|
|
Does Government Involvement in Innovation Help Improve the Efficiency of Innovation in Cities?An Empirical Test Based on National Innovative City Pilot Policy |
Huang Yongchun1,2,Huang Zhan3,Zou Chen1 |
(1. Business School, Hohai University;2.World Water Valley and Water Ecological Civilization Cooperative Innovation Center, Nanjing 211100,China;3.Department of Business Administration,Coventry University, London E1 7JF,UK) |
|
|
Abstract Innovation promotes economic growth by adjusting the combination of production factors and is the core driving force to realize innovation-driven development. As regional innovation enters into multiple levels of innovation ecosystem, the interaction and symbiosis between government and economic subjects play an important role in promoting regional innovation. In order to realize the transformation of urban development through independent innovation, the National Development and Reform Commission of China officially approved Shenzhen as the first "National Innovative pilot city" in June 2008, and gradually listed Dalian, Qingdao, Xiamen and other cities as innovative pilot cities thereafter. The construction and development of innovation-oriented cities can not only realize the investment-driven and even innovation-driven transformation, but also help realize the transformation from unbalanced development to shared and coordinated development.#br#On the basis of the data samples of 226 prefecture-level cities in China from 2000 to 2019, this paper empirically examines the impact of Shenzhen's national innovative city pilot policy in 2008 on urban innovation efficiency by using the synthetic control method, and explores the mechanism of government participation in innovation on regional innovation efficiency improvement. The validity and robustness of regression results are tested by breakpoint regression and placebo test.#br#The results show that the national innovative city pilot policy implemented for the first time in Shenzhen in 2008 has a significant promoting effect on the improvement of total factor productivity, and the effect of the national innovative city pilot policy on the innovation efficiency of Shenzhen presents an inverted U-shaped trend. The implementation of this policy has a significant positive impact in the early stage, which can effectively guide the innovation behavior of enterprises, stimulate the innovation power of enterprises, and help enterprises to cross the valley of death of innovation. But the effect is time-limited. In the middle period of policy implementation, with the gradual release of policy effects, increasingly fierce market competition and constant change of emerging technologies, the dividend effect of government policy support for industrial innovation declines, and an inflection point appears in the government's promotion effect on innovation. After that, the effect of policy dividend gradually weakens, but this does not mean that relevant policy dividend disappears completely, but maintains a low continuous positive impact.#br#Therefore, in the initial stage of promoting urban innovation, the government should pay attention to guide innovation and make up for market failure due to the existence of market failure problems such as high innovation risk and long cycle, information asymmetry, technology spillover and imitation, so as to help innovation subjects to cross the valley of death. In the middle period of policy implementation, the government should encourage innovation behavior in industry guidance, financial support, financial environment, property rights protection, trade and export. In the later period of policy implementation, the government should adjust or formulate new innovation incentive measures according to the innovation situation and regional innovation reality, according to the law of urban development and the law of market competition, and strengthen the sustainable effect of the original innovation incentive policies.#br#According to the research conclusion, this paper puts forward three countermeasures and suggestions. First, the government should optimize the supporting mechanism for scientific and technological innovation, improve the funding system for scientific and technological innovation and the high-level talent flow mechanism to stimulate the vitality of the main body of scientific and technological innovation in the start-up period of the construction of innovation-oriented cities. Second, in the implementation process of promoting the construction of an innovation-oriented city, the government should improve all kinds of scientific and technological innovation carriers, so as to accelerate the agglomeration of scientific and technological innovation resources, promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, reduce the cost and risk of scientific and technological innovation, and enhance the innovation vitality and entrepreneurial power of the city. Third, the government should improve the service system of scientific and technological innovation, attach importance to the cultivation of scientific and technological intermediary service platform, strengthen the collaborative innovation among enterprises, government, research institutes, intermediary institutions and knowledge users, and enhance the synergistic effect of urban innovation subjects, so as to achieve major technological breakthroughs and breakthroughs.#br#
|
Received: 21 June 2021
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 国家创新体系建设战略研究组.2010国家创新体系发展报告——创新型城市建设[M].北京: 科学出版社, 2011.[2] CHARLES LANDRY. The creative city: a toolkit for urban innovators [J].Comunity Development Journal,2001,36(2):165-167.[3] 保罗·克鲁格曼. 发展、地理学与经济理论[M]. 北京:北京大学出版社, 2000.[4] 周志刚, 丁秋楷, 阮丽娟. 创新网络中企业自主知识产权交互对创新绩效的影响[J]. 科技进步与对策, 2019, 36(21): 98-105.[5] WONG POH KAM. Singapore as an innovative city in east Asia: an explorative study of the perspectives of innovative industries[C]. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 2005.[6] MARYANN FELDMAN P, DAVID AUDRESTCH B.Innovation in cities: science-based diversity specialization and localized competition [J]. European Economic Review, 1999, 43(2): 409-429.[7] 迈克尔·波特, 国家竞争优势[M].北京: 华夏出版社, 2012.[8] 周锐波, 刘叶子, 杨卓文. 中国城市创新能力的时空演化及溢出效应[J]. 经济地理, 2019,39(4):85-92.[9] JAMES SIMMIE.Innovative cities [M]. London /New York, Spon Press, 2001.[10] 龚维进, 倪鹏飞, 徐海东. 经济竞争力影响因素的空间外溢效应及其溢出带宽——基于中国285个城市的空间计量分析[J]. 南京社会科学, 2019,30(9):23-30.[11] FLORIDA R.Cities and the creative class [M]. New York: Routledge, 2004.[12] THE GOVERNMENT OF HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION.A study on hong kong creativity index[R].Hong Kong:Home Affairs Bureau, 2004.[13] 中国国家科技部.国科发体[2010]155号:《科学技术部关于进一步推进创新型城市试点工作的指导意见》[EB/OL].[2010-04-06].http://www.most.gov.cn/tztg/201004/t20100415_76787.htm.[14] 张旺, 刘平峰, 周鑫. 基于技术成就指数城市创新能力系统协同度研究——以北京市为例[J]. 北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版), 2019,21(3):62-70.[15] PETER HAL. The future of cities [J]. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 1999(23): 174-185.[16] HOSPERS G J. Creative cities in Europe [J]. Intere-conomics, 2003, 38(5): 260-269.[17] 甘辉. 重庆市对外人才合作中的政府行为研究[D]. 重庆:重庆大学, 2008.[18] 倪鹏飞, 白晶, 杨旭. 城市创新系统的关键因素及其影响机制——基于全球436个城市数据的结构化方程模型[J]. 中国工业经济, 2011,29(2): 16-25. [19] 于晓宇, 谢富纪. 基于DEA-Tobit的区域创新系统资源配置优化策略研究[J]. 研究与发展管理, 2011,23(1):1-10.[20] 徐苑琳. 创新型城市建设促进城市产业升级研究[J]. 技术经济与管理研究, 2020(11):110-114.[21] ABADIE A, A DIAMOND, J HAINMUELLER. Synthetic control methods for comparative case studies: estimating the effect of california's tobacco control program [J]. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 2010, 105(490): 493-505.[22] 刘甲炎,范子英. 中国房产税试点的效果评估:基于合成控制法的研究[J]. 世界经济, 2013,38(11): 117-135.[23] BATINI N, LAXTON D. Under what conditions can inflation targeting be adopted: the experience of emerging markets [J]. Documentos de Trabajo (Banco Central de Chile), 2006 (406): 1.[24] GONCALVES C E S, SALLES J M..Inflation targeting in emerging economies: what do the data say [J]. Journal of Development Economics, 2007, 85(1): 312-318. [25] LIN S, YE H. Does inflation targeting make a difference in developing countries [J]. Journal of Development Economics, 2009, 89(1): 118-123.[26] 苏治,胡迪. 通货膨胀目标制是否有效——来自合成控制法的新证据[J]. 经济研究, 2015,61(6): 74-88.[27] 易信,刘凤良. 金融发展、技术创新与产业结构转型——多部门内生增长理论分析框架[J]. 管理世界, 2015, 265(10):32-47,98.[28] 袁航,朱承亮.智慧城市是否加速了城市创新[J]. 中国软科学,2020,35(12):75-84.[29] 韩璐,陈松,梁玲玲.数字经济、创新环境与城市创新能力[J].科研管理,2021,42(4):35-45.[30] GELMAN A, IMBENS G. Why high-order polynomials should not be used in regression discontinuity designs [J]. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 2019, 37(3): 447-456.[31] 黄永春,姚远虎,徐军海,等.规模扩张还是产品研发——创业资助对新生企业家创业导向的影响[J].科学学研究,2020,38(2):296-305. |
|
|
|