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| The Economic Causes of Innovation Primacy in Central Cities and theInfluence on the Agglomeration of R&D Elements |
| Yang Haodong,Wang Gaofeng |
| (School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China) |
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Abstract The regional innovation structure is a spatial projection of innovation capability, and the differences and evolution of regional innovation structures have always been hot topics in the academic and business communities. Regional innovation coordination is a key link in the regional coordinated development strategy, and the realization of the latter is inseparable from the rational layout of innovation-driven development from the perspective of space. For a long time, due to differences in innate resource endowments and policy orientations, China's regional innovation imbalance has been prominent. This imbalance is manifested both between different regions and within the same region. In particular, under the administrative hierarchy of Chinese cities, there are many discussions on the impacts of the dual structure between provincial capitals and non-provincial capital cities on the overall economic development, which is also reflected in the research on the theme of urban primacy. The existing literature shows that with economic development, differences within an economy will show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Then, are there similar changes in regional innovation differences in different stages of economic development? The answer to this question is of great significance for clarifying the relationship between innovation differences and economic development. #br#If the research with primacy as the explained variable focuses on what determines the primacy of a city (abductive), then the research with primacy as an explanatory variable aims to examine what impact it has on economic and social development (seeking results). Although the existing research has explored its impact on innovation development from different perspectives, such as city scale, urban agglomeration structure, central city, and the strategies of strengthening the provincial capital. However, it ignores the possible relationship between urban innovation differences in the region and the overall innovation.The existing studies on primacy have examined the impact of primacy indicators calculated from GDP or population data on economic development. However, the expansion of innovation primacy is comparatively insufficient, so it is necessary to explore the relationship between innovation primacy in provincial capitals and the overall innovation development of the province. Therefore, this paper focus on the issue of how the primacy of urban innovation will affect the agglomeration of overall R&D elements in the region.#br#On the basis of the existing research, this paper takes the innovation indicator value of provincial capital cities as the numerator, and the sum of the innovation index and the overall index of the largest city except provincial capital cities as the denominator to characterize the urban innovation primacy. Then this paper reflects the agglomeration of R&D elements with the agglomeration of R&D personnel, and selects the location entropy calculated from the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel in each province and the year-end resident population as the proxy variable. By drawing on the inter-provincial panel data in China since the new century, the two-stage least squares method, semi-parametric kernel regression and qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy sets are used for investigation. #br#The research analysis has found that (1)with the economic development, after the regional innovation has changed from polarization to convergence, the innovation primacy shows a trend of first increase and then decrease (“Williamson hypothesis”); (2) there is an M-shaped relationship between innovation primacy and the aggregation of R&D elements (talents), and the relationship reflects if the role of the provincial capital city's leading role is too large or too small, and it also reveals the existence of the phenomenon of "urban concentration trap"; (3) innovation primacy is neither a necessary condition for achieving high (low) R&D talent agglomeration, nor does it constitute a core factor for a high (low) agglomeration configuration. Compared with the non-high configuration, the first degree exists with a lack of conditions in the high talent agglomeration path, which also reflects that the phenomenon of "one city dominance" is a sub-optimal strategic choice for realizing the agglomeration of high R&D elements. This paper discusses the primacy of innovation, and provides not only a further expansion of the research on primacy in the context of innovation, but also a test of the development orientation of geographic structure differentiation of regional innovation.#br#
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Received: 15 April 2022
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