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| Cooperation Network Characteristics,Enterprise Knowledge Diversification and Generic Technology Spillover |
| Ma Yonghong1,Luan Haowei1,Wang Qi1,Wang Na2 |
| (1.School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; 2.Central Sub-branch of People's Bank of China in Dalian, Dalian 116001, China) |
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Abstract With the promotion of the "Industry 4.0" strategy by various countries in the world, the global science and technology competition is increasingly fierce. The technology competition has shifted the focus from "single technology" to "generic technology". It is the key for China to master generic technology so as to achieve industrial transformation and upgrading as well as occupy a leading position in the global science and technology competition. As a pre-competitive technology connecting basic science and commercial applications, generic technology needs to be widely spilled to fully realize its potential value. The existing research based on the network perspective ignores the impact of network location and relationship characteristics on generic technology spillover, and lacks the research that brings the external cooperation network and internal knowledge base into the same framework. Therefore, this paper aims to study the differential impacts of different types of enterprise characteristics in the cooperative network on generic technology spillover, as well as the synergy mechanism between internal knowledge diversification, external cooperative network and generic technology spillover.#br#Thus from the network perspective, this paper takes 86 listed companies in the electronic information equipment manufacturing industry in China as the research sample, and uses their patent data to build generic technical cooperation network. Applying the negative binomial regression method to empirically study the impact of enterprise location characteristics and relationship characteristics on generic technology spillover in the generic technology cooperation network, and examining the moderating effect of enterprise knowledge diversification. #br#The results show that the location characteristics of enterprises in the generic technology cooperation network, that is, centrality and structural holes, have a significant positive impact on generic technology spillover, and the effect of centrality is stronger. Enterprises with a high degree of centrality have more partners and higher prestige status, and they can carry out technical exchanges more conveniently in the network, so as to promote the spillover of generic technology. Enterprises occupying the position of structural holes act as a "bridge" in the network, and can use their control advantages to improve the flow efficiency of information and resources in the network, so as to promote the spillover of generic technology. The relationship characteristics of enterprises in the generic technology cooperation network (i.e., the connection strength) has a significant positive impact on the generic technology spillover, but its effect is relatively weak. There are frequent technical exchanges and a high level of mutual trust between strong relationship embedded enterprises and their partners, which can promote the exchange of formal and modeling information, eliminate the threat of opportunism, and enhance the spillover effect of generic technology. The diversification of enterprise knowledge has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between enterprise centrality, structural hole and generic technology spillover, but has no moderating effect on the relationship between connection strength and generic technology spillover. Diversified knowledge elements provide enterprises with a complete knowledge base which can meet the knowledge search needs of external network organizations, and enhance the control advantage of structural hole enterprises in the network, so as to strengthen the centrality of cooperative networks and the role of structural holes in promoting generic technology spillover. The phenomenon of knowledge homogeneity and "technology lock-in" between enterprises and their closely related partners makes knowledge diversification have no moderating effect on the relationship between connection strength and generic technology spillover.#br#Compared with the existing literature, the possible marginal contribution of this paper lies in the following two aspects. Firstly, from the perspective of network, it provides new evidence and ideas for research on the relationship between cooperative network characteristics and generic technology spillover. Secondly, it brings the internal knowledge base and external cooperation network into the same research framework, reveals the synergy mechanism between internal knowledge diversification, external cooperation network characteristics and generic technology spillover. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of internal knowledge diversification in generic technology cooperation. The research conclusion enriches the theoretical perspective of generic technology spillover, and has important practical significance for the healthy development of generic technology cooperation network, the rational distribution of enterprise internal knowledge base and the full spillover of generic technology.#br#
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Received: 07 March 2022
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