For the first time, this paper takes the top S&T talents of China as the research object. From a theoretical point of view, this paper confirms the contents of public service motivation theory, self-determination theory and resource conservation theory, and further enriches the connotation of these three theories. According to self-determination theory, external environmental factors can affect internal motivation by influencing the satisfaction of psychological needs and then affect the external motivation of public service; the above-mentioned influence mechanism is further demonstrated, which enriches the connotation of the public service motivation theory. At the same time, the psychological needs theory in self-determination theory divides the psychological needs into relational needs, self-determination needs and competence needs, and they promote external motivation to turn into internal motivation or enhance internal motivation. The change in the three different psychological needs of the top S&T talents enriches the dynamic change connotation of the basic psychological needs satisfaction. From a practical point of view, in order to strengthen the motivation of top S&T talents serving the public, it is essential to fully support the top S&T talents at the national and personal levels, including material support and spiritual encouragement.#br#This study is a preliminary exploration; future research can continue to explore the autonomy needs, competency needs, relationship needs of their respective mechanisms and compare their differences; on the other hand, researchers could introduce more variables, for example, job engagement, job burnout, job well-being and so on.#br#
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Received: 09 November 2022
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