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| The Legal Mechanism to Stimulate China's Low Carbon Technological Innovation under the "Double Carbon" Goals |
| Cao Xiaolu |
| (School of Law, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China) |
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Abstract Low-carbon technological innovation is critical for the realization of the "double-carbon" goals, and thus it is necessary to innovate the existing legal promotion mechanism of low-carbon technological innovation to meet the needs of China's low-carbon economic transformation under the "double carbon" goals. At present, there are four dilemmas in low-carbon technology innovation in China. First, there is dislocation of the division of power and responsibility in low-carbon technology innovation, that is, the dislocation of the division of power and responsibility among the government, enterprises and the public in low-carbon technology innovation. Second, the transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements in low-carbon technological innovation is low. In 2022, the transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements at the provincial and ministerial level in China was only 30%, while the rate in developed economies such as Europe and the United States reached over 50%. There is still a big gap between China and developed economies in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Third, the popularization rate of low-carbon technology innovation in publicity and promotion is low. The invention patents generated by low-carbon technology innovation are often highly professional. It is difficult for the general public to have a more consistent view of the actual application context of low-carbon technology. Fourth, there is a lack of a legal guarantee system for low-carbon technology innovation. At present, China has not formulated and issued a baseline law to deal with climate change and control greenhouse gas emissions. There is a lack of a legal system related to international low-carbon technology trade and environmental trade in China.#br#It is argued that the systematic innovation of low-carbon technology in China needs to shift from decentralized technology innovation to integrated low-carbon technology innovation, i.e., from the development mode of single renewable energy to the collaborative innovation of clean and low-carbon energy, from the front end of low-carbon technology research and development to supply-side innovation, from the distributed development of low-carbon technology to the collaborative innovation of the industrial chain, and from fragmented low-carbon technology innovation to institutional integration innovation.#br#This paper provides stimulation incentive mechanisms for low-carbon technology in China. The first is limited technology incentives. The government provides financial and tax support, that is, it stimulates low-carbon technology innovation through financial subsidies and tax incentives. The second is unlimited technology incentives, that is, low-carbon technology innovation is encouraged by market and property rights. The third is collaborative technology incentives. Government support measures and market incentives are applied at the same time. The last one refers to the all-round technology incentives by which a comprehensive and three-dimensional legal system to ensure low-carbon technology innovation could be built.#br#With the emphasis on the importance of establishing a legal mechanism to stimulate low-carbon technological innovation the paper proposes relevant suggestions. Firstly, it is necessary to establish a complete legal system to support low-carbon technological innovation. This means building a legal system that encourages low-carbon technological innovation at the level of laws, administrative regulations, and departmental rules. The second is to innovate the special legislative authorization model for local low-carbon technology innovation, which refers to developing regulatory systems that stimulate low-carbon technology innovation in pilot zones and replicating and promoting them nationwide after obtaining mature legislative experience. The third is to strengthen the dual legal incentives of finance and taxation for low-carbon technology innovation. The fourth is to build a trinitarian mechanism for promoting low-carbon technology innovation legislation for the government, enterprises, and consumers to promote low-carbon technology innovation on the ends of research and development, application, and consumption.#br#This paper clarifies low-carbon technology research and development as the highland of global technology competition in the coming decades, and it needs long-term and sustained large-scale investment. Only by establishing a legal system to stimulate enterprises' low-carbon technology innovation, can it provide stable expectations for enterprises' long-term and high-intensity low-carbon technology innovation investment at the institutional level, and stimulate enterprises' endogenous motivation to carry out low-carbon technology innovation to achieve the "double carbon" goals.#br#
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Received: 16 December 2022
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