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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY
 
2024 Vol.41 Issue.5
Published 2024-03-10
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
Enterprise Innovation Management
Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
Knowledge Science and Knowledge Engineering
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
Case Study Column
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
1 Theoretical Foundations, Risk Factors, and Strategic Promotion of Organized Scientific Research in Universities: A Symbiotic Perspective
Liu Yangxi,Ren Yuxin,Yang Chen
Organized scientific research serves as an important form that facilitates technological institutionalization within universities and systematically caters to the national strategic needs for scientific and technological innovation. As such, it constitutes a multifaceted and significant systematic undertaking that involves various entities, including government, market, and academia. Multiple institutional logics, namely those of the state, market, and academia, shape its development. Currently, academic research on organized research can be categorized into three strands. The first comprises case studies, which center on remarkable instances of domestic universities transforming their research paradigms and reforming their systems and mechanisms for organized research. The second consists of theoretical research, which concentrates on knowledge production models, organizational models, response mechanisms, and problem-solving in the context of organized research. The third involves comparative research, which largely focuses on case studies of major developed countries, international research institutions, or world-class universities, with an emphasis on extracting best practices. While existing studies have provided profound analysis of key areas and exemplary cases of organized research through diverse lenses, an integrated perspective that holistically examines the heterogeneous actors, institutional mechanisms, research paradigms, and organizational models remains lacking. Therefore, this study introduces the theory of symbiosis into the practice of organized research, furnishing a theoretical framework to systematically conceptualize the diverse actors and their mechanisms of action, while unlocking the practical pathway for organized research. Through examining the value implications and practical trajectories of organized research across multiple dimensions including symbiotic units, modalities, interfaces, and environments, identifying prevailing risk factors, and proposing countermeasures and recommendations, this study aims to furnish novel perspectives on reinforcing organized scientific inquiry.#br#The concept of symbiosis was originally proposed in biology by German scientist Anton de Bary to describe mutually beneficial relationships between different organisms. Subsequently, this notion rapidly diffused into the humanities and social sciences, gradually being applied in disciplines such as economics, political science, sociology, and education thereby forming a new methodology and system of values. Through continuous development and refinement by scholars including Famintsim and Protoaxis, symbiotic theory now underscores the associations of co-survival, co-evolution, or mutual inhibition among different species and genera. In a symbiotic environment, symbiotic units can form ecological relationships through particular symbiotic modalities and interfaces. Within the symbiotic system, the symbiotic unit constitutes the primary entity; the symbiotic mode refers to the cooperative formulations between the units; the symbiotic interface serves as the regulatory mechanism; and the symbiotic environment represents the exogenous factors impacting the system. The interplay between these four components facilitates the formation and functioning of the symbiotic system.#br#Guided by symbiotic theory, this study identifies four categories of risks in organized research. First, government, enterprises, universities, and research institutions diverge in their goal orientation for knowledge production and transformation, as well as in the organizational characteristics of knowledge generation. Second, from an organizational standpoint, continuous and integrated symbiotic models of organized research have yet to become widespread. Likewise, from a behavioral angle, the mutually beneficial symbiotic patterns of organized research require further optimization. Third, regarding incentive mechanisms, several problems exist, including insufficient focus on incentive targets, limited diversity in incentive methods and subjects, and inadequate coordination of incentive measures. Concurrently, issues persist involving insufficient mission-oriented national incentives, a weak sense of gain among frontline scientific and technological personnel and teams, and insufficient guarantees for the growth environment of young researchers. With respect to the regulatory mechanisms, excessive concentration of power and prolonged regulatory chains prevail. Regarding evaluation mechanisms, deficiencies include a lack of long-term assessment, redundant and repetitive evaluation activities across multiple levels, limited evaluation tools and methodologies, and imperfections in peer review systems. Fourth, at the policy environment level, targeted supporting policies and implementation methods are lacking. In the market environment, obstructed cooperation among government, industry, academia, and research institutes exists alongside low conversion rates of scientific and technological achievements. At the cultural environment level, disciplinary insularity can engender information blocking, repetitive projects, and weakened creativity. In response, it is imperative to innovate diversified research organization models combining centralized and free exploratory efforts, promote the formation of continuous, integrated, and mutually beneficial symbiotic patterns, improve incentive, regulatory and evaluation mechanisms, and foster favorable policy, market, and cultural environments.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (5): 1-9 [Abstract] ( 172 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1341KB] ( 266 )
10 Which Is More Conducive to Technology Convergence, Cooperative Innovation or Technology Transaction? An Example of AI Multi-layer Patent Network
Liu Xiaoyan,Pang Yaru,Shan Xiaohong,Sun Lina
With the change of the global market competition pattern in the post-epidemic era and the development of technology,the importance of R&D is increasingly prominent, and technological innovation has become essential for enterprise survival and development. Since most small and medium-sized enterprises have low innovation capabilities,traditional innovation models can not meet the needs of enterprises for technological innovation. Therefore,it has become the focus of innovation research to find a more efficient innovation model.#br#Technology convergence can significantly improve the enterprise innovation capabilities and profoundly affect the competitiveness of enterprises and countries. However, in practice, enterprises have a series of problems in choosing convergence partners. The fundamental reason for the dilemma of technology convergence is that neither the actual process of technology convergence nor the convergence mechanism is clear, and thus it is very important to study the mechanism of technology convergence. Inter-organizational collaborative innovation is an important channel to promote technology convergence, and collaborative innovation models include cooperative R&D, technology transactions, technology mergers and acquisitions, etc. Different innovation models have different advantages and disadvantages and exert various influences on technology convergence.In-depth study of the influencing factors of technology convergence under different innovation models can further clarify the mechanism of technology convergence and provide a basis for enterprises to choose innovation partners. In terms of innovation model selection, cooperative R&D risk sharing and technology transaction risk have entry thresholds, and these two innovation models can help enterprises quickly obtain the heterogeneous knowledge resources required for innovation. In terms of factor selection, technology convergence comes from the transfer and convergence of heterogeneous resources, and the heterogeneity of partners has a self-evident role in promoting technology convergence. Technology heterogeneity and innovation capability heterogeneity cover the two dimensions of their own existing technologies and future development potential, and they can more accurately portray the differences between organizations.#br#Therefore,this paper selects technology heterogeneity and innovation capability heterogeneity to explore the impact of partner factors on technology convergence in the mode of cooperation and transaction innovation, in the hope of helping organizations screen potential cooperation or transaction partners. In terms of data sources and methods, like the developed countries that have incorporated artificial intelligence into their national development strategies, China also attaches great importance to the development of a new generation of artificial intelligence, and proposed that by 2030, China's artificial intelligence theory, technology and application should reach the world's leading level and become the world's major artificial intelligence innovation center. Moreover, the artificial intelligence industry is gradually embedded in various industries, such as manufacturing and medical care, and becomes a representative industry of cross-border technology convergence. The social selection models (SSMs) combine exogenous node attributes with network self-organization processes with consideration of individual preference and collective choice to explain the formation process of network, and statistically analyze the social network structure by describing the local topology statistics of the network, and quantify the process and influencing factors of relationship formation. Therefore, this paper uses the patent information of the artificial intelligence industry as the sample data and the IncoPat global patent database as the data source to construct the SSMs multi-layer network dependency model under the cooperative R&D and technology transaction model, and studies the impact of different innovation models and partner factors on technology convergence.#br#The results show that under the cooperative R&D model, heterogeneity in the technology field and heterogeneity in innovation capability positively promote technology convergence. Under the technology transaction model, the heterogeneity of innovation capability positively promotes technology convergence, and the heterogeneity of technology field negatively affects technology convergence.The following enlightenment is given accordingly for the selection of partners in different innovation models. First, when enterprises adopt the cooperative innovation model, the selection of cross-field partners is conducive to the occurrence of breakthrough innovation; when adopting a technology transaction model, enterprises can select partners in the field for patent transactions to improve innovation performance. Second, when selecting partners or business partners, enterprises should not only pay attention to the innovation capabilities of the other party, but also consider the demand-ability fit between enterprises themselves and the partners.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (5): 10-18 [Abstract] ( 100 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1437KB] ( 168 )
19 The Influence of Entrepreneurship Incubation of Incubators on Entrepreneurial Resilience of Incubated Enterprises and Its Constraint Effect
Li Hao,Hu Haiqing
As a major way to boost economic vitality, entrepreneurship has been promoting the high-quality economic transformation. Due to the market slowdown, "survival" has been the potential strategy for many start-ups in China. In order to adapt to the changing market environment, optimization of entrepreneurship performance is the key to achieving success and solving the entrepreneurial dilemma in the VUCA era. The concept of 'internal and external incubation' is recognized by academics as an effective governance concept to promote entrepreneurship. However, how to enhance entrepreneurial resilience is not included in the existing incubator research framework. With the logic of entrepreneurial contextual change and performance enhancement, it helps to verify the entrepreneurial sustainability and construct this research framework by identifying and revealing the incentive effect of incubators on entrepreneurial resilience. Therefore, enhancing entrepreneurial resilience by means of incubation contributes to the "survival" of start-ups in the VUCA era, and highlights the advantages of incubation. While the hindrance of incubation's role in stimulating sustainability and environmental adaptation is highly likely to be a key constraint to the development of entrepreneurial ventures. The 'external' involvement of the incubator in the binary interaction and the 'internal' opportunistic motivation of start-ups struggling to survive are disturbances, but in reality they are inevitable but easily overlooked. Therefore, whether and how these typical characteristics of incubators and incubatees affect the relationship between entrepreneurial incubation and resilience has become a key contextual factor in determining the boundaries of incubation performance in this study.#br#In line with the above-mentioned logic, this study takes into account the characteristics of entrepreneurship in the new era, and deconstructs entrepreneurship incubation into policy and knowledge from a resource-based view, and it explores the impact on the resilience of entrepreneurs and start-ups, as well as the perturbation of this impact by the dynamics of dual incubators. According to the empirical analysis of 346 sample data from Lanzhou, Xi'an and Suzhou cities, it is found that entrepreneurial incubation has a long-lasting incentive effect on entrepreneurial resilience. While the inverted U-shape of incubator control moderates the above relationship, the catering tendency of start-ups may reduce the above incentive effect. In addition, supplementary research further revises the boundaries of the utility of entrepreneurial incubation policies in enhancing entrepreneurial resilience.#br#Compared with the existing research, this paper has made some possible contributions in two ways. First, prior research has generally considered performance as the explanatory variable to demonstrate incubation effectiveness, and paid less attention to the changes in entrepreneurial resilience during the incubation process. In the context of entrepreneurship, when "survival" is the strategic goal of the enterprises, it will help clarify and improve existing incubation studies in terms of the institutional advantages of entrepreneurial sustainability by examining the incentive effect of business incubation on entrepreneurial resilience. The findings expand the perspective of judging the advantages of incubation mechanisms in the Chinese context and provide a useful reference for incubators to optimize their services in the VUCA era. Second, the existing literature has often overlooked the possible interference and negative impact of binary subject dynamics behind the effectiveness of incubation mechanisms, which leads to differences in incubation effects. This study selects the possible self-interested motives in the process of binary interaction as the empirical context for determining the boundary of the impact of incubation on entrepreneurial resilience. This not only restores the characteristics of binary subject dynamics in the VUCA era, but also provides an assertion basis for the delineation of the aforementioned effect boundary. By the end, it is suggested that regional characteristics should be stressed in promoting the development of technology enterprise incubators into local development plans so as to avoid resource waste; it is necessary to construct the professional and technological innovation public service platforms to enhance the efficiency of knowledge sharing among circular networks within different incubators; it is important to improve the flexible mechanism for incubators to participate in entrepreneurship, and accelerate the digital transformation of regulatory authorities to prevent entrepreneurial speculation.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (5): 19-29 [Abstract] ( 47 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1333KB] ( 153 )
Enterprise Innovation Management
30 New and Old CEO Duality and R&D Efficiency of State-owned Enterprises：Evidence from Chinese A-share SOEs
Fan Mingzhu,Wang Jing,Xu Jingna
R&D efficiency is an important factor for enterprises to gain competitive advantages and achieve high quality growth. With the implementation of the national innovation strategy, the proportion of R&D in China′s GDP has been increasing, and has reached the level of the advanced countries in Europe and the United States. However, compared with the world′s major innovative countries, the R&D efficiency of Chinese enterprises is still at a low level. In particular, the loss of R&D efficiency of state-owned enterprises is still greater than that of non-state-owned enterprises, which arouses scholars′ attention to the design of internal system and governance structure. Managers, as the main participants and actual operators of enterprise decisions, are the key to improving the efficiency of enterprise R&D. Corporate leadership structure and its differences are also important factors affecting the allocation of managers′ power and decision-making choices. As a specific leadership structure, the dual position of being both the chairman of the board and CEO will have a direct impact on the long-term development of enterprises. Different from the corporate governance structure in Europe and America, China has a unique corporate governance framework. As the core of the Party committee and the board of directors of enterprises, the CEO duality leadership configuration between the Party secretary and the chairman of the board of directors can regulate the management behavior from the source and alleviate the agency problem of state-owned enterprises. However there is little literature on the influences of the new CEO duality leadership structure of being chairman and Party secretary on enterprise R&D efficiency.
Therefore, this paper takes the A-share state-owned enterprises in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2008 to 2020 as samples for empirical analysis, examines the difference between the influence of the new structure (duality of secretary of the Party committee and chairman of the board) and the old one (duality of chairman of the board and CEO) on the R&D efficiency, and analyzes the mechanism of their relationship. In China′s institutional environment and governance context, this study discusses the heterogeneity of economic policy uncertainty and enterprise risk bearing capacity and other macro and micro environmental factors on the relationship between the two, and it explores whether the role of the old and new leadership configuration in state-owned enterprises on R&D efficiency will further affect the enterprise value.
The results show that (1) compared with the old leadership structure, the new structure has a more significant positive impact on the R&D efficiency of state-owned enterprises; (2) the new leadership structure can improve the operating efficiency and board efficiency of state-owned enterprises, thus improving their R&D efficiency; (3) economic policy uncertainty and enterprise risk bearing capacity have a boundary effect on the positive relationship between the new structure and enterprise R&D efficiency: when the economic policy uncertainty is higher and the enterprise risk bearing capacity is lower, the new structure has a stronger promoting effect on R&D efficiency; (4) in the state-owned enterprises, the new structure improves the corporate value by improving corporate R&D efficiency, and the effect of this enhancement is sustainable.
This paper for the first time highlights the comparison of the differences between the old and new leadership structures of on the economic behavior of listed companies under the background of China′s unique system, which is conducive to better promoting the sinicization of corporate governance theories and providing theoretical support and decision-making reference for organizational power allocation in the Chinese context. It also provides empirical evidence for the design of the leadership structure of state-owned enterprises and the optimization of technological innovation decision. Moreover this paper clarifies the unique mechanism of the chairman on enterprise R&D behavior, enriches the research literature on the relationship between the Party organization′s participation in corporate governance and enterprise R&D behavior, and provides empirical evidence for the optimization of China′s state-owned enterprises′ governance structure and improvement of R&D efficiency.
2024 Vol. 41 (5): 30-39 [Abstract] ( 39 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1298KB] ( 129 )
40 Digital Transformation and ESG Performance of Enterprises Under the “Double Carbon” Goal: Effect and Impact Mechanism
Liu Fangyuan,Wu Yunlong
The Chinese government has been striving to achieve the“double carbon” goal since 2020. Enterprises are the main body of the market economy, and their attitudes towards green transformation and sustainable development have a profound impact on the realization of the "double carbon" Goal. However, under practical constraints such as shortage of funds, shortage of talents and lack of resources, the contradiction between economic profits and the cost of green development is deepening, and it is difficult to carry out green transformation. How to explore the effective path of enterprises' green transformation under the "double carbon" Goal has become a hot issue. Meanwhile, digital transformation that emphasizes the application of digital technology has become an indispensable key point for development. So, can digital transformation promote the further improvement of enterprise green performance? Can digital transformation provide new ideas and methods for the smooth realization of the "double carbon" Goal?#br#In order to explore the relationship between digital transformation and enterprises' social responsibility performance, this study selects the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) concepts for analysis because they meet the requirements of low-carbon development. Taking 2 909 A-share listed companies from the Huazheng ESG reports from 2012-2021 as samples, the study examines the impact of digital transformation on enterprises' ESG responsibility performance and its mechanism. The results show that digital transformation can improve the ESG performance of enterprises, especially in the aspects of environmental and social responsibility, and cloud computing technology has the most outstanding contribution to ESG performance. In addition, the improvement of enterprises' digital transformation can promote financial performance, curb risk levels, and enhance green technology innovation, which will contribute to the improvement of ESG responsibility performance, while the impact of digital transformation on ESG performance is heterogeneous. The ESG performance of state-owned enterprises, mature enterprises and heavy-polluting enterprises is more sensitive to digital transformation. Thus, it is advocated that at the enterprises level, the dual competitive advantages of digitalization and greening can be established by accelerating the change of ideas, constructing the dynamic digital-ESG development model, promoting the governance model that meets the requirements of digitalization, and choosing the development path suitable for their own resource endowments; moreover, the government should create a favorable environment for the digital transformation of enterprises, vigorously promote the concept of ESG, and carry out practical and effective assistance. All in all, it is essential to encourage all types of enterprises to foster a correct understanding digital transformation and ESG concepts, so as to contribute to the "double carbon" goal in the context of the digital economy, and achieve their own development.#br#By clarifying the impact of digital transformation on ESG performance, its mechanism and heterogeneity, this study makes up for the shortcomings of the existing research, provides a more sufficient theoretical basis for enterprises to embrace digital transformation, and helps the realization of the "double carbon" goal. The possible marginal contributions of the study are threefold. First of all, it shifts the research perspective of digital transformation from an economic perspective to a social responsibility perspective and provides new impetus for enterprises to embrace digital transformation by analyzing the effects and mechanisms of digital transformation on enterprises' ESG responsibility performance. Second, it enriches the connotation of digital transformation impact in non-economic performance studies by analyzing the realization path of the impact of digital transformation on ESG performance from financial performance, risk level, and green technology innovation. Third, the internal connection between digital transformation and green performance provides a theoretical basis for the "win-win" of economic goals and the "double carbon" goal. The conclusions not only provide a new path for enterprises to carry out low-carbon practices but also help enterprises establish the dual competitive advantages of digital and green transformation. Despite some achievements in this study, there are still some shortcomings in the data sources, empirical analysis, and variable selection. In the future, relevant research needs to dynamically follow up on the forefront of practice, continuously explore and expand new understanding so as to enrich the research theoretical and practical values.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (5): 40-49 [Abstract] ( 139 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1298KB] ( 338 )
50 Informal Hierarchy of Board of Directors, Opportunity Response and Enterprise Innovation Efficiency
Lyu Hengyu,Ma Chunai,Tang Tong,Cao Mengyao
With the constant changes in the international environment and increasingly fierce market competition, it is crucial for enterprise to improve their innovation efficiency, and how to improve innovation efficiency through optimizing enterprise governance structure has become the key. There are no institutional constraints in the informal hierarchy of the board of directors as a recessive force, and it plays the same role as the formal hierarchy, and has become a key factor affecting corporate governance and innovation efficiency. At present, the research on the effect of informal hierarchical governance of the board of directors focuses on the quantity of innovation scale, the direct impact and influencing factors of the informal hierarchy of the board of directors, and the transmission path of the informal hierarchy governance effect of the board of directors needs further exploration.#br#Therefore,drawing on the relational contract theory, the organizational hierarchy theory and the dynamic capability theory, this paper analyzes the impact of the informal hierarchy of the board of directors on enterprise innovation efficiency and its mechanism under the Chinese social and cultural background and explores the role of opportunity response in the impact . Specifically is the informal hierarchy of the board of directors conducive to the improvement of enterprise innovation efficiency? If it is conducive to the improvement of enterprise innovation efficiency, does it improve the innovation efficiency of enterprises by conducting the decision-making behavior of the board of directors through opportunity response? #br#This paper selects the Chinese A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2020 as the initial sample, and finally obtains 17 114 sample observations. The study follows the research paradigm of "structure-response-efficiency" and adopts the test method of mediating effect. It verifies the hypothesis by defining variables and constructing a multiple linear regression model to conduct an empirical study on the impact of informal board of directors on enterprise innovation efficiency and its mechanism. Then the study analyzes the basic relationship between the informal hierarchy of the board of directors and enterprise innovation efficiency and opportunity response in turn, and further discusses the mediating role of opportunity response. The empirical results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the informal hierarchy of the board of directors and the innovation efficiency of enterprises; there is a significant positive correlation between the informal hierarchy of the board of directors and the responsiveness of enterprises to innovation opportunities; the informal hierarchy of the board of directors promotes the improvement of enterprise innovation efficiency by encouraging enterprise innovation opportunity response. The research conclusions are helpful to open the "black box" of the internal interaction process of the board of directors and deepen the research on the impact mechanism of the informal hierarchy of the board of directors.#br#The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects. First of all, most of the current research on the board of directors and enterprise focuses on the formal structure without the consideration of the interaction between members in China's "relationship-based" social and cultural background. Different from the previous studies on the overall level of the board of directors from the intermediate perspective, this paper focuses on the impact of the interaction between individual directors on the efficiency of enterprise innovation from the micro perspective. Secondly, this paper explores the relationship between the informal hierarchy of the board of directors and enterprise innovation efficiency from the new perspective of efficiency, which is a supplement to the previous research. Finally, unlike previous research on informal hierarchy of the board of directors with a focus on its direct impact and influencing factors, this paper deeply explores the impact path of informal hierarchy of the board of directors on enterprise innovation efficiency by constructing the research paradigm of "structure-response-efficiency" and combining the mediating effect test method. The study provides theoretical references for revealing the "black box" of internal interaction among board members.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (5): 50-59 [Abstract] ( 57 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1305KB] ( 131 )
60 The Impact of Alliance Portfolio Diversity on Enterprises' Persistent Innovation
He Yubing,Zhan Jiafeng
In the backdrop of open innovation, more and more enterprises attach importance to establishing alliance relationships with external organizations to carry out cross-border knowledge search and conduct joint knowledge creation. To maintain the persistence of technological innovation, enterprises are required to build closed alliance relationships based on cooperation with external organizations. Meanwhile, the form of alliance evolves from the bilateral alliance to the alliance portfolio of network organizations, in which enterprises could acquire different types and levels of resources. The alliance portfolio provides opportunities for enterprises to absorb diversified technologies, expand innovative value networks and construct more effective information channels, therefore helping enterprises identify and use new technologies and market opportunities. As the scope of an enterprise's participation in alliances is enlarged, the heterogeneity among alliance partners is thus enhanced. Undoubtedly, the characteristics of diversity in an enterprise's alliance portfolios will have a certain degree of influence on its innovation input and output.#br#Some scholars have explored the effect of alliance portfolio on the persistence of firm innovation based on the combining theory of open innovation and strategic alliance. However, most studies have focused on the internal factors of the enterprises, ignoring the role of external factors. Then the alliance portfolio is taken as an integrated variable in the existing research regarding the internal mechanism between alliance portfolio and persistent innovation. But it is convinced that an alliance portfolio should be analyzed from the perspective of diversity in the context of a focal firm that wants to ally with heterogeneous partners. Moreover, there are two contingent factors,i.e. complementary assets and structural holes,the relationship between alliance portfolio diversity and persistent innovation. However, few studies take the two variables as boundary conditions to explore the contingent effect of alliance portfolio diversity on persistent innovation. Therefore, this study aims to explore the moderating mechanism of complementary assets and structural holes in the influence of alliance portfolio diversity on persistent innovation. It first divides alliance portfolio diversity into three dimensions: partner diversity, functional diversity and governance diversity, and examines the internal relationship between these three alliance portfolio diversities and persistent innovation of enterprises; then it investigates the moderating effect of complementary assets and structural holes on the relationship respectively.#br#The sample is taken from listed companies that have released alliance announcements on the Shenzhen Growth Enterprise Market. On the basis of alliance data from 2013 to 2015 and 2014 to 2016 for three years each, the persistent innovation of the enterprise is measured by innovation input and output in the following years, namely 2016 and 2017. This study provides some interesting empirical results. Firstly, the results show that each dimension of alliance portfolio diversity has a certain degree of influence on the enterprises' persistent innovation. Among them, partner diversity has an inverted U-shaped curve relationship with the persistence of innovation investment, functional diversity has a positive impact on persistent innovation, and governance diversity has a negative impact on persistent innovation; secondly, this study confirms that complementary asset has a positive moderate effect on the relationship between functional diversity and persistent innovation, but has a negative moderate effect on the relationship between governing diversity and persistent innovation; thirdly, the results show that structural hole has a negative moderate effect on the relationship between functional diversity and persistent innovation, but it has a positive moderate effect on the relationship between governing diversity and persistent innovation.#br#On the whole, this study advances the understanding of how alliance portfolio diversity affects an enterprise's persistent innovation, expands the boundary conditions of the relationship between alliance portfolio diversity and persistent innovation of firms, and hence enriches the theoretical literature in the field of persistent innovation. As for the managerial implications, this study provides guidance for enterprises to implement persistent innovation. The enterprises should simultaneously pay attention to the diversity of partners, functions and governance when embedding or constructing an alliance portfolio to acquire innovation-related resources from heterogeneous external organizations;while they should properly use complementary assets and structural holes in the establishment and improvement of alliance portfolio for persistent innovation.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (5): 60-69 [Abstract] ( 97 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1311KB] ( 213 )
70 Boundary-Spanning Learning, Value Cognition Activation and Performance of Spin-off Entrepreneurship
Fu Binghai,Zhang Qingming,Sun Xiumei
Enterprises are required to have boundary-spinning learning as an ability to look for and acquire diverse resources against the complicated and volatile external environment. Simultaneously, the unpredictability of the environment will impact the enterprises' ability to acquire resources, and those with superior cognitive ability will be able to find valuable information sources. Value perception is an organization's comprehension and estimation of the value of its information resources, a knowledge structure for opportunity appraisal, and a resource allocation mindset. Value cognition plays a guiding role in information recognition and utilization, but how can value cognition be activated? Since a spin-off company is a type of firm with unique qualities and norms, and its embedded relationship with the parent organization is its defining characteristic, a spin-off startup's sustainable growth hinges on its ability to activate the value of itself and its parent resources.#br#In the setting of environmental unpredictability, no firm can have all the resources necessary for development, and boundary-spinning learning has garnered attention as a means of establishing connections with important external subjects to gain access to diverse resources. Dynamic capabilities influence the ability of organizations to make exploration, integrate efficiency, and increase the amount of learning and value perception in this process. Consequently, boundary-spinning learning in the setting of uncertainty has an effect on value perception in the form of resource replenishment, and value perception activation plays a part in the company growth process. It remains to be determined if there is a transmission effect of value perception activation between boundary-spinning learning and the performance of spin-off start-ups, as well as a moderating influence of dynamic capabilities between the two.#br#This research focuses on spin-off start-ups because they increase entrepreneurial dynamics as a unique kind of new venture creation while integrating the difficulties of start-ups with the relative resource advantages of original enterprises. On the basis of the resource-based theory and social cognitive theory, the research examines how boundary-spinning learning influences the performance of spin-off start-ups and aims to answer the following questions.(1) Can boundary-spinning learning effectively improve the performance of fissionable start-ups and promote the activation of value cognition in a complex environment? (2) Can value perception activation result in performance enhancement? Is there a transfer effect between cross-border learning and fission startup performance enhancement? (3) Can dynamic capabilities which are essential for enterprises to manage external environment unpredictability, mitigate the relationship between cross-border learning and value perception activation? This empirical study aims to elucidate the relationship between "learning" and "cognitive" and serve as a guide for improving the performance of spin-off start-ups.#br#In order to ensure the reliability and validity of the study, the scales used in this paper are selected on the basis of mature scales at home and abroad and in combination with the reality of new enterprises. The scope of this investigation is finally expanded to include companies that meet the standards after extensive elaboration and screening. The questionnaire gathering began in February 2022 and lasted for over six months with online and offline approaches, primarily by commissioning a specialized research firm to collect online questionnaires, and offline by gathering data through the social network connections of team members, including MBA and EMBA alumni resources. A total of 297 questionnaires are disseminated and 256 questionnaires are collected,with 213 questionnaires remaining valid and the effective recovery rate of 71.3%.#br#It is found that firstly boundary-spanning learning considerably increases the performance of fissionable startup businesses. It promotes the input of external heterogeneous knowledge resources, realizes the two-way linkage between internal and external resources,and boosts enterprise competitiveness. Secondly value cognition activation plays a crucial function in enhancing the success of new startup companies. As a type of knowledge structure and method of thought, value cognition is a distinctive enterprise asset. The increase of cognitive ability not only detects the potential value and application of knowledge resources, but also permits an inventive combination of such resources. Thirdly boundary-spanning learning facilitates value cognition activation, and the greater its dynamic capability, the greater the facilitation. Moreover, it can influence the performance of new startups through the activation of value cognition.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (5): 70-79 [Abstract] ( 45 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1333KB] ( 107 )
Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology
80 The Legal Mechanism to Stimulate China's Low Carbon Technological Innovation under the "Double Carbon" Goals
')" href="#"> Cao Xiaolu
Low-carbon technological innovation is critical for the realization of the "double-carbon" goals, and thus it is necessary to innovate the existing legal promotion mechanism of low-carbon technological innovation to meet the needs of China's low-carbon economic transformation under the "double carbon" goals. At present, there are four dilemmas in low-carbon technology innovation in China. First, there is dislocation of the division of power and responsibility in low-carbon technology innovation, that is, the dislocation of the division of power and responsibility among the government, enterprises and the public in low-carbon technology innovation. Second, the transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements in low-carbon technological innovation is low. In 2022, the transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements at the provincial and ministerial level in China was only 30%, while the rate in developed economies such as Europe and the United States reached over 50%. There is still a big gap between China and developed economies in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Third, the popularization rate of low-carbon technology innovation in publicity and promotion is low. The invention patents generated by low-carbon technology innovation are often highly professional. It is difficult for the general public to have a more consistent view of the actual application context of low-carbon technology. Fourth, there is a lack of a legal guarantee system for low-carbon technology innovation. At present, China has not formulated and issued a baseline law to deal with climate change and control greenhouse gas emissions. There is a lack of a legal system related to international low-carbon technology trade and environmental trade in China.#br#It is argued that the systematic innovation of low-carbon technology in China needs to shift from decentralized technology innovation to integrated low-carbon technology innovation, i.e., from the development mode of single renewable energy to the collaborative innovation of clean and low-carbon energy, from the front end of low-carbon technology research and development to supply-side innovation, from the distributed development of low-carbon technology to the collaborative innovation of the industrial chain, and from fragmented low-carbon technology innovation to institutional integration innovation.#br#This paper provides stimulation incentive mechanisms for low-carbon technology in China. The first is limited technology incentives. The government provides financial and tax support, that is, it stimulates low-carbon technology innovation through financial subsidies and tax incentives. The second is unlimited technology incentives, that is, low-carbon technology innovation is encouraged by market and property rights. The third is collaborative technology incentives. Government support measures and market incentives are applied at the same time. The last one refers to the all-round technology incentives by which a comprehensive and three-dimensional legal system to ensure low-carbon technology innovation could be built.#br#With the emphasis on the importance of establishing a legal mechanism to stimulate low-carbon technological innovation the paper proposes relevant suggestions. Firstly, it is necessary to establish a complete legal system to support low-carbon technological innovation. This means building a legal system that encourages low-carbon technological innovation at the level of laws, administrative regulations, and departmental rules. The second is to innovate the special legislative authorization model for local low-carbon technology innovation, which refers to developing regulatory systems that stimulate low-carbon technology innovation in pilot zones and replicating and promoting them nationwide after obtaining mature legislative experience. The third is to strengthen the dual legal incentives of finance and taxation for low-carbon technology innovation. The fourth is to build a trinitarian mechanism for promoting low-carbon technology innovation legislation for the government, enterprises, and consumers to promote low-carbon technology innovation on the ends of research and development, application, and consumption.#br#This paper clarifies low-carbon technology research and development as the highland of global technology competition in the coming decades, and it needs long-term and sustained large-scale investment. Only by establishing a legal system to stimulate enterprises' low-carbon technology innovation, can it provide stable expectations for enterprises' long-term and high-intensity low-carbon technology innovation investment at the institutional level, and stimulate enterprises' endogenous motivation to carry out low-carbon technology innovation to achieve the "double carbon" goals.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (5): 80-89 [Abstract] ( 89 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1321KB] ( 152 )
90 The Basic Principles, Regulation Trend and Future Prospects of Science and Technology Law
Chu Meng
Science and technology law, with its issue-oriented characteristics, is prone to a lack of systematism. This problem becomes more obvious with its ever-enlarging research domains and issues and bears the following characteristics: first, the hot spot of research has been changed from biotechnology to dual emphasis on biotechnology and information technology; second, with the market gradually replacing government as the main power for the operation of technological innovation, issues on privatization, ownership and transfer of technological achievements are more and more emphasized; third, researchers are more engaged in searching for a solution to the "man-to-man" and "state-to-state" control problem caused by "technological power". Though new domains and issues enrich the scope of research for science and technology law, they have also made it more difficult to systematize the research, and the systematic construction of science and technology law still has a long way to go.#br#This study delves into legislation and the research of recent years and finds a way towards systematizing science and technology law through the method of induction. The basic principles and regulatory trends of technology legislation are then summarized. "Humanism" is eligible to be the principle of science and technology law. It is manifested in both technological philosophy and the legal system, especially with the rise of "fourth-generation human rights", the enhanced enforcement of intellectual property rights, and more attention paid to safety in the field of technology. From this trend, a paradigm shift towards science and technology law that focuses on "humanity" has come into being and can be subdivided into four major parts: "freedom of scientific research", "incentive for innovation", "safety guarantee" and "sustainable development".#br#Combining humanism with the modernization of governance, the study manifests the consummation of regulation for science and technology law from four aspects. To begin with, the participation of multiple subjects is required in order to enhance the efficiency and democracy of regulation. In the next place, with the increasing power of super-platforms obscuring the distinction between the private and public sectors, the objects of regulation should be enlarged to cover every aspect that may have an adverse effect on people′s freedom. Meanwhile, anti-monopoly laws should play a more active role in regulating enterprises with market power. Furthermore, since there is a need for a "precautionary principle in a strong sense" to face a world filled with risks, the timing of regulation interference should be advanced. Therefore, the establishment of monitoring and early warning systems, the improvement of information disclosure mechanisms, and the requirement of "design compliance" are likely to be reflected in more and more technology legislation. Last but not least, a comprehensive method of regulation, including criminal justice, governance of technology, and regulation based on contexts, should be considered for the refinement of supervision, with dynamic adjustment and extending the authority of legislation as supplements. The aforementioned aspects related to regulation from the latest legislation and research constitute the external representation of the system of science and technology law.#br#The conclusions about science and technology law guided by the principle of "humanism" and its regulatory trend present opportunities for future research. First, future legislative and research efforts should be paid on the relationship between the government and the market, coordinating and balancing these two powers to better serve the goal of science and technology law. Second, future legislative attempts should focus on the balance between safety and human rights. Third, although how the cooperation and competition of different countries in the field of technology may shape future international and national law is still to be seen, the principle of "technology neutrality" is beyond dispute, and following this principle, specific strategies to respond to competition should be considered with an open mind. Finally, the interrelationship between technology and human nature should be further explored.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (5): 90-98 [Abstract] ( 70 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1261KB] ( 143 )
Knowledge Science and Knowledge Engineering
99 The Threshold Effect of Knowledge Distance on the Process of Knowledge Fusion in Collaborative Innovation: An Example from the New Energy Industry
Fang Gang,Liu Yu
High-quality innovation is stressed by the Chinese government and cooperation between enterprises can improve innovation competitiveness and strengthen financial support by gathering knowledge and technology resources, especially for enterprises of some new developing industries,such as new energy enterprises. However, the enterprise scale, research field,and technical capability can be multiplexed among those partners in practice, so the cooperation among different enterprises will be significantly different. As a result, the key and potential problem is how to have the proper combination among all innovation enterprises with various ability levels so as to realize technical challenges and increase technical competence to the utmost extent. Knowledge fusion as a foundation of collaborative innovation, at the micro level, is the key step in the production process of new knowledge, so the quantity of it in cooperation will be the measurement basis of innovation. In this process, it will lead to a negative impact when the capabilities of cooperative enterprises are extremely mismatched, and therefore, it is the premise for knowledge fusion to select the appropriate collaborative partners, which has been described as the knowledge distance.Thus, the study focuses on the research gap of the connection between knowledge fusion and knowledge distance neglected by previous studies, and initiatively regards knowledge base and knowledge input as internal factors in knowledge fusion, and aims at finding the proper knowledge distance that can promote knowledge fusion in the maximum extent by knowledge base and knowledge input.#br#This paper uses the Hansen panel threshold model which can find the appropriate range of knowledge distance to significantly increase the quantity of knowledge fusion, and selects the panel data of listed companies from 2015 to 2020 in the new energy industry and finally 60 companies are obtained for data integrity of the variables studied. The results show that knowledge distance has a double threshold effect in the research framework of knowledge base and knowledge input on knowledge fusion. Specifically, firstly, when the knowledge distance gradually decreases, the result that knowledge base width affects knowledge fusion early manifests as negative inhibition, then becomes positive promotion, and finally turns into negative inhibition again,and if the knowledge distance is too high or too low, there is a negative affect to promote knowledge fusion. Besides, the knowledge base width has a stronger inhibitory effect on knowledge fusion under high knowledge distance compared with the low,and only when the knowledge distance is in a suitable range, the knowledge base width shows a promoting effect. Secondly, in the connection between knowledge base depth and knowledge fusion, if knowledge distance exceeds a certain limit, it will obviously show that knowledge base depth negatively inhibits knowledge fusion, and only when the knowledge distance is low can the knowledge base depth positively promote the level of knowledge integration. Thirdly, knowledge input will significantly inhibit the level of knowledge fusion when the knowledge distance is low, and as the knowledge distance increases, the inhibitory effect is significantly weakened, but when the knowledge distance is too high and exceeds a certain degree, the inhibitory effect is strongly and significantly enhanced, and it exceeds the inhibitory strength of knowledge input on knowledge fusion under low knowledge distance. #br#Above all, this paper proposes the following practical suggestions. First, it is necessary to ensure that there are similar parts in technical fields among cooperative enterprises, so that knowledge can be combined more efficiently;second, there should be different knowledge and new technical fields among them so that it can provide new innovation inspiration, improve the organizations' innovation motivation, and maintain the innovation enthusiasm for them. Thus, the technical fields of collaborative enterprises should be both complementary in technical resources and related fields, so that the knowledge base can exert the greatest positive effect in the process of knowledge integration, promote the generation of new knowledge, and improve the organizations' technical innovation capability, so enterprises can maintain and improve competitiveness in the market. Moreover, with regard to the selection of partners, it is necessary to avoid large gaps of development scale among cooperative enterprises, otherwise it will negatively affect cooperation willingness and inhibit knowledge fusion in collaborative innovation.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (5): 99-108 [Abstract] ( 29 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1365KB] ( 126 )
109 Differentiated Empowering Leadership and Knowledge Employees' Knowledge Hiding: A Study Based on Multi-level Analysis
Guo Yuanyuan,Wu Liang,Chen Yilang,Qin Wu
In the current knowledge economy,knowledge hiding among knowledge employees has become a significant stumbling block. Such negative behaviors not only damage interpersonal relationships,but also greatly hinder employee creativity and organizational performance. Therefore,it has become the focus of both theoretical and practical circles to explore ways to curb knowledge hiding .#br#Leaders play a crucial role in shaping subordinates' work attitudes,motivation and performance,and the impact of leadership styles on employee knowledge hiding has been extensively explored in previous literature. As the organizational environment becomes more dynamic and knowledge-based employees become more autonomous,empowered leadership that focuses on sharing power and encouraging employees to self-manage is increasingly favored by managers. Some scholars have incorporated it into the research framework of knowledge hiding and found that leadership empowerment behaviors increase subordinates' satisfaction and stimulate their intrinsic motivation,which in turn increases their willingness to help other members. However,leadership empowerment is not homogeneous; in the context of Chinese society which is deeply rooted in human relationships,leaders often develop differentiated empowerment based on their different relationships with members. Differentiated empowering leadership has been found to produce significant effects on team innovation performance,equity climate,and employee creativity and performance,but little research attention has been paid to the effects on employee knowledge hiding behavior. #br#This paper examines the relationship between differentiated empowering leadership and knowledge hiding among knowledgeable employees. It explores the paths of action between the two at the team and individual levels respectively from a cross-level analytical perspective. First,at the team level,since employees tend to judge their own strengths and weaknesses and organizational fairness by comparing themselves with their peers,differential empowerment leadership will cause jealousy and conflicts among employees,thus weakening team trust and undermining the foundation for members' willingness to help each other. Therefore,following the social comparison theory,the paper argues that team trust plays a mediating role between differentially empowered leaders and knowledge hiding of knowledge-based employees. Second,at the individual level,employees face distinct challenges when encountering leaders with empowerment preferences. On one hand,employees who are more empowered must tackle numerous and complex work tasks,leading to an increased sense of role stress. On the other hand,employees who are less empowered are more likely to be overlooked by their leaders,resulting in a corresponding decline in work resources,a rise in job uncertainty,and consequently,an increased role load. In these situations,employees tend to overexert their emotional resources to cope with the role load,which would weaken their willingness to help others. Thus,at the individual level,the paper examines the serial mediating role of role load and emotional exhaustion in this relationship based on the role theory.#br#The questionnaires are distributed to 15 knowledge-intensive companies in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shanghai,involving various industries such as technology,medicine and finance. A total of 358 valid questionnaires are collected from 67 teams of employees after a two-stage survey. A multilevel regression model is constructed to test the results,and the findings are in line with the ideas above. The study reveals that leaders should thoroughly consider the issue of empowerment differences among employees when delegating authority to subordinates and avoid granting excessive authority to individual employees so as to reduce jealousy and suspicion among other team members. Simultaneously,leaders should communicate with employees in a timely manner before delegating authority to alleviate psychological pressure,enabling them to have greater confidence in accepting more challenging tasks. Additionally,for employees who are given less authority,leaders should provide necessary care and assistance to reduce the constraints imposed by their limited workplace resources.#br#In conclusion,this paper contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of how differentiated empowering leadership affects knowledge hiding behavior among knowledgeable employees. By identifying the mediating roles of team trust,role load and emotional exhaustion,it offers valuable insights into how leaders can mitigate the negative effects of differential empowerment on employee knowledge hiding.The findings provide implications for organizations to foster a culture of knowledge sharing and collaboration,and for leaders seeking to effectively balance the distribution of authority among subordinates to maximize team performance.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (5): 109-118 [Abstract] ( 48 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1306KB] ( 152 )
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
119 The Influence Mechanism of Psychological Need Satisfaction on the Public Service Motivation of Top Science and Technology Talents: The Moderating Effect of Social Support
Cheng Long,Jiang Chun
As the core of China's talent strategy, the top science and technology talents (top S&T talents) have their own job characteristics and professional attributes, and their public service motivation (PSM) has a profound impact on China's development speed, quality of development, and public life and health. It is therefore significant to explore, cultivate and utilize national S&T leading talents. This study focuses on the influencing factors of their PSM and aims to analyze the impact mechanism of the PSM of national S&T leaders and how to stimulate and enhance their PSM.#br#The paper takes 314 top S&T talents′ first-hand survey data as samples to conduct an empirical study on the influence mechanism of their PSM based on self-determining theory, public service motivation theory and resource conservation theory. In order to explore the satisfaction changes of the top S&T talents′ basic psychological needs, and the role of social support in influencing the public service motivation of national S&T leaders, it develops a scale consisting of 16 items from four dimensions: self sacrifice, public participation attraction, public value commitment and empathy. It adopts the Likert 5-point scoring method and uses SPSS 22.0 for descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis, and AMOS 20.0 for validity tests of related variables.#br#The following findings are concluded. First, both the satisfaction of psychological needs and social support have significant positive effects on PSM. That is, the higher the satisfaction of independent needs, competence needs and relationship needs, the stronger the motivation for public service, and the more social support they feel, the higher their level of public service motivation. Second, social support has a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between psychological need satisfaction and PSM. That is, when the level of social support is high, the effect of satisfaction of psychological needs on public service motivation is significant, but when the level of social support is low, the effect of satisfaction of psychological needs on public service motivation is not significant. Third, after top S&T talents are entitled "National Science and Technology Leading Talents", their satisfaction of psychological needs undergoes different changes, which are reflected in the enhancement of the satisfaction of competency needs, while the satisfaction of autonomy needs and the satisfaction of relationship needs may decline. Fourth, the focus of social support varies for different types of top technology talents, reflecting the need for more social support for top S&T innovation talents in organizational coordination, research devotion,family acquisition, etc., while top S&T entrepreneurship talents want to receive more social support in areas such as government-industry-university cooperation and technology transfer.#br#For the first time, this paper takes the top S&T talents of China as the research object. From a theoretical point of view, this paper confirms the contents of public service motivation theory, self-determination theory and resource conservation theory, and further enriches the connotation of these three theories. According to self-determination theory, external environmental factors can affect internal motivation by influencing the satisfaction of psychological needs and then affect the external motivation of public service; the above-mentioned influence mechanism is further demonstrated, which enriches the connotation of the public service motivation theory. At the same time, the psychological needs theory in self-determination theory divides the psychological needs into relational needs, self-determination needs and competence needs, and they promote external motivation to turn into internal motivation or enhance internal motivation. The change in the three different psychological needs of the top S&T talents enriches the dynamic change connotation of the basic psychological needs satisfaction. From a practical point of view, in order to strengthen the motivation of top S&T talents serving the public, it is essential to fully support the top S&T talents at the national and personal levels, including material support and spiritual encouragement.#br#This study is a preliminary exploration; future research can continue to explore the autonomy needs, competency needs, relationship needs of their respective mechanisms and compare their differences; on the other hand, researchers could introduce more variables, for example, job engagement, job burnout, job well-being and so on.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (5): 119-128 [Abstract] ( 37 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1329KB] ( 119 )
129 How Does Platform Leadership Improve Team Innovation Performance? A Chain Mediation Analysis Based on SEM and fsQCA
Li Min,Zhou Yingxia,Du Pengcheng
Continuous innovation is the key for organizations to gain sustainable competitive advantages against the increasing competition between the internal and external environments of enterprises. Platform leadership which emphasizes the importance of subordinate undertakings and encourages leaders to build a development platform for employees and for leaders and employees to grow together, has been proposed. Most of the previous studies have verified that platform leadership has a positive effect on individual innovation. However, there are few studies on the relationship between platform leadership and team innovation. Team innovation plays an important role in organizational innovation, and the existing research on the impact of platform leadership on individual innovation may not fully explain its impact on team innovation. Therefore, the impact of platform leadership on team innovation performance is the focus of this paper.#br#According to the connotation of platform leadership, this kind of leadership attaches importance to the growth of the leaders and their subordinates, embraces the diversity of team members, provides development planning for teams and individuals, and optimizes the platform in various ways, such as through organizational learning. Following the social information processing theory, this study believes that these characteristics of platform leadership can release positive information, thus promoting the formation of a team learning climate and fostering high knowledge field activity between leaders and team members and within team members to improve the team's innovation performance. Meanwhile, the team learning climate encourages team members to actively carry out knowledge exchange and thus improve the activity of the knowledge field. Therefore, this paper selects team learning climate and knowledge field activity as the mediators to explain the relationship between platform leadership and team innovation performance, and further links the two to build a chain mediation. In addition, considering that the process of team members ' knowledge interaction under the influence of team climate is affected by team environmental factors, this study further discusses the moderating effect of team psychological safety between team learning climate and knowledge field activity.#br#By employing the structural equation model ( SEM ), this study combines the fsQCA method to further analyze the antecedents of team innovation performance. All variables are measured using the Likert 5-point scale, except for the control variables. The feasibility of the study is guaranteed by a three-stage pre-survey. Then questionnaires through the online questionnaire survey platform ensure that the subjects come from a work team and are able to evaluate their straight-line leadership. Finally, the follow-up analysis is carried out based on the sample data of 496 knowledge workers from the high-tech industry.#br#The results of structural equation model analysis show that platform leadership is positively promoting team innovation performance; team learning climate and knowledge field activity play a mediating role between platform leadership and team innovation performance, respectively, and both of them play a chain mediating role; team psychological safety positively moderates the relationship between team learning climate and knowledge field activity. The results of qualitative comparative analysis not only support the above conclusions, but also find out two modes that improve team innovation performance, namely,leader-team interaction mode and team interaction mode '. It is also shown that there is asymmetry between the antecedent configuration of high team innovation performance and low team innovation performance.#br#The contributions of this study lie in three aspects. First, by extracting the leadership traits that are conducive to innovation in platform leadership, this study focuses on the aftereffect at the team level, and integrates platform leadership and team innovation performance in the same theoretical framework to verify the positive correlation between the two, thus enriching the research on the aftereffect of platform leadership and confirming the practicality of platform leadership; secondly, the mediating mechanism of platform leadership on team innovation performance is discussed, and the process of ' platform leadership shaping team environment—team environment influencing member behavior—obtaining positive team results ' is described; thirdly, the SEM and fsQCA methods are combined to further analyze the antecedents of high team innovation performance, and three paths of two modes of high team innovation performance are obtained, which provide guidance to improve team innovation performance.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (5): 129-139 [Abstract] ( 33 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1369KB] ( 172 )
Case Study Column
140 The Evolution Mechanism of Technological Innovation Capability of Private CNC Machine Tool Leading Enterprises：A Case Analysis of Haozhi Electromechanical
Zhai Xiaorong,Liu Yun,Guo Dong
High-end CNC machine tools are the core links of the manufacturing value chain and industrial chain. In recent years, a number of emerging private machine tool enterprises with core technologies and strong competitiveness have emerged in the domestic high-end CNC machine tool market, and have become an indispensable strategic scientific and technological force to realize the independent and controllable high-end machine tool equipment. It has become a key issue for enterprises to clarify the internal mechanism of private CNC machine tool leading enterprises so as to resolve edge locking problems,improve technological innovation capabilities and build competitive advantages in high-quality development.#br#This study takes Haozhi Electromechanical Co. Ltd. as the research object, and discusses how the leading enterprises of private CNC machine tools break the dual constraints of technology and market to achieve the advancement of innovation capability. (1) It is found that market development orientation is the key for private CNC machine tool leaders to cope with the turbulent environment and fierce competition. Compared with multinational foreign enterprises and large state-owned enterprises, private CNC machine tool enterprises have weak technical foundation, and their success is inseparable from the keen perception and strategic judgment of market demand and national policies. Private CNC machine tool enterprises identify market opportunity and competition with a market development orientation of "focusing on the low-end market —deepening the niche market — expanding the high-end market", and the transfer of market focus guides enterprises to change the knowledge base and enhance core technological innovation capabilities, so as to participate in the competition of a new niche market. (2) Moreover,from the perspective of knowledge search, the ability to acquire and utilize knowledge in enterprise technological innovation continues to leap forward, and the knowledge search strategy presents the dynamic evolution of "efficient knowledge search—exploratory knowledge search —open knowledge search". Accordingly private CNC machine tool enterprises carry out knowledge search and resource allocation activities to achieve knowledge accumulation and ability improvement. With the expansion of knowledge search, enterprises are encouraged to make independent innovation and establish a dynamic and efficient technology research and development system, and the knowledge coupling effect continues to be highlighted. (3) The technological innovation of private CNC machine tool enterprises relies on the interactive matching of market development orientation and knowledge search strategy. With the evolution of market development orientation and knowledge search strategy, the innovation values of enterprises have realized the transition from product competition to technology competition, from the pursuit of profit to the pursuit of brand value, and the technological innovation capability of enterprises has been continuously improved, realizing the innovation evolution process of "key technology breakthroughs based on product competition—core technology precipitation based on brand competition—core technology extension based on technology competition".#br#This study applies the theory of knowledge search to the research field of technological innovation of private CNC machine tool leading enterprises,and discusses the differentiated characteristics of knowledge search in response to market development orientation in different development situations. It enriches the process research of key and core technologies of enterprises. Enterprises are suggested to quickly explore and actively respond to market development and national policies, so as to make strategic decisions in the face of major national strategies and market demand gaps. Meanwhile,it is necessary to emphasize internal knowledge research and external knowledge acquisition, carry out efficient knowledge search activities based on the external development environment and internal knowledge base, and give play to the knowledge coupling effect. Finally,it is essential to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights and the self-cultivation of technology research and development talents, persistently strengthen the research of technology development strategy, promote the accumulation of core technology and product upgrading, and cultivate the "craftsman spirit". In addition, the government should include innovative private enterprises in the field of CNC machine tools into the scope of the new national system in the new era, and accelerate the cultivation of scientific and technological leaders in the field of high-end CNC machine tools, and create a policy environment conducive to the innovation and development of enterprises, especially private enterprises.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (5): 140-149 [Abstract] ( 28 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2058KB] ( 165 )
150 Catch-up and Dynamic Mechanism of Enterprise Complex Core Technologies:A Longitudinal Case Study on Huawei Wireless Network Technology
Zhang Yi,Yan Qiang
As China's industrial upgrading and technological innovation gradually enter the plateau, the key technologies that different industries rely on are more complex and interdependent. For example, the long-term investment in advanced semiconductor manufacturing, high-precision machine tools, high-tech materials and other technologies still lags far behind the world's advanced level, seriously constraining the security and sustainable development of the economy. How to realize the catch-up of complex core technologies has become an urgent problem for China's economy. However, the current research on complex core technologies lacks in-depth research on the relationship and coupling between technological complexity and core, and the mechanism between market dynamics and complex core technology innovation and latecomer catch-up. Thus,it is difficult to explain the large-scale core technology breakthrough and catch-up.#br#Following on technology portfolio innovation theory, this paper establishes a five-stage model of complex core technology innovation, sorts out complex core technologies from two aspects of complexity and core, and analyzes the innovation of complex core technologies, the main dilemma and dynamic mechanism of late catch-up in the longitudinal case study of the late development and catch-up process of Huawei wireless network technology(1994-2020). The main data comes from interviews with Huawei's R&D management personnel, group discussions, the author's on-site observation, interviews with the CEO and the head of wireless products and the minutes of speeches, the company's R&D work ethnography prepared by former employees, the company's public data and relevant academic documents, and other secondary materials. A comprehensive database of the case enterprise is established, and various materials are independently verified to improve the reliability and validity of the study. In the process of data analysis, the interview content and data collection are constantly supplemented according to the construction and theoretical construction until the theory is saturated.#br#According to the technology complexity and the formation of core technologies, the innovation process is divided into five stages: product prototype, market access, marginal market, core technology and core market, and they respectively realize the prototype innovation, complexity breakthrough, continuous improvement and innovation, core breakthrough and comprehensive market catch-up of complex product theory and technologies. The complexity and core of technologies come from the combination of innovation in technologies and the demands of the market. The technology complexity provides the overall advantages and economic power for the core, and the core of technology further enhances the technology complexity. The high market conversion cost of complex core technologies leads to the great dilemma of late comers and the path dependence of early comers, which requires late comers to make long-term and large-scale R&D investment to deal with the complexity and core of technologies respectively.#br#The theoretical contributions of this study mainly include the following aspects. Drawing on the theory of technology portfolio innovation, this paper proposes a five-stage innovation model of complex core technology through the analysis of technology evolution process, and further explains the reasons and driving mechanism of large-scale investment, high market conversion costs and ultra-long profit cycle in the context of complex core technology innovation and latecomer catch-up. Moreover,it analyzes the impact mechanism of the market on the complexity and core of technologies in different stages, the main difficulties of latecomer enterprises in the catching-up stage, and the technology and market dynamics of scale innovation, and it improves the dynamic mechanism of latecomer and catch-up of complex core technologies. Combined with further elaboration of the internal mechanism of the scale index growth of technology portfolio innovation and the multi-level network structure of complex core technologies, and the relationship and evolution between the complexity and core of technologies and market conversion costs from the five stages of complex core technology innovation, this paper deepens and expands the technology portfolio innovation theory in the context of complex core technologies. The research conclusions have practical implications for China's high-level technological innovation and comprehensive economic upgrading and transformation.#br#
2024 Vol. 41 (5): 150-160 [Abstract] ( 36 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1662KB] ( 141 )
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