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| Intra-industry and Inter-industry Path Inspection of ODI Reverse Technology Spillove：Based on the Grafting of Spatial Econometrics Methods |
| Xia Ming1,2 |
| （1.Yangtze River Delta Economics and Social Development Research Center,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China;2.Jiangxi Economic Development and Reform Research Institute,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang 330013,China) |
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Abstract In the case of low-end lock-in of FDI technology spillover and technology blockade implemented by developed countries, ODI that takes the initiative to go abroad has become an increasingly important way for China to actively obtain advanced technology and take the path of innovation driven and high-quality development. The role of ODI in promoting the technological progress of the home country is mainly achieved through reverse technology spillover. The mechanism path of ODI reverse technology spillover can generally be divided into three levels: enterprise level, intra-industry level and inter-industry level. At present, many empirical tests and theoretical analysis of mechanism paths have been carried out on ODI reverse technology spillovers at the enterprise level at home and abroad, while for the intra-industry and inter-industry levels, most of them are theoretical analyses that stay on the mechanism path, and few are aimed at empirical tests of the two-level mechanism pathway. In view of this, the article creatively introduces the idea of spatial correlation in spatial econometrics, constructs a spatial weight matrix that reflects the interconnection between enterprises in the same industry and reflects the interconnection between industries, and establishes a spatial Dubin model taking the manufacturing industry as an example to empirically test the intra-industry and inter-industry paths. This study makes the pioneering innovation in the method and thinking,and it is the first to make empirical test on the theoretical intra-industry and inter-industry paths.#br#In terms of the intra-industry path inspection, according to the "0-1" setting method of the spatial weight matrix, the spatial correlation weight between different enterprises in the same industry is set to 1, and the spatial correlation weight between enterprises in different industries is set to 0. The variable data in the econometric model mainly comes from the database of listed companies. The test on the intra-industry path shows that the total factor productivity of enterprises will be affected by the ODI activities of other enterprises in the same industry. After the enterprises in the industry promote their own technological progress through ODI, they also promote other enterprises in the same industry through various competition and cooperation relationships between enterprises. The intra-industry path is thus validated.#br#In terms of inter-industry path, the average value of direct or complete consumption coefficient between any two industries in the input-output table over the years is used as the average direct or complete consumption coefficient between the two industries in the whole sample period. The correlation between industries is measured by the product of the average direct or complete consumption coefficients of each other, as an element in the weight matrix. The empirical test is based on the international R&D spillover model, namely the C-H-L-P model. Research shows that after promoting the technological progress of the industry themselves through ODI, various manufacturing industries in China have played a role in promoting the technological progress and productivity improvement of other related industries through the forward and backward industrial linkages between industries, and the inter-industry path under the complete industry correlation is more obvious. The inter-industry path is thus validated. #br#From the perspective of the intra-industry path, it is essential to further accelerate the construction of a fair, standardized, competitive and orderly market system, promote the optimal allocation of resources, full competition among enterprises and research and development cooperation and technical exchanges between peer enterprises, and actively build industry technology research and development alliances, all of which can help to play the role of the intra-industry path for ODI reverse technology spillover. From the perspective of inter-industry paths, it is significant to actively promote industrial integration and industrial digital development, strengthen inter-industry connections, promote inter-industry technology, information sharing and the construction of inter-industry technical cooperation mechanisms and cross-industry technology platforms, accelerate the breaking of market segmentation and regional barriers, actively build a domestic big cycle, extend and optimize the industrial chain. These measures can help to play the role of the inter-industry path for ODI reverse technology spillover.#br#
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Received: 12 August 2021
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