|
|
|
| Entrepreneurial Process of Scientists Based on Grounded Theory in the Context of Scientific Business |
| Xu Shibo1,2,Zhong Weijun1 |
| (1.School of Economics and Management, Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China;2.Torch High-tech Industry Development Center, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100045, China) |
|
|
|
|
Abstract At present, entrepreneurial economy has become one of the mainstream economic engines.Entrepreneurship has become a research hot spot in academic circles, and entrepreneurship research themes and perspectives emerge one after another. Among them, scientist entrepreneurship has become a hot spot in theory and practice. New technological change leads to the emergence of new paradigms, the boundary between science and technology is blurred, and there can be a direct transformation relationship between science and industry. The major breakthrough of basic science is of revolutionary significance for industrial development. Due to the deep participation of scientists and their teams, basic research and applied research show a stronger linkage effect in industrial innovation. Many scholars also put forward that scientists' participation in entrepreneurship is an important form to promote the commercialization of basic research results. Scientists and their research teams who master core scientific and technological achievements should become the "crown" of technological entrepreneurship and quickly transform advanced scientific and technological achievements into productivity. However, at this stage, the conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements is still low, and it is often very difficult for a large number of scientists to participate in technological entrepreneurship. How to cross the "valley of death" has become an important research proposition. Based on the existing research literature, it is necessary to refine the research perspective, divide the entrepreneurship research problems into research under different scenarios, and further study the unique behavior in technology entrepreneurship activities, so as to truly grasp the growth law of technology entrepreneurship enterprises. At present, there is rare research directly focusing on the entrepreneurial process of scientists in the context of science and business. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the general law of scientist entrepreneurial process.#br#This paper focuses on the law of scientist entrepreneurial process in the context of science and business, carries out open coding, spindle coding and selective coding of sample data through grounded theory, analyzes and constructs scientist entrepreneurial process model, and gradually excavates the law and mechanism of scientist entrepreneurial process in the context of science and business. As the listed companies on the technology innovation board gather high-quality technology companies, many founders have the dual identities of academics and entrepreneurship. According to the four principles, this paper selects 24 companies on the science and innovation board as analysis cases, collects detailed interview materials, reports and authoritative reports related to the founders of listed companies, and forms a large number of first-hand data as a data source for grounded theoretical analysis. Finally, a complete scientist entrepreneurial process model is established, and the entrepreneurial process is divided into three stages: entrepreneurial foundation, organizational generation and growth performance, including seven key elements.#br#The results show that the formation of scientist entrepreneurial organizations involves four core links: opportunity identification and acquisition, innovation activities, corporate governance and market development. Scientist entrepreneurship has a strong preference for technological innovation, and the advantage of scientist entrepreneurship resource endowment is stronger than that of general entrepreneurship. The entrepreneurial process of scientists is accompanied by the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. The formation of entrepreneurial organizations and modern corporate governance are the key to the success of scientist entrepreneurship, in which development strategy and capital financing play a key role.#br#The innovation and theoretical contribution of this paper lies in the first construction of a model of scientist entrepreneurial process, and it divides scientist entrepreneurial process into three stages: entrepreneurial foundation, organizational generation and growth performance, with a total of seven key elements, i.e. scientific and technological achievements, entrepreneurial willingness, institutional environment, technological endowment, entrepreneurial quality, value amplification and entrepreneurial performance. These elements can help scientists and entrepreneurs better understand the law of entrepreneurial activities and improve the success rate of entrepreneurship.#br#Based on the above conclusions, this paper combines with the characteristics of accelerating the integration of science and commerce to put forward the following policy suggestions. First, with the continuous deepening of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation", scientist entrepreneurship has become a new path to promote the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. The government should attach great importance to scientist entrepreneurship, build a number of scientist entrepreneurship service platforms around the field of future industrial competitiveness, and provide funds, talents and entrepreneurship platform support for scientists willing to start a business. Second, the institutional environment is an important external factor restricting scientist entrepreneurship which is up against more institutional constraints, especially in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Government departments should issue policies to create a good entrepreneurial environment for scientists. Third, in the formation of scientist entrepreneurial organizations, entrepreneurial quality is the key to the success or failure of entrepreneurship. The government should provide targeted training and counseling services for scientists by carrying out entrepreneurship training camps for high-end scientific and technological talents, so as to help scientists improve the success rate of entrepreneurship.#br#
|
|
Received: 23 February 2021
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [1] 陈娟，张菲菲，杨雪怡.区域创业、空间溢出与经济增长效应研究[J].科技进步与对策，2020，37（8）：44-50.[2] RAE D, CARSWELL M.Towards a conceptual understanding of entrepreneurial learning[J].Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,2001,8(2):150-158.[3] 赵中建.将学术科学转变为经济引擎——美国创新创业型大学的兴起[J].全球教育展望，2016，45（5）：68-76.[4] CANTILLON R.The circulation and exchange of good and merchandise[M]//Casson M.Entrepreneurship.Hants UK:Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.,1990:5-10.[5] SAY J B.A treatise on political economy or the production,distribution and consumption of wealth[M].New York:A.M.Kelley Publishers,1803.[6] SCHUMPETER J A.Business cycles:a theoretical,historical and statistical analysis of the capitalist process [M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1939.[7] BAUMOL W J.Formal entrepreneurship theory in economics:existence and bounds[J].Journal of Business Venturing,1993,8(3):197-210.[8] GARTNER W B.Who is an entrepreneur?is the wrong question[J].American Journal of Small Business,1988,12(4):11-32.[9] LOW M B,MACMILLAN I C. Entrepreneurship:past research and future directions[J].Journal of Management,1988,14(2):139-161.[10] GARTNER W B.A conceptual framework for describing the phenomenon of new venture creation[J].Academy of Management Review,1985, 10(4): 696-706.[11] GARTER W B,BIRD B J,STARR J A. Acting as if:differentiating entrepreneurial from organizational behavior[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,1992,16(3):13-31.[12] BIRD B J. The operation of intentions in time:the emergence of the new venture[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,1992,17(1):11-20.[13] BARON R A.The cognitive perspective:a valuable tool for answering entrepreneur's basic "why" questions[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2004,19(2):221-239.[14] BIRD B,SCHJOEDT L,BAUM R.Editor's introduction.entrepreneurs'behavior:elucidation and measurement[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practic,2002,36(5):889-913.[15] MITCHELL R K.The central question in entrepreneurial cognition research[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practic,2007,31(1):1-27.[16] CHANDLER G,LYON D.Issues of research design and construct measurement in entrepreneurship research:the past decade[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practic,2001,25(4):101-113.[17] PHILLIP H PHAN,MAW DER FOO.Technological entrepreneurship in emerging regions[J].Journal of business Venturing,2004,19(1):1-5.[18] EISENHARDT K M,SCHOONHOVEN C B.Organizational growth:linking founding team,strategy,environment,and growth among U.S.semiconductor ventures,1978-1988[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35(3):504-529.[19] FEESER H R,WILLARD G.Founding strategy and performance:a comparison of high and low growth high tech firms[J].Strategic Management Journal,1990,11(2):87-98.[20] MAHONEY J T,PANDIAN J R. The resource-based view within the conversation of strategic management[J]. Strategic Management Journal，1992,13(5)：363-380.[21] 田莉，池军.基于过程视角下的技术创业研究：兴起、独特性及最新探索[J].技术经济与管理研究，2009（6）：31-36.[22] 彭学兵，张钢.技术创业与技术创新研究[J].科技进步与对策，2010,27（3）：15-19.[23] 刘沁玲.高校创新型创业人才开发的模型设计[J].学术论坛，2012,35（9）：191-194.[24] 石韵珞，程源.创业者制度认知对新技术采用的影响及政府关系的调节作用——基于全球创业观察的实证研究[J].技术经济，2019，38（5）：87-94.[25] 马强.浅论科学与技术的关系[J].陕西师范大学学报（自然科学版），2011,25（6）：105-106.[26] PISANO G P. Science business:the promise,the reality,and the future of biotech[M]. New York:Harvard Business Press，2006:5-8.[27] 李天柱，银路,苗仁涛，等.“科学商业”与“接力创新”研究——基于生物制药[J].科学学研究，2012,30（12）：1881-1890.[28] 张庆芝，李慧聪,雷家骕.科学家参与学术创业的程度及对成果商业化的影响[J].技术经济与管理研究，2018,39（3）：55-58.[29] JAIN S,GEORGE G,MALTATARICH M.Academic or entrepreneurs investigating role identity modification of university scientists involved in commercialization activity[J].Research Policy,2009,38(6):922-935.[30] 凯西·卡麦兹.建构扎根理论-质性研究实践指南[M].边国英，译.重庆:重庆大学出版社,2009.[31] 范培华，高丽,候明君.扎根理论在中国本土管理研究中的运用现状与展望[J].管理学报，2017，14（9）：1274-1282.[32] KRUEGER N F. The Impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility and desirability[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice，1993,18(1)：1042-2587.[33] SIMON M,HOUGHTON S M,AQUINO K.Cognitive biases,risk perception,and venture formation:how individuals decide to start companies[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2000,15(2):113-134.[34] BUSENITZ L,BARNEY J.Entrepreneurs and managers in large organizations:biases and heuristics in strategic decision-making[J].Journal of Business Venturing,1997,12(1):9-30.[35] BARON R A.The role of affect in the entrepreneurial process[J].Academy of Management Review,2008,33(2):328-340.[36] SCOTT SHANE,VENKATARAMAN S.Guest editors' introduction to the specialissue on technology entrepreneurship[J].Research Policy,2003,32(2):181-184.[37] 张钢，彭学兵.创业政策对技术创业影响的实证研究[J].科研管理，2008,29（5）：60-67.[38] SHANE S,VENKATARAMAN S.The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research[J].Academy of Management Review,2000,25(1):217-226.[39] ARDICHVILI A,CARDOZO R,RAY S. A Theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2003,18(1):105-123. |
|
|
|
