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| Has Ecological Civilization Construction Promoted Green Technology Innovation?An Empirical Assessment from Synthetic Control Method |
| Zhang Hong1,Hu Jin2 |
| (1.School of Foreign Languages, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics;2. School of Big Data Application and Economics, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550000, China) |
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Abstract Green technology innovation can enable enterprises to carry out green production to reduce costs and gain competitive advantages, and transfer green technology to obtain transfer benefits and produce technology spillover effects.It can provide the residents with green products and a green environment. Thus, green technology innovation is the consensual goal of environmental regulation policy to achieve “innovation compensation” and is a key part of supporting green and high-quality development. However, the validity of “Porter hypothesis” is still controversial in the academic community. #br#This study uses a synthetic control method to circumvent the sample selection bias and policy endogeneity that may exist in previous policy assessment methods. The most applied method in the research on the assessment of the effects of ecological civilization construction policies is the difference-in-differences method. However, the division of treatment and control groups is subject to regional heterogeneity, and it may easily lead to sample selection bias in policy assessment. The green patent data of 30 provinces from 2010 to 2020 is studied based on the policy of ecological civilization construction to verify the “Porter hypothesis” validity. The study aims to provide a theoretical reference for the provincial governments to choose their environmental policies prudently.#br#The results show that the ecological civilization construction policy can promote green technology innovation in Fujian, Jiangxi, and Guizhou, among which Jiangxi and Guizhou have responded quickly and shown the policy effect since the implementation of the ecological civilization pilot demonstration zone in 2013, while Fujian was relatively slow and the policy effect was presented only after the implementation of the ecological civilization pilot zone in 2014. Overall, the policy effects in Fujian and Jiangxi are relatively good, while the policy effects in Guizhou are relatively weak. The three provinces do not have the same driving force to promote green technology innovation in accordance to the same ecological civilization construction policy. Fujian is mainly dependent on the science and technology funding, Jiangxi is mainly driven by the effect of basic research and environmental infrastructure, and the effect of science and technology talents is significant in Guizhou. The different driving forces also bring differences in the green technology innovation effects of the three provinces in terms of innovation patent categories. For Guizhou, driven by the science and technology talent effect, the ecological civilization construction policy has significantly pushed up the number of green invention patents instead of the number of green utility model patents, mainly by increasing the number of science and technology talents. Since 2013, the policy has had varying degrees of success in different regions. Fujian has been driven by science and technology funding, while Jiangxi has focused on basic research and environmental infrastructure. However, in Guizhou, the quality and incremental effects of green technology innovation are relatively weak. The quality and quantity effects of green technology innovation are both significant, but the quality effect lags by one year compared with Guizhou.#br#In summary, the quality improvement effect of green technology innovation can be rapidly brought about by the effect of scientific and technological talents. However, the injection of scientific and technological talents alone cannot bring about the multiplier spillover effect, thus sacrificing the incremental effect. Although the effect of environmental infrastructure will lag behind the quality improvement effect, green technology innovation can be driven by the two wheels of incrementaleffect and quality improvement in the long run. Meanwhile,the ecological civilization policy can promote green technology innovation in Fujian and Jiangxi. In contrast, the policy effect in Guizhou is weaker because Guizhou's science and technology talent-driven strategy has only aqualitativeeffect but not a quantitative effect compared to those of Fujian's science and technology funding and Jiangxi's basic research and environmental infrastructure-driven strategy. Thus, the central government should continue the ecological civilization construction, fully exploit the stimulating effect of environmental policies on green technological innovation and promote green development accordingly. The provincial governments should fully consider the characteristics of their resource endowment, comprehensively consider the advantages and disadvantages of each driving model, and keep the driving force suitable for the development according to the local conditions.#br#
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Received: 25 July 2022
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