• Home| About Journal| Instruction| Editorial Board| Director| Advertisement| | Subscribe | Contact Us| 中文
InformationMore
Hot ArticleMore
Online Journal
The official WeChat
QQ Group
Group 1(Has been filled with）:209477643
Group 2(Has been filled with）:2425732
Group 3(To join):209477886
Apply to join: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY
Quick Search  
  Advanced Search
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY
 
2024 Vol.41 Issue.6
Published 2024-03-25
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
Industrial Technological Progress
Enterprise Innovation Management
Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
Context-Driven Innovation Column
Context-Driven Innovation Column
1 The Manners and Paths of Context-driven User Innovation in the Internet of Things Environment
Zhang Fan,He Jiaxun
With the widespread adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and smart devices, contextual marketing has emerged as a novel business model that dynamically stimulates customers' underlying needs, thereby fostering firm innovation. The IoT serves as a critical means to achieve a profound integration of technology and consumption context. With the advancement of the IoT, marketing has been transitioned from the traditional online-offline mode to a co-constructive context, where the digitalization of context drives industry digitalization, consequently influencing changes in the industrial chain and facilitating industry ecological reform. The iterative innovation of technology has resulted in a more diverse competitive environment. The ability to rapidly meet customer needs has emerged as a new focal point of competition. Intensifying market competition compels firms to redirect their R&D investments towards engaging users in active innovation, and thus the user innovation mode has become the primary driving force behind enhancing firms' innovation output.#br#Several scholars have acknowledged the impact of context innovation on consumer behavior and the significant role of users in context-driven innovation models. They have also recognized that customers, in turn, can drive the innovation of technology and business models for firms within a context-driven innovation framework. Various concepts such as value co-creation, product development tools, and service-dominant logic regarding user innovation have been proposed, but specific manners of user innovation and contribution have not been thoroughly discussed. In practice, researchers have focused more on the impact of user innovation on product development and the establishment of user innovation platforms, but have not extensively explored the specific implementation pathways. Therefore, given the fact that users play a crucial role as a significant source for firms to gain sustainable innovation advantages, stimulating user participation in innovation has become a pressing issue in firm innovation management. This holds particularly true in the context of the IoT where the exploration of how consumption context drives user innovation and, in turn, stimulates firm innovation deserves considerable attention.#br#This study aims to explore how users generate new consumer demands and create value with firms driven by consumption context. According to context theory and user innovation theory, this paper takes the scene-brand Casarte as the sample case and uses the data processing program of grounded theory to theorize the manners of user innovation driven by context and its generation path. The findings reveal that the consumption context encompasses physical elements, technological elements, humanistic elements, and relational elements. Users engage in innovation within different types of consumption contexts through activities such as bridging expected demands, breaking consumption inertia, transforming emotions, generating experiential data, and integrating customer knowledge. The context-driven user innovation path follows a closed-loop trajectory characterized by dynamic changes and cyclic iterations. It is shaped by the interplay of contextual elements and driven by both natural and human forces.#br#This paper establishes a preliminary foundation for contextual marketing as a means to stimulate user innovation and create value. It offers insights into context interaction and user demand mining in contextual marketing strategies, thereby fostering firm innovation. The theoretical contribution of this paper lies in the consolidation of the elements and types of consumption contexts, which extends the concept of the "five context forces" proposed by Scoble and incorporates the four elements of context proposed by Peng Lan. This enriches the research outcomes on context marketing in the IoT environment. With the refinement of the manners and paths of context-driven user innovation, it provides valuable insights for researchers to gain a deeper understanding of the harmonious management state of firm and customer collaboration in creating value within the IoT environment.#br#This paper also offers practical implications for practitioners. First, firms should prioritize the construction of contextual elements in contextual marketing. Second, it is crucial to harness the wisdom of users and stimulate their inspiration to promote innovation for firms. Third, firms should leverage advanced context analysis technologies to precisely assess user needs and make corresponding adjustments.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (6): 1-10 [Abstract] ( 133 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1560KB] ( 198 )
11 The Growth and Evolution of Industrial Internet Platforms:A Case Study of Ningmengdou Platform
Wang Shuilian,Qian Penghao,Wang Jing
The fourth industrial revolution, characterized by digitization, networking and intelligence, has brought profound changes to the world. The industrial internet platform is the new digital economy in the industrial field, and it is an open, digital and professional service platform for the personalized, networked and intelligent development of manufacturing industry. The network effect is the core concept that must be considered in exploring the growth mechanism of industrial Internet platform. The research from the perspective of empowerment opens a door for exploring the growth of industrial Internet platforms based on complex network effects. The concept of empowerment, evolved from "empowerment" in the field of organizational behavior, emphasizes the ability of the target subject to acquire previously unavailable capabilities and create values that are difficult to achieve in the past. In the current research, there is still a gap between the exploration of network effects of industrial Internet platforms and practice, and some studies fail to deeply analyze the growth mechanism of industrial Internet platforms. The industrial Internet platform is deeply embedded in the industrial value network and innovation network, and leverages industrial innovation and sustainable development with the new generation of digital intelligence technology. #br#Following the dynamic capability theory, this paper associates the growth of industrial Internet platform with the scenarios. As the integration carrier of data resources and digital intelligence technology, the industrial Internet platform develops data resources to identify the nature of the scenarios, completes the resource integration according to the scenario requirements, and reconstructs the value creation logic through continuous innovation of the scenarios, so as to realize the continuous growth of the platform. In the context of industrial Internet platform, scenario empowerment focuses on the development of redundant data resources within specific scenarios, integrates heterogeneous distributed resources, and ultimately drives the platform to transform ecological value. In this paper, Ningmengdou, the industrial Internet platform, is selected as the object of case study. Then, the structural data analysis method is adopted to analyze the case, encode and abstract the original data, realize the analysis and induction of the theme, and finally extract the rigorous theoretical theme, forming a data structure composed of first-order constructs, second-order themes and third-order categories.#br#It is found that (1) the scenario empowerment of industrial Internet platform is driven by the needs of users on the platform, focusing on specific scenes to develop redundant data resources, integrating heterogeneous resources inside and outside the platform ecology, realizing resource sharing, knowledge transfer and digital collaboration, driving users' constant innovation, and leading the industrial upgrading and transition. (2) The development of the industrial Internet platform has gone through three stages: the proprietary platform within the industry, the open platform oriented by knowledge service and the ecosystem of platform business. The complexity of industrial Internet platform network effects lies in the fact that the platform is deeply embedded in the industrial value network and innovation network. Industrial Internet platforms generate a virtuous cycle of network effects in resource integration, technology integration, and cross-border innovation. The demand scenario of platform users facilitates resource aggregation, promotes resource sharing, and induces the same side network effect. As the resources in the industrial value network are mapped to the industrial Internet platform and become callable data resources, digital twinning generates richer scenarios and further drives the strengthening of network effects. (3) The essence of the growth and evolution of the industrial Internet platform is reflected in the interaction between the value creation process and the ecological construction process. The industry relevance of the industrial system determines the inevitable trend that the development of the industrial Internet platform changes from internal proprietary service to integrated open knowledge services. The constrained resources of platform enterprises and the rational characteristics of industrial Internet users' decision make the participants of platform ecosphere complementary and diversified. Diverse and complementary participants ultimately contribute to a symbiotic and win-win ecosystem. #br#This paper proposes the scenario empowerment and interaction mechanism of network effects during the growth and evolution of industrial Internet platforms, and explores how the Chinese industry Internet platforms help small and medium-sized enterprises digital transformation, which enriches the research context of network effects, and is of great significance for the theoretical development and practice promotion of organization evolution and governance.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (6): 11-20 [Abstract] ( 71 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1555KB] ( 119 )
21 Micro-innovation in the Scenarios of Quality Engineering Construction of Large-scale Engineering Projects
Yu Dengke,Wu Wenjun,Fei Lunlin,Xu Xiaoxiao
The investment and construction of large-scale infrastructure projects have played an increasingly important supporting and driving role in Chinese national economic development. However, problems such as low quality, safety accidents and schedule delay have occurred in some large-scale engineering project teams. Therefore, quality engineering construction has become an important part of the high-quality development of the engineering economy. As the starting point of quality engineering construction, micro-innovation has received more and more attention in the construction of large-scale engineering projects,but as a new concept in the field of engineering, its relevant research lags behind the development of practice, and the existing theoretical research is not insufficient. Therefore, from the perspective of scenario-driven innovation theory and case studies, this study aims to explore the elements, contents and strategies of micro-innovation in the quality engineering construction scenarios of large engineering projects, and promote the progress of the theoretical research on micro-innovation in large-scale engineering projects.#br#　　The study adopts the single case study method. First, it selects the expansion of the Nankang-Longnan section of the Daqing-Guangzhou Expressway in Jiangxi Province based on the three criteria of meeting the standards of large-scale engineering projects, conducting quality engineering construction practices, and achieving many achievements in micro-innovation. The engineering project (hereinafter referred to as the Daguang Expansion Project) is used as a case for exploratory research in this paper. Next, the first-hand data is obtained by means of field surveys and in-depth interviews. A large number of secondary data are supplemented by public literature and collection of internal project documents.#br#　　Three conclusions are drawn from the analysis. First, the micro-innovation system is driven by the scenarios of quality engineering construction, and the scenario elements include seven aspects: strategy, demand, subject, market, technology, resources and environment. Among them, the environment provides the bearing function in the scenario, the strategy and demand provide the driving function, the subject provides the organization, coordination and operation function, the technology and resources constitute the input, and the market plays the inspection function in the scenario. Second, in the scenario of quality engineering construction of large-scale engineering projects, the key content of micro-innovation activities focuses on three aspects including micro-innovation of design concepts, engineering technology, method and information micro-innovation, and management system micro-innovation. Finally, the experience of the Daguang Expansion Project highlights the importance of the top-level design of the micro-innovation systems and its scheme, the role of front-line teams and to the assessment and acceptance of project quality.#br#　　According to the needs of different micro-innovation for scenario elements, this paper summarizes seven elements into two categories: the first category is the driving elements that provide direction and motivation for the entire scenario, including strategy, environment, market and demand; the second category is the supporting elements that provide support for the functional realization of the entire scenario, including subjects, resources and technologies. The two types of scenario elements constitute two fields in the micro-innovation ecosystem, namely, the theoretical field of micro-innovation formed by the mutual traction and collaboration of driving elements, which provides strategic arrangement and guidance for the development of micro-innovation activities; and the practical field of micro-innovation formed by mutual combination and activation of supporting elements, which provides support for the project teams to carry out micro-innovation actions. Among them, in the micro-innovation ecosystem, the micro-innovation of project quality design concepts is supported by driving scenario elements, and the micro-innovation of project construction techniques and informatization is dominated by supporting scenario elements. While the micro-innovation of project management system needs to coordinate and penetrate the micro-innovation ecosystem, which will be affected by two types of scenario elements at the same time.#br#　　The innovation of this research lies in two aspects:first, as a new concept, micro-innovation has made its own new interpretation in the field of engineering; second, as an exploratory theoretical research project, the study explores the elements, contents and strategies of micro-innovation in the scenario of quality engineering construction of large-scale engineering projects from the perspective of case studies.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (6): 21-29 [Abstract] ( 58 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1326KB] ( 111 )
30 How Scenario-based Chain Empowers the Ecological Innovation of Manufacturing Business Models from the Perspective of the Evolution of the Dominant Logic of "Customers-Goods-Scenarios" : A Case Study of Foton
')" href="#"> Wang Fu,He Jiahua,Liu Junhua,Chang Qing
With the improvement of Chinese income levels and the rise of the Generation-Z consumer group, users have gradually changed from "conformity consumption" to "personality consumption" and then to "experience consumption". Especially with the gradual embedding of scenario elements in the manufacturing industry, the automotive industry extends the supply chain forward to form a scenario-based chain of "car manufacturing—car buying—car using—car-replacing" . A scenario-based chain can not only realize the deep interaction between the supply chain and customers, provide customers with full-cycle, full-touch and full-scene services, but also enable users to reverse customization along the industrial chain and trigger a user immersion experience through scenario-based marketing. The present literature on scenario-based innovation in domestic manufacturing mainly focuses on five aspects: digital innovation, scenario-based chain innovation, consumer- expectation-driven innovation, multi-level driven innovation, and value co creation innovation. How to superimpose the scenario nodes and the manufacturing supply chain to meet the users' consumption demands, adjust to the users' consumption habits, cater to the users' consumption preferences, and make the manufacturing scenario chain move to both ends of the high value-added global value chain has become a hot issue on the academic frontier.#br#Therefore, this paper takes Foton as a study case, conducts a case study with programmed grounded analysis, and empowers the ecological innovation of the business model through the establishment of the scene chain of "car manufacturing (manufacturing)—car buying (selling) — car using (using)—car maintaining (maintaining) —car replacing (recycling)". In order to ensure the reliability and validity of the study, multiple methods are adopted to collect case enterprise data, including semi-structured interviews, on-site observation visits, and second-hand information collection from WIND database,the WeChat official account databases of Foton Auto, etc. The results indicated that, first, the value proposition focuses on product function values. Enterprises utilize supply chain information sharing to enable ecological innovation of business models through standardized configurations of scenarios, which is reflected as the dynamic capability from "perception ability to integration ability". Second, the value proposition focuses on service utility values. Enterprises utilize supply chain data mining to enable ecological innovation of business models through contextual personalized configuration of scenarios, which is reflected in the dynamic capability of "perception ability—integration ability—learning ability". Third, the value proposition focuses on the scenario experience values. Enterprises utilize the digital transformation of the supply chain to enable the ecological innovation of the business model through the scenarized dual path configuration, which is reflected as the dynamic ability of "perception ability—integration ability—learning ability—innovation ability". In conclusion, Foton realizes the three-dimensional value creation of "product function—service utility—scenario experience" through selective scenarized configurations based on supply chain information sharing, data mining and digital transformation, thus enabling ecological innovation of manufacturing business model. Then the dynamic value creation capability of the "scenario node —scenario node cluster —scenario chain" of "sar building (manufacturing) —car buying (selling) —car using (using) —car maintaining (maintaining) —car replacing(recycling)" is revealed, and the resilience of the supply chain is therefrom strengthened.#br#By building a scenario-based chain to organically link the supply chain with the business model, this paper discusses how the scenario-based chain empowers the ecological innovation of the manufacturing business model from the perspective of the evolution of the dominant logic of " customers-goods-scenes ". At the same time, it is pointed out that in the era of scenarios, in order to better meet the diversified and personalized consumption expectations and needs of users, enterprises should actively mix products and services with real-life scenarios, make innovation of the business model of the extended backward service market through "information sharing-data mining-digital transformation", and integrate products, users and scenarios with the help of "supply chain—value chain—scenario—based chain ", so as to promote the upward development of the smile curve of the automobile industry, and empower the ecological innovation of the manufacturing business model through the creation of added value.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (6): 30-39 [Abstract] ( 50 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1847KB] ( 154 )
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
40 The Substitution-complementary Effect of Technology Spillovers from Trade Goods and Basic Scientific Research
Xie Huiying,Liu Hang,Zhang Yuwei
China is ramping up efforts to promote scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement through basic scientific research. The current theoretical exploration of economic performance in basic research is inefficient in two aspects. Firstly, basic research and applied research are taken as two parallel types without analysis based on the innovation value chain. Secondly, basic research is often viewed under closed economic conditions, while in practice, applied research departments can choose to collaborate with domestic basic research departments upstream and downstream to produce innovative results, or gain cross-border knowledge spillovers from imports and exports. Since the focus of comprehensive national strength competition shifts towards basic research, and open innovation becomes a mainstream innovation model, the traditional research on innovation practice has limited explanatory power. It is necessary and of practical value to combine these two questions to explore if there is a substitute or complementary relationship between the positive externalities of technology from trade goods and domestic basic scientific research.#br#　　This paper uses cross-country panel data to empirically analyze the impact of basic research input on TFP and the regulatory effect of trade opening on the transformation process of basic scientific achievements. It is confirmed that (1) capital investment in basic research has a significant positive impact on TFP growth. Basic scientific research is one of the fundamental driving forces of a country's connotative economic growth. Trade openness has a significant negative moderation effect on this process, that is, there is a certain substitution relationship between the implicit flow of technology from trade goods and basic research achievements. (2) In the process of promoting TFP through basic research input, applied research output (patent density) plays a key mediation effect, that is, basic scientific achievements need to be transformed downward along the innovation value chain to drive economic growth. (3) In the moderation mechanism by which basic research investment enhances TFP by increasing patent density, trade opening has a significant negative mediated moderation effect on the first stage, but no impact on the second stage. That is, the substitution relationship between trade opening and basic research investment mainly exists in the application stage of basic research results. If the application research department excessively relies on external innovation resources, the efficiency of applied research based on basic research results may be lost. (4) Improving the business environment will help to weaken the substitution effect of the implied flow of technology in trade goods and basic research, but it is mainly reflected in the first stage of the mediation mechanism, that is, the higher the business environment index, the more conducive it is to realizing the synergy between international technology spillovers and domestic basic research to promote patent output.#br#　　Compared with the existing research, this paper is more forward-looking, proposing to place basic research in the context of open innovation. Faced with the complex and volatile international economic and trade situation, China's absorption of technology spillovers from foreign trade is being narrowed. This paper analyzes this issue from the perspective of innovation value chain, and explores the substitution relationship between domestic basic research achievements and technology spillovers of trade goods in supplying the applied research departments together, as well as their impact on TFP. By integrating the similarities between the characteristics of basic research in terms of fundamentality, knowledge commonness and accumulation and the technology spillovers of tradable goods in the innovation value chain analysis, it explains the heterogeneity of economic performance of basic research from a broader perspective. #br#　　At this stage, China is in the process of building a modern country. It is urgent to explore a new mode and path of innovative development with the help of high-level opening up. On the one hand, China should improve the quality of basic research and promote differentiated competition with its foreign counterparts. On the other hand, it is critical to expand the integration and innovation functions of the open platform to tap potential trade, and deeply optimize the open innovation ecology.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (6): 40-51 [Abstract] ( 58 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1704KB] ( 115 )
52 From Academician to Entrepreneur: The Entrepreneurial Models of Scientists in the Framework of Opportunity-resource Integration
Zhao Chen,Wang Gefei,Zhou Jinlai
Breakthroughs in key and core technologies under the new-type system of national mobilization require scientists not only to make scientific and technological achievements but also to promote the implementation of scientific and technological achievements in industries and transform them into productivity. Therefore, there is an urgent need to set up science-based innovation and entrepreneurship models to promote scientific breakthroughs in the field of cutting-edge technology; and scientists need to devote themselves to science-based innovation and entrepreneurship, for the enterprises they build could promote industrial evolution, transform scientific achievements into scientific innovation products, and clear science and technology bottlenecks. However, the separation between scientific entrepreneurship opportunities and resources makes scientists′ entrepreneurship vulnerable to failure. In the case of a high failure rate of transformation of scientific achievements, a model with focus on the innovation paradigm based on science has emerged. The research on scientists' entrepreneurship is still at the stage of theoretical conception, and there is no detailed analysis of this phenomenon. The question of what actions scientists should take in the process of entrepreneurship to transform scientific discoveries into commercial achievements has not been well answered.#br#　　In this study, the scientific and technological enterprises founded by two scientists and successfully transformed are selected as research cases. The qualitative data such as interviews, news and enterprise annual reports related to the transformation and entrepreneurship processes of the scientists is collected and coded to extract relevant concepts, clarify their logical relationship, sort out the specific actions of the two entrepreneurs in the commercialization of scientific achievements, and build the entrepreneurial process model of two enterprise cases with the action as the clue. Through the method of comparative analysis of two cases, based on the framework of opportunity-resource integration, this paper combs the similarities and differences of the integration mechanism of opportunity resources in the entrepreneurial process of the two companies from the perspective of actors. It is found that the external factors and internal capacity factors of start-ups jointly affect the entrepreneurs' choice of entrepreneurial opportunities, and then affect the focus of the strategic choice of subsequent opportunity resource integration. The process of opportunity discovery will enable enterprises to focus on the external integration of opportunities and resources, while the process of opportunity creation will enable enterprises to focus on the internal integration of opportunities and resources. Different sources of opportunities will indirectly affect the requirements of key entrepreneurial capabilities by influencing the focus of resource opportunity integration, and the development of corresponding key capabilities will bring different advantages. Further, a theoretical model of entrepreneurial opportunity identification path and strategic synergy of opportunity resource integration is constructed, and the entrepreneurial model of scientists based on opportunity discovery and the entrepreneurial model of scientists based on opportunity creation are summarized, and corresponding suggestions are put forward for entrepreneurs of the two different models.#br#　　In summary, the study starts from the perspective of actors, and pays attention to the action level of scientists. By taking the creation and discovery of opportunities as different behavioral choices, the contradiction between the two perspectives of opportunity discovery and opportunity creation is alleviated, and a complete framework is provided based on the framework of opportunity-resource integration. This study focuses on the scientific entrepreneurship model among the three scientific entrepreneurship models to provide evidence-based support. The perspectives of opportunity and opportunity resource integration are introduced into scientific innovation research, promoting the theoretical dialogue between scientific entrepreneurship research and traditional entrepreneurship research, and providing a new perspective for the development of scientific innovation research. By summarizing the discover-driven entrepreneurial model and the creation-driven entrepreneurial model, it provides a systematic guiding ideology for scientists and entrepreneurs to "start a business for the country",and puts forward specific suggestions for scientists to transform and practice scientific entrepreneurship from the perspective of actors.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (6): 52-62 [Abstract] ( 44 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1503KB] ( 140 )
63 The Impact of Innovation Infrastructure on High-Quality Economic Development: the Perspective of Synergy Effect
Tang Lingling,Feng Hua
The Chinese government highlights high-quality development in building a modern socialist country in an all-round way, but the current issue of uneven and uncoordinated regional development is prominent. How to promote the overall high-quality development of the economy has become a common concern of the government and academia. At present, the improvement of total factor productivity has become a driving force for high-quality economic development. As the carrier of innovation activities, innovation infrastructure is the basic support for the improvement of total factor productivity and provides a material guarantee for the complete link of the innovation chain. Against the backdrop of China's unbalanced regional economic high-quality development, it is of great practical significance to analyze the impact of innovation infrastructure synergy on high-quality development, and find the measures for promoting high-quality development and narrowing the regional gap through collaborative agglomeration of innovative infrastructure in practice. #br#　　Most recent studies have focused on the impact of a single dimension of innovation infrastructure on high-quality development, and paid insufficient attention to the synergy effect. This study centers around innovation infrastructure synergies. Since innovative infrastructure has spatial effects, and in order to analyze the spatial spillover effects of innovative infrastructure on high-quality economic development, this study takes the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020 to construct a spatial econometric model to empirically analyze the relationship between the innovation infrastructure synergy effect and high-quality development. It further constructs a spatial mediating effect model to test the mechanism of innovation infrastructure synergy affecting high-quality development. Meanwhile, this paper analyzes the heterogeneous impact of economic development stage and region using the spatial econometric model.#br#　　The result shows that except for R&D institutions of industrial enterprises, innovation infrastructure has significantly promoted the level of China's high-quality development, accounting for 22.23% of the overall increase in high-quality level from 2011 to 2020. Among them, the contribution shares of innovation infrastructure synergy, commercial service institutions, universities and research institutions, and agglomeration of manufacturing enterprises to high-quality development are 11.11%, 27.78%, 5.56%, and -22.22%, respectively. From the perspective of spatial effect decomposition, the improvement of China's high-quality economic development level mainly relies on spatial spillover (accounting for 93.63%), while the promotion of direct effect is relatively small (accounting for 6.37%). The innovation effect, knowledge spillover effect, structure effect, resource allocation effect and environment effect all play a mediating role in the synergistic impact of innovation infrastructure on high-quality economic development. Heterogeneity analysis shows that there are significant structural differences in the impact of innovation infrastructure and its synergistic effects on high-quality development in terms of economic development stages and regions.#br#　　The innovations in this paper are as follows. First, from a theoretical perspective, this paper makes a deep analysis of the mechanism of innovation infrastructure synergy effect affecting high-quality development, which provides a theoretical basis for leveraging the facility synergy effect to promote high-quality development; second,from an empirical perspective, it empirically tests the degree and heterogeneity of the impact of China's innovation infrastructure synergy on high-quality development, and measures the contribution of China's innovation infrastructure during the sample period.#br#From a practical perspective, this paper puts forward the following suggestions. (1) The government should make more efforts to promote innovative infrastructure synergy in the central and western regions, and effectively play the role of innovative infrastructure synergy in promoting high-quality development. (2) It is essential to optimize the layout of innovation infrastructure according to local conditions. The eastern region should strive to improve the professional level of commercial service institutions; the central region should strengthen the construction of commercial service institutions, encourage university-institution-industry cooperation, and guide industrial enterprise research and development institutions to increase research and development investment; the western region should actively attract innovative enterprises and promote the agglomeration of manufacturing enterprises. (3) Different regions should optimize transmission channels according to local conditions. The eastern region should accelerate the construction of integrated factor trading platforms, the central region should fully leverage the advantages of industrial structure to promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, and the western region should focus on enhancing the construction of innovation infrastructure, and optimizing the innovation environment.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (6): 63-74 [Abstract] ( 81 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1484KB] ( 126 )
Industrial Technological Progress
75 The Integration and Development of Innovation Chain and Industrial Chain from the Perspective of Technology Patent
Chen Yingwu,Zheng Jianghuai,Wang Jiajie,Ran Zheng,Zhang Rui
The integrated development of the industrial chain and the innovation chain is of great significance for China to achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance. For a long time, research on the integrated development of the innovation chain and industrial chain has generally stayed at the macro level, the industry level, or a specific link of the industrial chain innovation chain, and thus the specific level of their integration, especially the integration within and between industries is obscure.#br#　　On the basis of the patent data in PATSTAT database and China's classification of strategic emerging industries, this study builds a more scientific and reasonable double-strand fusion index system from three perspectives: innovation basic ability, intra-industry innovation network and inter-industry innovation network, and explores how innovation chain and industrial chain are integrated and the specific level of integration development from the micro level to find out the deep-seated mechanism and law of double-strand fusion development more clearly. In this paper, the reference table of strategic emerging industry classification and international patent classification (2021) (Trial) issued by the China National Intellectual Property Administration is used to construct the industrial patent matching data, and the industrial classification code is related to the patent through the patent IPC mapping relationship in PATSTAT, and it is used as the basic data for subsequent research.　　A detailed comparison between China and some OECD countries' industrial chains and innovation chains' integration is made by first analyzing the innovation basic capability index, intra-industry innovation network index and inter-industry innovation network index, and then the development index of double-chain integration of various economies. It is found that, in terms of innovation basic capability index, China has caught up with the OECD average level and is slightly higher than the United States, Japan and South Korea, but significantly lower than Germany; in terms of intra-industry innovation network index, China has achieved a great leap, but it is still lower than the United States and Germany; in terms of inter-industry innovation network index, China has risen rapidly, surpassing the average level of OECD, and now it is only behind the United States (but with a big gap) and slightly higher than Japan; in terms of integration index, it is very close to Germany at present, slightly higher than the average level of Japan, South Korea and OECD, but the gap with the United States is obvious. On the whole, the level of China's double-stranded integrated index has been greatly improved in the past 30 years. At present, it is comparable to Japan, higher than the average level of South Korea and the OECD, but still lags behind the United States and Germany. There are still some gaps compared with the global leading levels in some fields, and deficiencies in the construction of intra-industry technology networks and inter-industry technology interaction. The development of double-stranded integration faces risks including intermediate sources, middle income traps, export channels, internal circulation systems and value chain dominance.　　#br#　　In order to accelerate inter-industry and intra-industry integration and innovation and jointly promote the integration and development of the industrial chain in the innovation chain, it is first of all essential to focus on key technologies in core fields, enhance the control of the commanding heights of the double chain,strengthen the research of cutting-edge technology, promote future industrial development, and build an efficient industry-university-research cooperation platform to give full play to the functions of resource integration and achievement transformation. Second, efforts should be made to promote inter-industry integration and innovation, guide the industrial chain to drive the development of the innovation chain, strengthen cross-industry technology integration and innovation, further promote the development of "manufacturing+service" integration, and the organic integration of new elements and traditional elements. Third, it is necessary to promote complementary innovation among regions and the supporting role of the innovation chain in the industrial chain, handle the relationship between regional layout and regional coordination, inter-industry and intra-industry, formulate innovation policies focusing on technology clusters for different regions, and form a multi-dimensional, three-dimensional and complementary technological innovation pattern between regions, industries and intra-industries.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (6): 75-85 [Abstract] ( 75 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1784KB] ( 159 )
86 Evaluation of Ecological Dominance of Leading-chain Enterprises in the Industrial Chain Based on Grounded Theory:A Scale Development
Ji Yingdong,Zhao Ming,Zhao Wen
Entering the chain era, market competition has expanded from individual enterprises to the industrial chain. The system of leading-chain enterprises has been implemented across China to select enterprises with strong innovation capability. Leading-chain enterprises play a vital role in promoting industrial innovation and development, integrating industrial chain resources, and driving the coordinated development of industrial chain enterprises, and they present strong ecological dominance which refers to the influence, control and leading power of an enterprise in its industrial ecology. The 14th Five-Year Plan has emphasized the necessity to build leading-chain enterprises with ecological dominance and core competitiveness, and give full play to their role models in the industrial and supply chains. In order to give full play to the leading role of leading-chain enterprises, it is essential to make an accurate evaluation of the ecological dominance of leading-chain enterprises first. However, at present, compared with the strategic requirements of the state on upgrading the modernization level of the industrial chain through the main working mechanism of the industrial chain, and the practical exploration of enterprises to promote the coordination of the industrial chain, the evaluation research on the ecological dominance of leading-chain enterprises is still relatively lagging behind. Therefore, this paper selects the main enterprises of the high-end equipment manufacturing industry chain and the aluminum magnesium deep-processing industry chain and their related enterprises in Shanxi province as the research objects, carries out exploratory research by the grounded theory method, and extracts the evaluation index system of the ecological dominance of the main enterprises through coding from three aspects: leading ability in technological innovation, ability in industrial cooperation and integration, and ability to lead industry development. Meanwhile, the corresponding measurement scale is developed to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the evaluation and cultivation of the ecological dominance of the leading-chain enterprises and to explore methods for provinces and cities to select and evaluate leading-chain enterprises.#br#　　The DEMATEL-ANP evaluation model is established based on the correlation and feedback relationship between evaluation indicators to determine the reference range of quantitative weights of the index system. DEMATEL is used to determine the correlation between indicators, and ANP is used to measure the weight of indicators. The measurement results show that from the perspective of industrial chain collaboration, the weight of leading ability in technological innovation is the largest and the importance is higher, followed by ability to lead industry development, and the weight of ability in industrial cooperation and integration is the least. In order to verify the scientificity and feasibility of the ecological dominance evaluation index system, this paper also selects member enterprises in the key industrial chain of Shanxi province to evaluate ecological dominance. The evaluation results are generally in line with the subjective evaluation of the main enterprises in the industrial chain,indicating that the primacy of the main enterprises is not obvious.#br#　　This paper draws the conclusions that , firstly, a weight system for quantitative identification and evaluation of leading-chain-enterprises is established based on the leading ability in technological innovation, ability in industrial cooperation and integration, and ability to lead industry development; secondly quantitative evaluation of the ecological dominance of leading-chain-enterprises is helpful to identify the potential of the enterprises, carry out early cultivation and evaluate the effect of the dominance; thirdly, the efforts to promote the cooperation mechanism between leading-chain-enterprises and core enterprises and the development of chain cluster ecology should be emphasized in the evaluation orientation of ecological dominance of leading-chain-enterprises. Then, this paper puts forward targeted policy suggestions to improve the cultivation and service mechanisms of leading-chain enterprises. First, it is critical to establish a selection and identification standard system that combines qualitative and quantitative evaluation based on the industry characteristics and ecological dominant status of chain owners. Second, there is an urgent need to strengthen the top-level design of supporting the construction of industrial innovation consortia, build a policy system that is conducive to the deep integration of innovation chains and industrial chains, and guide innovation resources to meet strategic innovation needs.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (6): 86-96 [Abstract] ( 72 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1428KB] ( 156 )
Enterprise Innovation Management
97 The Impact of the Linkage Effect of Multi-dimesional Driving Factors on Corporate Digital Innovation: An Empirical Analysis Based on SEM and fsQCA
Tian Ze,Xia Yue,Guan Xinge
With the booming development of digital technologies such as cloud computing, big data and artificial intelligence, digital innovation is profoundly influencing the corporate innovation models. How to effectively promote digital innovation in enterprises is a research question of practical significance. Less research has been conducted on the influencing factors of digital innovation, especially on the study of the driving mechanisms of digital innovation. Digital innovation is a dynamic activity that is constantly changing, with factors interacting and iterating in different contexts, and this process is influenced by many antecedent conditions. Therefor, this paper investigates the relationship between the five antecedent conditions and the different groupings that comprise them and digital innovation by integrating technological and environmental uncertainty at the external level, entrepreneurship at the internal level, and organizational learning and organizational forgetting at the process-driven level. A research method combining structural equation modeling (SEM) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is adopted. The SEM is used to verify the causal relationships between the antecedent variables, and the fsQCA is used to reveal three combinations of causal conditions for high digital innovation and three combinations of causal conditions for non-high digital innovation. Moreover, the multiple analysis methods can provide more information on the relationship between digital innovation and its antecedent variables in companies.#br#The study first uses the SEM to analyze the net effect of the independent variables on the dependent variables. Then it makes the fsQCA to explore the antecedent variables' conditional combinations leading to the outcome variable. There are 320 valid questionnaires collected from young and middle-aged employees of the enterprises that have introduced digitalization. The main conclusions are drawn as follows. First, technological uncertainty, market uncertainty and entrepreneurship all promote organizational learning and have positive impacts on corporate digital innovation; market uncertainty and entrepreneurship all promote organizational forgetting and corporate digital innovation; organizational learning and organizational forgetting both promote digital innovation. Second, three paths to activate digital innovation are confirmed, including the learning-led path, the market-driven learning path and the market-led path. By comparing the coverage of the three paths, it is found that market-driven learning is more likely to effectively activate digital innovation. Third, the study identifies three paths that can inhibit digital innovation. Finally, it is also found that the paths leading to high digital innovation and the paths leading to non-high digital innovation are not perfectly opposed and that one cannot be inferred to arise from the other; the two conditions of lack of entrepreneurship and organizational forgetting behaviour are asymmetrical and the two conditions lead to diametrically opposed outcomes in different paths.#br#In summary, this paper enriches the research on the antecedents of digital innovation by verifying the causal relationship between the antecedent conditions leading to digital innovation from the internal and external environment-organizational behaviour pathways. By analyzing the combination of pathways leading to high digital innovation and non-high digital innovation from a multi-factor synergistic linkage perspective, the study yields the conclusions that are helpful to open the black box of multi-factor synergy-driven digital innovation research. The method based on SEM and fsQCA is used to explore this issue, which can provide theoretical values to the methodological aspects of digital innovation research. Finally, the exploration of the causal asymmetry of the driving mechanisms of digital innovation enriches the explanation of the emergence or otherwise of digital innovation.#br#The managerial implications are listed as follows. (1) Market uncertainty drives organizational learning behavior, and it is an effective path to stimulate digital innovation. The combination of passive pressure from the external environment and proactive behavior taken by enterprises can greatly promote digital innovation. (2) For some enterprises that lack entrepreneurial spirit,it is recommended that they achieve "learning by doing", actively introduce external digital technologies, management models, organizational structures, etc., and continuously update knowledge to maintain organizational vitality, enhance organizational strategic flexibility, respond to market changes in a timely manner, and capture market opportunities. (3) When enterprises are under great pressure, they should also fully utilize the driving force brought by pressure to move forward, capture potential market opportunities and engage in digital innovation.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (6): 97-107 [Abstract] ( 72 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1460KB] ( 125 )
108 Institutional Entrepreneurship and Legitimacy Protection of Entrepreneurial Incubation Platform Enterprises:A Longitudinal Case Study of Xiaomi Technology
Li Lei,Liu Bo,He Guo
How entrepreneurial incubation platform enterprises empower startups and protect their own legitimacy from being harmed by them are important issues to be addressed. According to the relevant literatures on the protection of organizational legitimacy, organizational legitimacy could be harmed because of the cognitive relevance brought by some cooperative relationships or relationships between organizations. Therefore, the literature advocates to solve the problem of organizational legitimacy protection from the perspective of decoupling. In the follow-up research, scholars conceptualize the theory of decoupling as a compartmentalizing mechanism, and believe that the compartmentalizing mechanism can be used to protect the legitimacy of the enterprise. However, the compartmentalizing mechanism can only be used as a short-term emergency governance mechanism instead of a long-term mechanism. First of all, the compartmentalizing mechanism advocates relationship separation, so it is difficult to restrain the behavior of the organizations with problems from the source; secondly, the compartmentalizing mechanism is not forward-looking and belongs to ex-post control, so it is difficult to recover some losses that have already occurred.#br#The relevant viewpoints of institutional entrepreneurship from the perspective of new institutional theory can make up for the limitations of the compartmentalizing mechanism. Institutional entrepreneurship means that under the drive of certain factors, institutional entrepreneurs from a certain organizational field take the initiative to adopt institutional entrepreneurial strategies for institutional entrepreneurial objects, promote the existing institutional reform or form a new system so as to achieve the interests of institutional entrepreneurs. Among them, the organizational field is an important analysis unit connecting the organizational level and the social level, and it is not only suitable for the interactive network formed by competing organizations, but also helpful for the system formed by the focus organization and its important related actors. Given the background of this study, the entrepreneurial ecosystem formed by the focus organization of entrepreneurial incubation platform and its important related actors can be regarded as an organizational field in theory. Entrepreneurial incubation platform enterprises actively adopt a series of institutional entrepreneurial strategies to promote the existing institutional change or form a new system in the entrepreneurial ecosystem, and thus the misconduct of start-up enterprises is effectively restricted so as to protect the legitimacy of entrepreneurial incubation platform enterprises.#br#This study adopts a longitudinal single-case study method, and selects Xiaomi Company as the research object. The results show that entrepreneurial incubation platform enterprises, driven by their own resource endowments and related expected goals, adopt the resource strategies, theorization strategies and cognitive strategies in turn, and gradually build entrepreneurial ecosystem culture and regulations. It brings the start-ups the imitation pressure, coercion pressure and normative pressure from the entrepreneurial ecosystem, and constantly restrains their misconduct. Finally, the legitimacy of entrepreneurial incubation platform enterprises can be effectively protected. #br#The theoretical significance of this paper lies in that it provides a new explanatory logic for the protection of enterprise legitimacy on entrepreneurial incubation platform at the organizational field level, and changes the concept of enterprise legitimacy protection of entrepreneurial incubation platform from passive relationship separation to active source control, which makes up for the limitations of the compartmentalizing mechanism at the inter-organizational relationship level. From a practical point of view, this paper can provide a set of dynamic solutions for entrepreneurial incubation platform enterprises to solve the problem of legitimacy protection along the institutionalized path.#br#Entrepreneurial incubation platform enterprises are suggested to make full use of their social resources and technical management resources to provide all-round support for entrepreneurial enterprises by defining products, cooperative research and development, process design, channel management, investment and financing management, supply chain management and other means. Moreover they should establish exclusive brands, e-commerce channels and internal testing systems, and design corresponding management systems,etc. to constrain any possible misconduct of start-ups. Finally the value of the good relationship with the partners should be stressed.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (6): 108-117 [Abstract] ( 64 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1784KB] ( 144 )
118 The Influence Mechanism of Entrepreneurship Learning on the Innovation Performance of Start-ups from the Perspective of Knowledge Acquisition:The Moderating Effect of Environmental Dynamicity
Xu Zhandong,Liu Pengpei,Yang Xuelei
Innovation plays a pivotal role in driving economic and social development, and is instrumental in augmenting the value of enterprises. With the digital economy strategy rapidly developing, a significant number of start-ups have emerged, bringing continuous innovation in products and services and a rapid revolution in industrial practices in China. Young entrepreneurs who represent a particularly innovative cohort are enhancing the quality and scope of entrepreneurial activities. However, the average lifespan of small and medium-sized startups has dwindled from 3.5 years to 2.6 years in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Entrepreneurial learning plays a crucial role in amassing knowledge and resources, empowering entrepreneurs to adeptly identify customer and market needs and foster sustainable entrepreneurial innovations. The effectiveness of acquiring entrepreneurial knowledge is significantly impacted by the adoption of an appropriate learning approach within the dynamic market environment. Therefore,start-ups must establish effective entrepreneurial learning and knowledge acquisition models to improve their ability to predict market changes and customer needs, and effectively promote innovative growth. Entrepreneurial learning does not always have a significant impact on the acquisition of entrepreneurial knowledge, and the learning strategies adopted by entrepreneurs must be tailored to the external environment. Thus, it can be inferred that a dynamic environment may serve as an important boundary condition that affects the relationship between entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial knowledge. In order to provide theoretical support for promoting sustainable innovation and growth in uncertain environments, this study aims to explore the relationship between entrepreneurial learning, knowledge acquisition, environmental dynamics, and innovation performance in new startups.#br#This study selects start-ups (surviving for 1-3 years) from 50 innovation and entrepreneurship incubation institutions in universities across China as the research observations. A total of 348 questionnaires are distributed to the founders and core managers of each new start-up, and after screening and sorting, 285 valid questionnaires are received with a response rate of 89.3%. Variables are measured using the Likert 5-point scoring method, with a score of 1 indicating complete inconsistency and a score of 5 indicating complete consistency. The study further constructs the multiple linear regression model, and makes the mediation and moderation analyses to examine the association among entrepreneurial learning, entrepreneurial knowledge, dynamic environment, and innovation performance.#br#Three key conclusions can be drawn from the study. Firstly, it is found that both entrepreneurial cognitive learning and practical learning have a discernible and favorable impact on the innovation performance of startups. However, when entrepreneurial knowledge is introduced as a mediating variable, it is observed that entrepreneurial explicit knowledge exerts a complete mediating effect between entrepreneurial learning and innovation performance, while entrepreneurial implicit knowledge also has a complete mediating effect. Furthermore, explicit entrepreneurial knowledge is found to have a greater influence on innovation performance than implicit knowledge. Secondly, both entrepreneurial cognitive learning and practical learning have a significant and constructive impact on entrepreneurial knowledge. However, it is verified that entrepreneurial cognitive learning has a more pronounced positive effect on entrepreneurial knowledge. Lastly, a dynamic environment is found to have a negative moderating effect on the relationship between entrepreneurial cognitive learning and entrepreneurial explicit knowledge, while it has a positive moderating effect on the link between entrepreneurial practical learning and entrepreneurial explicit knowledge. The moderating effect of the dynamic environment on entrepreneurial learning and implicit knowledge is found to be insignificant. Overall, the findings of this research indicate that the implementation of entrepreneurial learning programs positively impacts the innovation performance of emerging enterprises. It also highlights the importance of effectively combining entrepreneurial learning with the dynamic environment in order to acquire and internalize entrepreneurial knowledge, which in turn promotes innovation performance. These findings can inspire start-ups to identify and utilize resources and opportunities in a dynamic environment through entrepreneurial learning, effectively promoting the acquisition and integration of entrepreneurial knowledge and ultimately driving enterprise innovation.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (6): 118-128 [Abstract] ( 54 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1405KB] ( 110 )
129 The Impact of Technology Mergers and Acquisitions by State-owned Enterprises on Firms' Fuzzy Front-end Innovation Performance
Huang Yuzhou,Li Tiantian,Pei Xudong,Song Juan,Li Na
State-owned enterprises(SOEs) are the main force in China's participation in international economic and the trade activities and implementation of the going-out strategy. In recent years, SOEs have continued to promote innovation to break through technological bottlenecks. At the fuzzy front-end stage, technology acquisitions allow high-tech firms to obtain a competitive advantage by quickly acquiring the latest external technology and product ideas. But some firms fail to achieve innovation and technological capability following technology acquisitions. It can be found that the introduction of new technological trajectories for firms through technology M&A and the generation of key core breakthrough technologies that have a fundamental impact on the competitive state of the market are key factors in the acquisition and maintenance of sustainable competitive advantages for firms. As the key to the successful output of breakthrough technologies lies in the performance of a firm's fuzzy front-end activities, the technology acquisitions taken by a firm at this stage determine the likelihood of technological innovation breakthrough and the ultimate success of the innovation.#br#Following the multidimensional proximity theory, this paper explores the influence of technology acquisition on the fuzzy front-end innovation performance of state-owned high-tech firms in China. It selects the technology acquisitions of SOEs from 2009-2019 as the sample to analyze whether technology acquisitions effectively alleviate SOEs' innovation information dilemma, optimize SOEs' innovation resource allocation, and promote breakthrough innovation. #br#It is concluded that firstly technological similarity between M&A parties has a significant negative impact on firms' fuzzy front-end innovation performance, while technological complementarity has a significant positive impact. Secondly, geographical distance and production chain location positively moderate the negative relationship between technological similarity and firms' fuzzy front-end innovation performance. Thirdly, the link between technological complementarity and firms' success in fuzzy front-end innovation is favorably moderated by geographic distance and production chain location. The conclusions remain valid after a number of robustness tests.#br#The study highlights the following three aspects. Firstly, the degree of technical complementarity and similarity in the M&A process is crucial to the successful outcome of organizations' ground-breaking technological innovation. Firms' market power is achieved by the differentiated characteristics of breakthrough technology, and it serves as a foundation for enriching theories related to product market power in different innovation contexts. When it comes to new product development, acquirers and targets can ensure sustainable competitiveness only by keeping the appropriate correlation in the technology knowledge base. Therefore, when firms select potential targets in the pre-merger process,the targets' complementary technological innovation resources become the key technological identification elements. At the same time, combining internal and external knowledge can facilitate deep knowledge extraction and provide an increasingly effective knowledge resource for subsequent knowledge integration methods and tools. This assists firms in determining the direction of goods, processes and innovations. #br#Secondly, according to the distance economy theory and multidimensional proximity theory, when firms make M&A decisions, they should select targets' technology fields by evaluating their own position in the production chain and combining the technology cost, research, development process, and innovation demand. Firms in higher production chains should break the original technological paradigm and use complementary resources to push the boundaries and achieve new product innovation from breakthrough new technologies. For similar resources, it is imperative to reduce development and input costs, break through the original technological knowledge framework and thinking inertia, and quickly open up new technological tracks.#br#Thirdly,whenfirms are making M&A decisions and are geographically distant from each other, they can obtain new technological breakthroughs from complementary resources, providing an efficient path for sharing complementary knowledge resources. For similar technological resources, firms should break through the existing technology framework to generate ideas and new technologies so as to tackle the problems in the M&A integration process. In other words, technology acquisition enables the integration of external technological resources and alleviates the external pressures faced by SOEs in the process due to geographical proximity and different production chain locations. To a certain extent, this not only provides systematic decision support for the rational selection of target firms and the formulation of technology absorption strategy, but also provides a new idea for enterprises to choose the type of targets. In conclusion, this paper helps to deepen the understanding of SOEs' technology acquisition and new product development decisions.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (6): 129-138 [Abstract] ( 58 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1302KB] ( 127 )
Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
139 On International Legislation Development and Chinese Institutional Arrangement of Exclusive Right of Drug Data
Liu Xin
The special review requirements for drug safety and effectiveness data in drug marketing approval create a unique exclusive right protection mechanism for drug data. It can be seen that the initial purpose of the exclusive right to drug data is to compensate the pharmaceutical enterprises for the extra-long time cost and high economic investment in the process of producing data for the pre-marketing safety and effectiveness of drugs, such as toxicity analysis, animal experiments and clinical experiments, rather than to stimulate drug research and development. Therefore, the TRIPS Agreement adopts the trade secret protection mode of prohibiting unfair commercial use of drug data. However, developed countries, led by the United States, have established an exclusive right protection mechanism for drug data through the signing of regional FTAs, like the TPP Agreement and the CPTPP Agreement, in order to fully meet the interests of pharmaceutical enterprises, and avoid the "free ride" behavior of free use of original drug data in the administrative approval of generic drug listing. From the behavior regulation of unfair competition in the market to the exclusive right narrative, drug data has gradually possessed the property right attribute and monopoly power similar to patent technology, and has evolved into another institutional tool for the developed countries in the United States and Europe to carry out international trade strife against the vast number of developing countries in need of medical treatment, in addition to the patent mechanism.#br#The current international legislative pattern of the intellectual property protection of drug data has been changed from the trade secret model to the exclusive right mechanism, which is undoubtedly the result of the benefit drive of the drug industry to a large extent, and it is very likely to further aggravate the imbalance of drug supply between developed and developing countries worldwide. On the one hand, once a pharmaceutical enterprise has an absolute control and complete monopoly of the supply of relevant drugs on the basis of exclusive right, it will inevitably lead to the problem that the realization of the most basic life and health rights of the public is subject to the pharmaceutical enterprise. On the other hand, pharmaceutical enterprises need to recover their research and development investment through high-profit production and operation under the guarantee of market monopoly rights.#br#In view of this, by untangling the development process of the protection mechanism of intellectual property rights of drug data, this paper clarifies the international legislative motivation for the generation of the exclusive right of intellectual property rights of drug data, and explores how to deal with the relationship between the development and use of drug data in the protection of the exclusive right of intellectual property rights of drug data, and how to coordinate the conflict of interests between the original research pharmaceutical enterprises and the generic pharmaceutical enterprises, as well as between developed countries and developing countries. The epidemic of COVID-19 has shrouded the world in the shadow of viruses. Drug data sharing has become an urgent need for the current epidemic prevention. How to achieve a reasonable design of the exception mechanism for the protection of exclusive intellectual property right in drug data has also attracted much attention.#br#As a major developing country, China has taken the lead in epidemic prevention and control and achieved remarkable results, but it must be acknowledged that the lack of resource control over key drug data has also hindered China's timely response to public health crises. Thus, it is necessary to make reference to the international legislative trend of drug data protection and encourage drug research and development with high levels of data protection. On this basis, it is pivotal to establish a data exclusive right protection mechanism linked with the drug patent system, starting from the basic demands of encouraging innovation and standardizing imitation of the local pharmaceutical industry by defining the legal boundary of the exclusive right of drug data with necessary internal restrictions and external supervision, and building the dynamic publicity platform of drug data and the use payment of drug data.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (6): 139-148 [Abstract] ( 65 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1282KB] ( 140 )
149 The Impact of Science and Technology Financial Policy on the R&D Performance of Listed Companies in Strategic Emerging Industries: The Perspective of R&D Manipulation
Zeng Zhuoqi,Wang Yue
Innovation is the internal driving force of high-quality economic development and the inevitable requirement of entering a new stage of development. Strategic emerging industries play an engine role in high-quality economic development, and thus how to encourage listed companies in strategic emerging industries to carry out R&D innovation is of great significance. Due to the high uncertainty of R&D and innovation activities and the long R&D cycle, the problems of financing difficulty and high financing costs have become the main factors that restrict the technological innovation of technology-based enterprises. Engaging in innovation activities cannot yield rich economic benefits in the short term, and there is a huge risk of failure, leading to the lack of sufficient willingness of enterprises in the strategic emerging industries to invest in research and development.#br#The pilot work of promoting the integration of science and technology and finance aims to break through the financing constraints, promote enterprise innovation and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and boost the development of strategic emerging industries by integrating the diversified resources of science and technology and finance, including venture capital, multi-level capital markets, bank credit, etc. In order to encourage enterprises in strategic emerging industries to carry out R&D and innovation, the Chinese government has formulated a variety of industrial policies and issued public R&D and innovation policies including R&D subsidies and tax incentives. Thus the existing literature has carried out extensive empirical research on whether the innovation incentive policies can effectively stimulate the innovation of enterprises. Some research holds that these policies have a significant incentive effect on enterprise R&D and can significantly leverage enterprises to invest in R&D; others argue that due to the information asymmetry between the government and enterprises, policy risks may be triggered, leading to strategic innovation and even R&D manipulation by enterprises to defraud R&D subsidies or tax incentives, thus significantly reducing R&D performance. Furthermore, there is still a lack of research on whether technology finance policies will stimulate research and development manipulation by listed companies in strategic emerging industries.#br#With the aid of the quasi-natural experiment of the pilot policy of combining science and technology with finance, this paper constructs a multi-point difference model using data from strategic emerging industry enterprises from 2008 to 2019, and empirically analyzes the impact and internal mechanism of science and technology and finance policies on the R&D performance of listed companies in the strategic emerging industries from the perspective of R&D manipulation. It is found that the science and technology financial policy significantly suppressed the R&D manipulation behavior of listed companies in strategic emerging industries, thus significantly improving their R&D performance. The results of a series of robustness tests, such as the parallel trend test and placebo test, show that the research results are highly robust. The results of heterogeneity analysis show that the inhibition of S&T financial policies on R&D manipulation is more significant in state-owned enterprises, enterprises in the eastern region and enterprises with long listing years.#br#With regard to the contributions of this study, the following two points are summarized. First, from the perspective of R&D manipulation of listed companies in strategic emerging industries, the implementation effect and mechanism of the pilot policy of science and technology finance are evaluated for the first time, and the specific mechanism of the research on the policy effect of science and technology finance policy is deepened and expanded from the perspective of financing constraints and tax incentives. Second, this paper examines the differential impact of the pilot policy of science and technology finance on the R&D manipulation of listed companies in strategic emerging industries with different property rights, regional economic differences and listing years, thus revealing the boundary conditions of the implementation effect of the pilot policy of science and technology finance, helping to improve the implementation of the pilot policy of science and technology finance, and providing empirical evidence for the further promotion of the pilot policy of science and technology finance across the country.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (6): 149-160 [Abstract] ( 50 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1379KB] ( 188 )
[an error occurred while processing this directive]

Beijing ICP for 14017663 Beijing 11010102001815 male may be prepared

All copyright ©《SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY》of the editorial