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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY

	2023 Vol.40 Issue.18 Published 2023-09-25

	Innovation in Science and Technology Management Regional Scientific Development Industrial Technological Progress Enterprise Innovation Management Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology Review Knowledge Science and Knowledge Engineering Sci-tech Talent Cultivation

Innovation in Science and Technology Management

	1	Gain or Loss?The Double-edged Sword Effect of Artificial Intelligence Usage on Innovation Behavior
		Zhang Heng,Gao Zhonghua ,Li Huiling
		With the booming development and widespread use of intelligent robots and big data, a large number of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have emerged in the workplace, bringing many challenges to traditional human resource management. This not only changes the business process and work content of employees, but also increases the time pressure and threat of substitution, which makes people unable to focus on innovation activities and becomes a major obstacle to employee innovation. Although many scholars have analyzed the possible positive or negative effects of AI technology applications from different perspectives, the "double-edged sword" effect of AI usage on employees' innovation behavior has not been explored in depth from an integrated perspective. From the perspective of positive effects, AI technologies can reduce mechanical and repetitive tasks, so that employees have more time and energy to focus on innovative parts and increase the possibility of achieving innovative results. However, at the same time, AI technology leads to AI replacement fear while increasing individual time pressure, which further decreases employees' sense of organizational support and reduces innovative behavior. Therefore, the impact of AI usage on employees' innovative behavior is both positive and negative. Hence, on the basis of job requirement-resource model, this study explores the "double-edged sword" effect of AI technology application on innovation behavior through the loss path of job requirement (mediated by job insecurity) and the gain path of job resource (mediated by perceived job autonomy), as well as the moderating effect of learning goal orientation. #br#Two independent studies are conducted through contextual experimental and questionnaire methods.specifically,study 1 uses a two-factor intergroup experimental design(AI usage: high vs. low; learning goal orientation: high vs. low) . A questionnaire including manipulation test, job insecurity, perceived job autonomy and innovative behavior is distributed to 300 subjects, with 278 valid questionnaires retrieved. Study 2 selects employees from four companies applying AI in Shenzhen and Beijing as the research subjects. After two rounds of investigation about the AI usage, learning goal orientation and demographic variables, and assessment of job insecurity, perceived job autonomy, and innovation behavior, 418 valid questionnaires are obtained.#br#To test the hypotheses, a series of analyses based on a contextual experimental method and a multi-stage questionnaire are made. The empirical results indicate that AI usage had a significant positive effect on job insecurity; job insecurity played a mediating role in the relationship between AI usage and employees' innovative behavior; AI usage had a significant positive effect on employees' perceived job autonomy; perceived job autonomy played a mediating role in the relationship between AI usage and employees' innovative behavior; learning goal orientation positively moderates the relationship between AI usage and job insecurity and plays a moderating role in the indirect effect of AI usage influencing employees' innovative behavior through job insecurity; learning goal orientation positively moderates the relationship between AI usage and perceived job autonomy and plays a moderating role in the indirect effect of AI usage influencing employees' innovative behavior through perceived job autonomy.#br#This study makes several theoretical and managerial contributions. First, it comprehensively examines the "double-edged sword" effect of AI usage on employees' innovative behavior, and vividly presents the positive and negative effects of AI usage on employees' innovative behavior, thus providing a comprehensive and dialectical research perspective for AI usage in the context of organizational management research. Second, by exploring the "black box" between AI usage and employees' innovative behavior from the perspective of both job requirements and job resources, it broadens the study of the indirect influence mechanism of AI usage. Third, this study introduces the key moderating variable of learning goal orientation, and explores the boundary mechanism of the "double-edged sword" effect of AI usage on employees' innovative behaviors from the perspective of individual control over work. The study helps managers to intervene in advance to enhance the positive effects of AI usages on employees' psychological and behavioral behaviors.#br#
		2023 Vol. 40 (18): 1-11 [Abstract] ( 427 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1422KB] ( 849 )

	12	The Structure Exploration and Scale Development of Academic Entrepreneurs' Identity Integration
		Lin Chen,Zhou Xiaohu,Wang Mengze,Hou De'en
		As the actors of academic entrepreneurship, academic entrepreneurs might have cognitive and behavioral inadaptability from dual identities with differences in logic, culture and system. Identity integration initially captured the degree to which bicultural individuals see their identities as compatible and integrated (high identity integration) or as oppositional and challenging to integration (low identity integration), which opened up a new perspective for studying multiple identities. Therefore, it is of great significance for solving the identity dilemmas by clarifying the connotation and level of identity integration of academic entrepreneurs.#br#This study systematically reviews the research on identity integration. A small number of studies on identity integration in business and management prove the positive role of identity integration. From the perspective of matching research objects, academic entrepreneurs are at the intersection of business culture and academic culture and have the dual identities of scholar and entrepreneur. Therefore, it is feasible to introduce identity integration into academic entrepreneurship.There are some deficiencies in the study of identity integration of academic entrepreneurs. Researchers should pay more attention to the uniqueness of academic entrepreneurs and the particularity of the Chinese cultural context.#br#This paper introduces the concept of identity integration into the study of academic entrepreneurship to bring new insights into the better handling of dual identities by academic entrepreneurs. It aims to figure out what structural dimensions academic entrepreneur identity integration consists of and how to measure them. Firstly, this study extracts the core connotation and dimensions of academic entrepreneur identity integration through the grounded theory method. The data is based on interviews and archival data from 12 academic entrepreneurs. After open, axial, and selective coding, it refines four dimensions of academic entrepreneur identity integration, including evaluation of identity distance, endeavor of identity fusion, perception of identity conflict, and inclination of identity harmony, which are reflected in cognitive, behavioral, and emotional levels. Then with the theoretical basis and qualitative research results, this study establishes a pool of items. It conducts item evaluation and pilot testing to reduce items and ensure the validity of the scale. Eight experts in relevant fields are invited to evaluate the questions, and 80 questionnaires are distributed for pre-research. Finally, using the empirical survey data of 420 academic entrepreneurs, this study conducts exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The results confirm that the scale has good reliability and validity.#br#The research provides a measuring tool for the empirical analysis and microscopic study of academic entrepreneurship, enriches the exploration of entrepreneurial cognition, and expands the application field of identity integration. Firstly, unlike previous studies that regard dual identity as incompatible, this study focuses on the paradoxical relationship of dual identity. From the perspective of social identity theory, identity integration is introduced into academic entrepreneurship research, which responds to the call for deepening the micro-research agenda in the field of academic entrepreneurship and promotes the integration of academic entrepreneurship research and social psychology research. Secondly, this paper is an early study of identity integration against the entrepreneurial backdrop. This study proposes that identity integration can be regarded as part of entrepreneurial cognition. The scale developed can be applied to more entrepreneurial situations after appropriate revision. Therefore, this study can promote the development of entrepreneurial identity research and enrich the exploration of entrepreneurial cognition. Finally, considering the differences between academic entrepreneurs and other multiple identity groups, this study re-explores the dimensions and develops the scale. On the one hand, the research conclusion once again verifies that identity integration is a multi-dimensional structure; on the other hand, it reflects the pursuit of harmony and inclusiveness in Chinese culture, presents the different dimensions from previous studies, and expands the application of identity integration in different cultural contexts and multiple identities.#br#
		2023 Vol. 40 (18): 12-21 [Abstract] ( 122 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1273KB] ( 425 )

Regional Scientific Development

	22	The Economic Causes of Innovation Primacy in Central Cities and theInfluence on the Agglomeration of R&D Elements
		Yang Haodong,Wang Gaofeng
		The regional innovation structure is a spatial projection of innovation capability, and the differences and evolution of regional innovation structures have always been hot topics in the academic and business communities. Regional innovation coordination is a key link in the regional coordinated development strategy, and the realization of the latter is inseparable from the rational layout of innovation-driven development from the perspective of space. For a long time, due to differences in innate resource endowments and policy orientations, China's regional innovation imbalance has been prominent. This imbalance is manifested both between different regions and within the same region. In particular, under the administrative hierarchy of Chinese cities, there are many discussions on the impacts of the dual structure between provincial capitals and non-provincial capital cities on the overall economic development, which is also reflected in the research on the theme of urban primacy. The existing literature shows that with economic development, differences within an economy will show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Then, are there similar changes in regional innovation differences in different stages of economic development? The answer to this question is of great significance for clarifying the relationship between innovation differences and economic development. #br#If the research with primacy as the explained variable focuses on what determines the primacy of a city (abductive), then the research with primacy as an explanatory variable aims to examine what impact it has on economic and social development (seeking results). Although the existing research has explored its impact on innovation development from different perspectives, such as city scale, urban agglomeration structure, central city, and the strategies of strengthening the provincial capital. However, it ignores the possible relationship between urban innovation differences in the region and the overall innovation.The existing studies on primacy have examined the impact of primacy indicators calculated from GDP or population data on economic development. However, the expansion of innovation primacy is comparatively insufficient, so it is necessary to explore the relationship between innovation primacy in provincial capitals and the overall innovation development of the province. Therefore, this paper focus on the issue of how the primacy of urban innovation will affect the agglomeration of overall R&D elements in the region.#br#On the basis of the existing research, this paper takes the innovation indicator value of provincial capital cities as the numerator, and the sum of the innovation index and the overall index of the largest city except provincial capital cities as the denominator to characterize the urban innovation primacy. Then this paper reflects the agglomeration of R&D elements with the agglomeration of R&D personnel, and selects the location entropy calculated from the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel in each province and the year-end resident population as the proxy variable. By drawing on the inter-provincial panel data in China since the new century, the two-stage least squares method, semi-parametric kernel regression and qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy sets are used for investigation. #br#The research analysis has found that (1)with the economic development, after the regional innovation has changed from polarization to convergence, the innovation primacy shows a trend of first increase and then decrease (“Williamson hypothesis”); (2) there is an M-shaped relationship between innovation primacy and the aggregation of R&D elements (talents), and the relationship reflects if the role of the provincial capital city's leading role is too large or too small, and it also reveals the existence of the phenomenon of "urban concentration trap"; (3) innovation primacy is neither a necessary condition for achieving high (low) R&D talent agglomeration, nor does it constitute a core factor for a high (low) agglomeration configuration. Compared with the non-high configuration, the first degree exists with a lack of conditions in the high talent agglomeration path, which also reflects that the phenomenon of "one city dominance" is a sub-optimal strategic choice for realizing the agglomeration of high R&D elements. This paper discusses the primacy of innovation, and provides not only a further expansion of the research on primacy in the context of innovation, but also a test of the development orientation of geographic structure differentiation of regional innovation.#br#
		2023 Vol. 40 (18): 22-32 [Abstract] ( 119 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1555KB] ( 471 )

	33	The Influence of Scientific and Technological Innovation and Learning Effect in Central Cities on Regional Common Prosperity
		Li Hongtao,Wang Lili
		The significance of the leading role of central cities and urban agglomerations is highly stressed in China. It is the key to achieving common regional prosperity in the new era by promoting the balance of regional development in the form of central cities and urban agglomerations. However, due to the endogenous and external influences of scientific and technological innovation on economic growth, the agglomeration-diffusion effect acts on regional economic development at the same time, making it difficult for the central city's scientific and technological innovation to promote the common prosperity of the regional development gap convergence.#br# The scientific and technological innovation of the central city mainly plays a leading role in the cities with the learning effect, that is, other large, medium and small cities in the region with the learning effect can receive the influence of the radiation diffusion effect of the central city's scientific and technological innovation. The path selection of the diffusion effect formed by technological innovation in the central city should be considered. Therefore, the model framework of evolutionary economic geography theory is introduced and the mechanism of central city technological innovation promoting regional common prosperity is analyzed from the perspective of dynamic evolution.#br#In the theoretical analysis, due to the objective existence of central city agglomeration-diffusion effects in the process of central city and regional development, cities will experience increasing returns to scale in the early stage of development, constant returns to scale in the mature stage of development, and constant returns to scale in the later stage of development. The returns to scale exhibit a decreasing nonlinear dynamic evolution, and the development of cities is also restricted by competition from other cities and objective resource endowments. On the basis of the theory of evolutionary economic geography, the study introduces the ecological logistic curve model, and establishes a common prosperity model between cities including the dynamic changes of agglomeration-diffusion effects through mathematical models, so as to integrate the endogenous and external problems of technological innovation in economic growth and it builds a unified analysis model to realize the analysis of the impact mechanism of technological innovation in central cities on regional common prosperity on the conditions of inter-city exchange competition and resource endowment constraints. Through mathematical model derivation and theoretical analysis, the study puts forward two research hypotheses: first, the central city has a leading role in both dimensions of technological innovation and learning effect, and by strengthening the technological innovation and learning effect of the central city, it can promote regional common prosperity; second, the spatial spillover effect of scientific and technological innovation exists in the path selection of location elements, and tends to form a spillover effect to regions with more economic scale, market scale and learning ability.#br#In the empirical analysis, the study takes the 19 largest urban agglomerations in China as the research object, establishes panel data from 2007 to 2020, and verifies the research hypothesis through fixed effects, endogenous tests, counterfactual estimation, and spatial econometric models. The research has found that the technological innovation and learning effect of the central city can significantly promote the common prosperity of the region. Among them, the improvement of central cities through scientific and technological innovation can play a role in promoting the economic growth of other cities in the urban agglomeration, and the expansion of the learning ability and market scale of central cities is conducive to narrowing the income gap between cities in the urban agglomeration. Second, scientific and technological innovation in central cities mainly forms spatial spillover effects through the economic connection and learning ability between cities.It is concluded that central city technological innovation can significantly promote the narrowing of urban agglomeration development gaps and achieve regional common prosperity. Meanwhile there is a path choice for the spatial spillover effect of scientific and technological innovation in the central city. The main path is the economic connection and learning ability between cities to form a driving effect on other large, medium and small cities in the urban agglomeration. Therefore, it is essential to expand the spatial pattern of mutual integration between cities, and enhance the coordinated development of scientific and technological innovation in urban agglomerations for the high-quality development of large, medium and small urban agglomerations.#br#
		2023 Vol. 40 (18): 33-41 [Abstract] ( 121 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1287KB] ( 390 )

Industrial Technological Progress

	42	R&D Double Cycle Spillover, Value Chain Climbing and Manufacturing Technology Transition:Empirical Evidence from 2008-2020
		Song Wei,He Jiyang,Zhou Yong,Dong mingfang
		Since the reform and opening up, China's manufacturing industry has transformed from a follower to a counterpart of those in the developed countries in the process of technology imitation and equipment introduction by using large-caliber international circulation, and has realized the catch-up of technology. The "zigzag lead" between China and the United States has broken the previous US-led global value chain system. With the continuous escalation of trade frictions between China and the United States, the supply side of R&D spillovers is blocked. The "supply decoupling" of key and core technologies and the "chain decoupling" of global industrial transfer have further increased the risk of anti-globalization, and the marginal contribution of using international circulation to promote the technological leap of China's manufacturing industry is increasingly weak. The shift from "spillover inside" to "internal and external spillovers" has become an important support for the transformation to a manufacturing power under the new development pattern. It is urgent to verify if the traditional R&D international circulation spillover will help the manufacturing industry break through the R&D obstacles, and under the new development pattern, what kind of R&D spillovers China's manufacturing industry has to effectively promote the technology leap of manufacturing industry, and then move forward to a manufacturing power.#br#The climbing of the value chain is an important guarantee for unblocking the R&D spillover channels, promoting the transformation of the national value chain to the global value chain, and realizing the technological leap of manufacturing industry by building a R&D system centered on China's manufacturing industry. Strengthening and expanding the regional and local effects of R&D spillovers has become the only way for China's manufacturing industry to use R&D spillovers to drive up the global value chain, and realize the technological leap of manufacturing industry. Especially since the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008, the accelerated return of manufacturing industries in major developed countries has impeded the international R&D circulation spillover. According to the development pattern of global and regional innovation , the domestic and international R&D circulation spillovers have entered a rebalancing state in the framework of big cycle. This rebalancing state determines the embedding position and climbing height of manufacturing industry in the global value chain, and the R&D double-cycle spillover and value chain climbing are the decisive factors affecting the technological leap of China's manufacturing industry.#br#On the basis of the existing literature and the panel data of China's manufacturing industry from 2008 to 2020, this paper estimates the effects of R&D double-cycle spillovers and value chain climbing on the technological transition of manufacturing industry. The results show that with the comprehensive expansion of intelligent capital in new technology fields such as artificial intelligence and big data, the low adaptability of supply and demand caused by the continuous iteration of new demand makes the positive effect of R&D double-cycle spillover on the technological transition of manufacturing industry insignificant.By further incorporating the value chain climb, it is found that the R&D double-cycle spillover characterized by "zigzag leading" reduces the risk of "chain break" and "supply break" in China's manufacturing industry; it improves the added value and competitiveness of the manufacturing industry, promotes the extension of China's manufacturing industry to both ends of the global value chain, and has a significant positive effect on the technological leap of the manufacturing industry. #br#Compared with the existing literature, the contribution of this paper is mainly reflected in two aspects. First, considering that different types of R&D spillovers have significant differences in the technological transition of manufacturing industry, this paper examines the mechanism of R&D double-cycle spillovers affecting the technological transition of manufacturing industry on the basis of distinguishing different R&D spillover channels under the new development pattern. Secondly, starting from the rebalancing state in the framework of the R&D big cycle, it introduces the value chain climbing into the model, and makes a deep investigation of the dynamic mechanism of the R&D double cycle spillover and the value chain climbing on the manufacturing technology transition.#br#
		2023 Vol. 40 (18): 42-49 [Abstract] ( 124 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1249KB] ( 426 )

	50	Evaluation and Optimization of Digital Transformation Capability of Manufacturing Based on Order Parameter-TOPSIS Method
		Wen Xin,Chen Junhong,Yin Yanna
		Digitalization is leading the manufacturing industry transformation, quality transformation and efficiency transformation, and accelerating the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry. In theory, domestic and foreign scholars' research on the digital transformation of manufacturing industry mainly focuses on three aspects: the integration mechanism of digital economy and manufacturing industry, evaluation on digital transformation development of manufacturing, and the path and countermeasures of digital transformation of manufacturing industry. There are some attempts and explorations in the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry in the relevant research results at home and abroad, and they have laid a certain foundation for the follow-up research. The evaluation and regulation of the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry in theory and practice still need further exploration. Only a few studies focus on the digital transformation process of the manufacturing industry from the perspective of collaborative process to explore the connotation, identification and evaluation of the digital transformation capabilities of the manufacturing industry. Therefore, it directly determines the process and future development of manufacturing digitalization whether the digital transformation status and level of the manufacturing industry can be effectively identified and regulated.#br#In terms of theoretical Construction, on the basis of defining the connotation of manufacturing digital transformation capabilities, this study uses Citespace literature analysis software to analyze 462 related research literature on manufacturing digital transformation. According to the analysis results,the characteristics of manufacturing digital transformation capabilities and formation mechanism can be summarized. At the same time, by introducing the theory of synergy and applying the principle of order parameters, the digital transformation capability identification index system is finally constructed from four aspects: digital support capability, digital innovation capability, digital application capability and sustainable development capability. In addition, by combining the order parameter identification method based on the target planning evaluation model with the TOPSIS method, a capability identification and evaluation method that can highlight the advantages of the main body of the manufacturing industry and the leading factors in the process of digital transformation is proposed, and the objective state and relative level of digital transformation of manufacturing industry are judged. The study further identifies the TOPSIS ranking of the samples under the individual order parameters, democratic order parameters, and dominant order parameters.Furthmore it puts forward the optimization strategy for the digital transformation capability of the manufacturing industry in 8 cases, and can provide the manufacturing industry with the appropriate strategies of digital transformation.#br#In practical application, the digital transformation capability of the manufacturing industry is a key factor to orderly promoting the digital upgrading of the manufacturing industry. Effective identification and analysis of the digital transformation capability are conducive to grasping the key links of the digital transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, and then help to improve the efficiency and effect of the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry. This paper selects the data in the practice of manufacturing digital transformation in 30 regions of China for actual calculation, and finds that the manufacturing digital transformation capability of China is in the growth period and it is related to the level of economic development. The manufacturing digital transformation capability of regions with high economic levels is strong, and the advantages of economically underdeveloped regions are reflected in the sustainable development ability. According to the calculation results and the optimization strategies, the corresponding optimization strategies for different regions in China can be obtained. For example, the advantages of Hunan, Ningxia and Jilin are reflected in the dimension of digital innovation capability, from which other provinces and cities can learn. Finally, the countermeasures and suggestions for digital transformation are put forward from the aspects of strategic planning and transformation model, which can provide decision-making reference for the government departments and enterprises in relevant industries.#br#
		2023 Vol. 40 (18): 50-60 [Abstract] ( 160 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2335KB] ( 365 )

Enterprise Innovation Management

	61	Cooperation Network Characteristics,Enterprise Knowledge Diversification and Generic Technology Spillover
		Ma Yonghong,Luan Haowei,Wang Qi,Wang Na
		With the promotion of the "Industry 4.0" strategy by various countries in the world, the global science and technology competition is increasingly fierce. The technology competition has shifted the focus from "single technology" to "generic technology". It is the key for China to master generic technology so as to achieve industrial transformation and upgrading as well as occupy a leading position in the global science and technology competition. As a pre-competitive technology connecting basic science and commercial applications, generic technology needs to be widely spilled to fully realize its potential value. The existing research based on the network perspective ignores the impact of network location and relationship characteristics on generic technology spillover, and lacks the research that brings the external cooperation network and internal knowledge base into the same framework. Therefore, this paper aims to study the differential impacts of different types of enterprise characteristics in the cooperative network on generic technology spillover, as well as the synergy mechanism between internal knowledge diversification, external cooperative network and generic technology spillover.#br#Thus from the network perspective, this paper takes 86 listed companies in the electronic information equipment manufacturing industry in China as the research sample, and uses their patent data to build generic technical cooperation network. Applying the negative binomial regression method to empirically study the impact of enterprise location characteristics and relationship characteristics on generic technology spillover in the generic technology cooperation network, and examining the moderating effect of enterprise knowledge diversification. #br#The results show that the location characteristics of enterprises in the generic technology cooperation network, that is, centrality and structural holes, have a significant positive impact on generic technology spillover, and the effect of centrality is stronger. Enterprises with a high degree of centrality have more partners and higher prestige status, and they can carry out technical exchanges more conveniently in the network, so as to promote the spillover of generic technology. Enterprises occupying the position of structural holes act as a "bridge" in the network, and can use their control advantages to improve the flow efficiency of information and resources in the network, so as to promote the spillover of generic technology. The relationship characteristics of enterprises in the generic technology cooperation network (i.e., the connection strength) has a significant positive impact on the generic technology spillover, but its effect is relatively weak. There are frequent technical exchanges and a high level of mutual trust between strong relationship embedded enterprises and their partners, which can promote the exchange of formal and modeling information, eliminate the threat of opportunism, and enhance the spillover effect of generic technology. The diversification of enterprise knowledge has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between enterprise centrality, structural hole and generic technology spillover, but has no moderating effect on the relationship between connection strength and generic technology spillover. Diversified knowledge elements provide enterprises with a complete knowledge base which can meet the knowledge search needs of external network organizations, and enhance the control advantage of structural hole enterprises in the network, so as to strengthen the centrality of cooperative networks and the role of structural holes in promoting generic technology spillover. The phenomenon of knowledge homogeneity and "technology lock-in" between enterprises and their closely related partners makes knowledge diversification have no moderating effect on the relationship between connection strength and generic technology spillover.#br#Compared with the existing literature, the possible marginal contribution of this paper lies in the following two aspects. Firstly, from the perspective of network, it provides new evidence and ideas for research on the relationship between cooperative network characteristics and generic technology spillover. Secondly, it brings the internal knowledge base and external cooperation network into the same research framework, reveals the synergy mechanism between internal knowledge diversification, external cooperation network characteristics and generic technology spillover. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of internal knowledge diversification in generic technology cooperation. The research conclusion enriches the theoretical perspective of generic technology spillover, and has important practical significance for the healthy development of generic technology cooperation network, the rational distribution of enterprise internal knowledge base and the full spillover of generic technology.#br#
		2023 Vol. 40 (18): 61-71 [Abstract] ( 133 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1446KB] ( 260 )

	72	The Impact of Network Structural Embeddedness on Radical Innovation Performance:The Evidence from the Listed Biopharmaceutical Enterprises
		Shao Yunfei,Xie Li
		The lack of core technologies remains the major development bottleneck for China.Therefore,it is imperative to promote radical innovation to strengthen the originality and leading research.Enterprises are key subjects of innovation and responsible for serving the major needs of the country and it is of great practical significance to explore the radical innovation performance of enterprises for China's innovation development.Existing studies generally agree that structural embedding can provide an advantage for firms to obtain innovation resources from external agents, and thus have an impact on their innovation performance.These studies focus on the relationship between structural embedding and innovation performance of firms, while radical innovation is different from conventional innovation and relies more on acquiring innovation resources from collaborative networks for its high risk and novelty characteristics, but there is a lack of existing studies that explore its impact on radical innovation performance from the perspective of structural embedding, and the mechanism between them needs to be further clarified.#br#Therefore, focusing on radical innovation,this study deconstructs the structural embedding variable based on social network theory, divides it into centrality and structural holes, and explores the impact of structural embedding on the radical innovation performance of enterprises.By using the invention patent data of listed companies in the biopharmaceutical industry from 2000 to 2020, an empirical study is conducted using a 5-year moving window to construct a corporate partnership network.In addition, although structural embedding provides a locational advantage for firms to access heterogeneous resources, which in turn brings many benefits to firms' radical innovation performance, the strength of relationship between innovation networks members and the small-world nature of the overall network characteristics has an impact on the quality, type, and cost of firms' access to resources, which may result in different levels of radical innovation performance.Therefore,relationship strength and small-worldness are taken as the moderating factors in the research framework.#br#The research results show the inverted U-shaped relationship between centrality and radical innovation performance.A large number of direct partners are not conducive to radical innovation performance, and when the number of direct partners exceeds a certain threshold, the company cannot integrate the resources shared by many partners well due to its own limited absorption capacity, and also consumes a lot of management costs.Relationship strength weakens the inverted U-effect between centrality and radical innovation performance.When a company maintains a moderate number of direct partners, the company shares resources from partners to compensate for its own resource limitations, which in turn promotes radical innovation performance.However, if a firm continues to cooperate with a fixed partner, the knowledge, technology and other innovation resources exchanged with the two partners will gradually become redundant as the cooperation increases, thus weakening the role of centrality in promoting radical innovation performance.In contrast, the speed of diffusion and spread of innovation resources in a small-world network is enhanced, which reduces the loss caused by intermediate transmission links, avoids distortion of resource transmission, and improves the efficiency of resource transfers, thus enhancing the role of centrality in promoting the radical innovation performance of enterprises.In addition, companies in the structural hole can access non-redundant innovation resources in the network by contacting partners who are separated from each other, thus realizing the intersection of multiple knowledge domains, and the collision of different knowledge domains is conducive to generating radical ideas and enhancing radical innovation performance.As these heterogeneous knowledges is at a large distance from the company's original knowledge, the high level of relationship strength helps the company to absorb and digest the heterogeneous knowledge and other resources acquired by the structural hole, thus strengthening the facilitating relationship between the structural hole and radical innovation performance.Small-worldness accelerates the speed of acquiring heterogeneous resources from structural holes, which induces knowledge "indigestion" and makes it more difficult for companies to integrate these heterogeneous resources, thus weakening the role of structural holes in promoting radical innovation performance.#br#This study explores the influencing factors of radical innovation performance from the perspective of structural embedding with redefined variables.It reconciles the paradox of structural embedding paradox and helps to further understand the relationship between centrality and radical innovation performance.#br#
		2023 Vol. 40 (18): 72-79 [Abstract] ( 108 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1323KB] ( 528 )

	80	Dimension Exploration and Scale Development of Organizational Implants of Manufacturing enterprises in the Context of Digital Servitization
		Wang Rong,Chen Juhong
		With new characteristics in the context of digital servitization, organizational implants are an important way for manufacturing enterprises to provide advanced services for customers. However, there has been no normative research on the dimension and scale of organizational implants in manufacturing enterprises under the context of digital servitization. Clarifying the content of organizational implants of manufacturing enterprises in the context of digital servitization is conducive to the in-depth understanding of the organizational implants in the digital servitization transformation for manufacturing enterprises, and also helps scholars to carry out quantitative research on digital servitization and organizational implants. In view of this, the paper discusses the dimension exploration and scale development of organizational implants of manufacturing enterprises in the context of digital servitization. #br#The research team interviews 19 employees from 7 manufacturing enterprises in depth to collect the original data. The grounded theory is applied to explore the structural dimension of organizational implants of manufacturing enterprises in the context of digital servitization. Open coding, axial coding, selective coding and theoretical saturation test are conducted on the interview data. Then 22 concepts, namely the initial category, 8 sub-categories and 2 main categories are obtained for the analysis of the dimension exploration results. On this basis, the scale for measuring organizational implants of manufacturing enterprises in the context of digital servitization is developed. Firstly, the initial scale of organizational implants with 17 items is established. Then, the data are collected through a small sample pre-survey, and the scale is purified and modified by item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and other methods successively. Finally, data are collected through a large sample questionnaire survey, and quantitative methods such as confirmatory factor analysis are used to test the reliability and validity of the scale. Finally, a 2-dimesion and 13-item measure scale of organizational implants with good reliability and validity is obtained.#br#The results show that organizational implants of manufacturing enterprises in the context of digital servitization consist of 2 dimensions: employee implants and device implants. Employee implants provide offline nanny or housekeeper services to customers face-to-face in the form of employees settling in the customer site. Its behavioral elements include interpersonal interaction, knowledge sharing, information exchange, and the relationship capital built therefrom. Device implants provide online and remote operation and maintenance services for customers in the form of smart components embedded into product equipment. Its behavioral elements include data collection, data analysis, data application and the resulting data resources. #br#Employee implants is measured by 7 items: there are active communications between on-site employees of manufacturing enterprises and employees of customer enterprises; the on-site employees of manufacturing enterprises have established good personal friendship with the employees of customer enterprises; employees of customer enterprises on site can actively answer business-related questions raised by on-site employees of manufacturing enterprises; the on-site employees of the manufacturing enterprises promote the work process by exchanging ideas with the employees of customer enterprises; the on-site employees of manufacturing enterprises can get the real view of the customer enterprises on the use of the current product equipment; the on-site employees of the manufacturing enterprises can know the detailed requirements of the customer enterprises for the future ideal products and services; the on-site employees of manufacturing enterprises can obtain industry market information collected by customer enterprises. #br#Device implants are measured by 6 items: manufacturing enterprises analyze the collected data to evaluate the health status of the products currently used by customer enterprise; manufacturing enterprises analyze the collected data to predict the possible failure of customer enterprises using the product; manufacturing enterprise analyze the collected data and prepare the spare parts that may need to be replaced for customers in advance; manufacturing enterprises explore the problems in product design by mining the accumulated big data of products; manufacturing enterprises verify customers' bad behavior in using products by the accumulated product big data; manufacturing enterprises tap into accumulated big data to predict potential new demands from customers.#br#The research conclusions can effectively reflect the contents of organizational implants of manufacturing enterprises in the context of digital servitization, bridge the gaps of the current research on the dimension and scale of organizational implants, provide a theoretical basis for subsequent quantitative research and a theoretical reference for the practice of manufacturing enterprises' digital servitization transformation.#br#
		2023 Vol. 40 (18): 80-90 [Abstract] ( 117 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1430KB] ( 319 )

Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology

	91	On the Commercialization and Utilization of National Defense Patents in China and the Improvement of the System: An Example of the Idea of "Graded Project Approval" System
	')" href="#">	Ma Zhongfa,Wu Yu
		The essence of innovation-driven development in the context of market economy is to put science and technology in the first place of the social productivity system, and to seek a better way to release the economic value of scientific and technological innovation. As an important part of the Chinese innovation system, the innovation of national defense science and the commercialization and utilization of national defense patent technology are both the backbone of the development, commercialization and upgrading of national economy. It is also a powerful guarantee of a strong nation in science and technology. But it should be pointed out that there is still much room to improve the effective operation system of the commercialization and utilization of national defense patent system. To improve the utilization level and the commercialization efficiency of national defense, the patent technology has become the key breakthrough direction of national economic development. The goal of this paper is to find a feasible and practical way to solve the problems in the commercialization and utilization of national defense patents.#br#Therefore,this study adopts the classical research method of law. First, it puts forward a new definition of “national defense patents”. Then, it combs through the existing commercialization and utilization system of national defense patent, including two-way closure of R&D system, serious waste of scientific research resources, and high barriers of information access, etc. Aiming at those problems, this study analyzes the causes from the institutional level, including the defects in the legal system, the ownership of property rights and the declassification system. Finally, it further points out the essence of these causes at the legal level, that is, the conflict between "public welfare" and "private rights". Meanwhile it tries to bring forward the improvement path from the actual situation.#br#It is concluded that the core of improving the commercialization and utilization efficiency of national defense patent technology is to express the subject of rights and the ownership of property rights.At the practical level, three different paths from high to low are set up according to the confidentiality requirement of the project, and the implementation of the civil-military integration project can be promoted by the "graded project approval" system to strengthen the commercialization and utilization of national defense patent technology.#br#The innovation of this paper also comes down in line with the basic analysis of the previous paper. First, from the collision of "public welfare" and "private rights", this study condenses the friction and collision between "national defense security interest" and "social economic development", and then uses the method of "weighing of legal interests" to solve the above-mentioned conflict, which embodies the characteristic of stability of law development. Second, by referring to the advanced "graded confidentiality" system in the West, this paper puts forward the idea of "graded project" system which is suitable for China's national conditions. Rather than a general macroscopic framework, this paper puts forward a three-level conception from the highest to the lowest based on the confidentiality requirements of different national defense scientific research projects. The division of different levels can be verified by mature institutional experience outside the territory, and the prototype can be found in China's specific national defense scientific research practice. After the setting of each level is stated, it also demonstrates the rationality of the setting from the perspective of jurisprudence on the basis of the "legal interest weighing" method.#br#Because it is difficult to provide a definite quantitative index on how to distinguish the "subversive innovation" from the "incremental innovation" behind the standard of level I and level III projects in the paper, the study is unable to provide clear guidance for practice. Therefore, more research results are expected to be published in order to promote the conversion rate of national defense patents effectively and serve China's economic construction and social development.#br#
		2023 Vol. 40 (18): 91-100 [Abstract] ( 104 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1425KB] ( 334 )

	101	The Realistic Drive and Academic Logic of the Sampling of National Science and Technology Program Projects: An External NormativePerspective of Scientific Research Integrity
		Liu Shengli,Pan Yuntao,Zhao Xiaoyuan
		The social demand and institutional supply of scientific research integrity are classic topics of science policy and undergoing an ethical turn and a model evolution from "internal norms" to "external norms"in recent decades. It is urgent to guide the cognitive level of public decision-making groups to sublimate from "local perceptual understanding" to "overall rational understanding" to promote the scientific decision-making of relevant policies. In order to get rid of the concepts such as "governance of scientific research integrity" and "governance of scientific research misconduct" that emphasize or limit government responsibilities and obligations, it is essential to employ the institutional paradigm and theoretical perspective defined by the concept of "external norms of scientific research integrity" to dominate and integrate multidisciplinary and multi-field knowledge to meet the needs of "interdisciplinary" theoretical innovation and academic construction. #br#Therefore, the realistic drive and doctrinal logic of the institutionalized practice of "sampling of national science and technology plan projects" are examined from the perspectives of “external norms of scientific research integrity” in this study with the focus on the "standardized" nature of the system and the overall optimization of the "system and strategy" to promote the criticism and improvement of the relevant systems of "external norms of scientific research integrity". The selection of research contents and research methods is based on the following considerations:(1)the judgment of "realistic situation" and "principled" knowledge has the effect of "correcting" and "accelerating"in practice, and once the "academic logic" pointing to "certainty" is understood and mastered by the public, it will produce a powerful synergy to transform society, upgrade the system, and guide people's conscious action; (2)"random inspection of national science and technology projects(NSTP)" is an urgent adjustment of government scientific research regulatory policies that need to be explained. #br#This research argues that the realistic drives mainly include three aspects: (1) the global institutionalization trend of "external norms of scientific research integrity" and the crisis of scientific research integrity against the backdrop of the evolution of public perception and scientific research organization model; (2) the rigid need of government to ensure the integrity, efficiency and local effectiveness of the National Science and Technology Program; (3) the significant deficiencies of over-reliance on whistleblowing, public opinion, and the system of social moral rewards. Meanwhile, the academic logic is found to be derived from moral philosophy, philosophy of science, judicial economics, information economics and statistical quality management, mainly including: (1) facing up to the social attributes of the "scientific research establishment" to improve the institutionalized "discipline" of "moral self-discipline"; (2) improving the technical quality of punishment to realize a deterrent mechanism based on "rule-based" punishment; (3) shortening the "entrustment-agent" chain of intervention in investigations to improve the efficiency of scientific research integrity supervision; (4) introducing the technical strategy of "statistical sampling + AQL" to establish a macro control of scientific research quality at the overall level. #br#These results indicate that random inspection of NSTP is both legitimate and reasonable, and some further practice efficiency improvements can be made following the advices based on the above-mentioned academic logic. The first advice is to sort out and eliminate the monopoly of opportunities, information constraints and information asymmetries associated with opportunistic behaviors such as "laziness" and "shoddy", and eliminate opportunists and uncertainties from the scientific power system. Then it is necessary to promote the elimination of unnecessary "workshop-style" scientific research, and upgrade scientific research information flow and scientific research workflow. The last but not the least thing is to protect the freedom of idea generation and the rights and interests of non-literature dissemination stage, and promote the health and fairness of the evaluation relationship and evaluation rules between people in the scientific research system. The present research conclusions and the demonstration framework are conducive to deepening the empirical understanding of the "Sampling of National Science and Technology Program Projects" as well as "External Norms of Scientific Research Integrity", and provide a more concise cognitive framework and a more methodical analytical framework for management decision-making, knowledge dissemination and theoretical update iteration.#br#
		2023 Vol. 40 (18): 101-108 [Abstract] ( 100 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1242KB] ( 263 )

Knowledge Science and Knowledge Engineering

	109	The Digital Transformation Path of Enterprises Driven by Inter-firm Trust from the Perspective of Knowledge Management:A Case Study of User Enterprises Based on IIoT Platform
		Lu Yanqiu,Song Chang,Wang Xiangyang,Zhao Bin
		New platform organizations are becoming the main body of social and economic operation in the digital era . At present, Chinese firms are facing challenges such as weak digital foundation and low innovation efficiency. In order to cope with the increasingly fierce market competition and effectively improve their own level of digitization, more and more firms resort to digital platform system. China is both an industrial and Internet power. The IIoT platform promotes the integration of industry and the Internet and has become an important driving force to improve the innovation efficiency of Chinese industrial firms. There is a serious problem of repeated innovation in industrial enterprises, which reflects the lack of knowledge flow and poor utilization efficiency among industrial enterprises. The essence of IIoT platform is to reconstruct the new knowledge division system of industrial knowledge creation, dissemination and reuse, and promote the rise of knowledge market in the industrial scenario. Among them, a large number of cross-industry and cross-field industrial experience, knowledge and methods will be precipitated on the IIoT platform in the form of industrial APP, industrial components and solutions to realize free embedding with the core modules of the platform. The emergence of the IIoT platform marks the evolution from the product-based industrial division system to the knowledge-based ecological division system. Its value lies in that in the process of traditional industrial innovation, repetitive innovation activities that consume a lot of resources of firms will continue to decrease. Firms can reduce the risk of trial and error in the process of innovation by trading and reusing mature knowledge, so as to realize the rapid leap to a high digital level.#br#The development of China'sIIoT platform has achieved certain results, but it still faces many problems. From the perspective of users and firms, it is prominently reflected that they "dare not use and can not use" the platform . The problem of "dare not use” the platform is reflected in the firm's concern about the uncertainty of the platform function and cooperation with the platform, and the problem of "can not use the platform" is reflected in the reduction of practical effect caused by an unclear understanding of the platform knowledge enabling function even if they participate in the platform interaction. These two kinds of practical problems seriously restrict the willingness and effect of user firms to participate in the IIoT platform. #br#On the basis of situational characteristics, this paper finds that firms that successfully realize high level of digitization with the help of IIoT platform generally have two commonalities: first, they are full of confidence in cooperation with the platform and have high enthusiasm in the process of cooperation; second, compared with the product supply and marketing channels provided by the platform, these successful firms pay more attention to the knowledge enabling effect brought by the platform. Therefore, this paper believes that in the context of IIoT platform, the trust of user firm in the platform is the key factor affecting their level of digitization, and the Knowledge trading and reuse behavior of user firm are the key path for trust to promote digitization. The two key factors of inter-firm trust and knowledge management behavior extracted from the case study are the effective answers to the two practical problems faced by user firms in the practice of IIoT platform, and it is an effective way to realize digitization and improvement. #br#Through the application of knowledge management theory, this paper provides theoretical support to explain the above complex relationship. The research conclusion can pay attention to the trust of the platform for user firm participating in the IIoT platform, so as to promote the knowledge trading and reuse of user firms.Then it provides scientific and reasonable suggestions to improve the level of digitization of user firm. Under the theoretical and practical background, this paper focuses on the core issue of "how inter-firm trust promotes the improvement of user firm level of digitization" on the IIoT platform. The results show that: (1) knowledge trading and reuse are the main characteristics of enterprise knowledge management in the context of industrial Internet platform; (2) trust among enterprises can help enterprises acquire and apply modular digital knowledge of the platform by reducing transaction costs and promoting cooperation and interaction in knowledge trading and reuse; (3) knowledge trading and reuse can promote the synchronous construction of enterprise digital foundation and management ability.#br#
		2023 Vol. 40 (18): 109-119 [Abstract] ( 134 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2677KB] ( 479 )

	120	How Does Platform Governance Affect Complementors' Knowledge Sharing?The Control and Incentive Roles of Platform Openness
		Gao Hui,Zhang Jianyu,Wang Shijingyun
		Knowledge sharing among complementors is an important source to promote collaborative innovation and value co-creation in the platform ecosystem. However, knowledge sharing often leads to issues of knowledge theft and imitation, while platform enterprises are unable to coordinate complementary activities; moreover, complementary activities have heterogeneity. Thus, knowledge sharing among complementors is challenged. Platform enterprises need to consider the design and deployment of platform governance rules to influence complementors' knowledge sharing.#br#Platform openness, as an important rule to manage platform access and control, has received more and more attention in the research on platform governance. A platform should be considered open if its development, use, and commercialization are unrestricted, or if all restrictions are reasonable and applied equally to all participants. However, most of the existing research on platform openness regards complementors abstractly and studies their interaction behaviors with platforms without consideration of how the interaction behaviors between complementors are affected by platform governance rules or detailed studies on different dimensions of platform openness. Following the theory of coopetition, this paper focuses on the influence of accessibility and transparency on knowledge sharing and considers the knowledge characteristics and strategic motivations of complementors to remedy the above-mentioned deficiencies.#br#According to the research on coopetition and platform governance, it is in the common interests of all complementors to expand the scale of users, and it is in the private interests of complementors to increase the market share of individual users. Complementors may have an incentive to cooperate with others by sharing knowledge to attract more users in pursuit of common interests. Platform openness influences complementors' focus on private and common interests through accessibility and transparency. Accessibility is a control measure that indicates whether complementors are allowed to join and access the platforms. Transparency is an incentive measure that reflects whether the information policies of the platforms can be understood. It will intensify competition in the platform market by improving accessibility and transparency, and then complementors will pay more attention to private interests, weakening the motivation of knowledge sharing, which may vary with the differences of the complementor's knowledge base, including the complexity and diversity of knowledge, as well as the influence of strategic orientation. This reflects the strategic distinctiveness of enterprises' positioning between consistency and differentiation.#br#By investigating 320 application developers on innovative platforms, the study confirms that accessibility and transparency have a significant negative impact on knowledge sharing among complementors, and it is alleviated in complementors with higher knowledge complexity and amplified in complementors with higher knowledge diversity. In addition, when the mechanism of knowledge complexity is introduced into strategic distinctiveness, there is a three-way moderating effect, that is, when strategic distinctiveness is lower and knowledge complexity is higher, accessibility and transparency have weaker negative effects on knowledge sharing among complementors.#br#The primary contributions of this paper lie in three aspects. First, different from previous studies of platform governance and complementors that focused on the interaction between complementors and platforms but paid little attention to the interaction between complementors themselves, this paper highlights the important influence of the interaction between complementors on platforms and enriches the research on platform governance with a deep analysis of knowledge sharing behavior among complementors. Second, from the perspective of control and incentive, platform openness is refined into two dimensions of accessibility and transparency, and the coopetition theory is used to analyze the competition and cooperation incentive mechanism of how platform openness affects the knowledge sharing of complementors. It is stressed that the selection of openness should consider the balance between these two incentives, which enriches the research on platform openness. Finally, the existing studies have shown that increasing platform openness will hinder the contribution of complementors to the platforms, and this paper further supplements that relaxing platform access control and improving transparency will reduce knowledge sharing among complementors, but these effects vary among different complementors, which emphasizes the value of integrating heterogeneous characteristics of complementors to promote the study on platform governance and complementors' behaviors.#br#
		2023 Vol. 40 (18): 120-131 [Abstract] ( 149 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1436KB] ( 409 )

Sci-tech Talent Cultivation

	132	Is Leaders' Idea Rejection Really Harmful to Employees' Innovation? The Role of Bootleg Innovation and Proving Goal Orientation
		Xie Peng,Wei Ye,Ma Lu
		As a common stressor in the process of employees' innovative practice, leaders' idea rejection will have an important impact on employees' emotions, cognition and behavior. In order to comprehensively examine the influence of leaders' idea rejection on employees' innovative activities, it is necessary to deeply explore how the leaders' idea rejection will affect employees' innovative performance. #br#At present, leaders' idea rejection, as a cutting-edge research topic, has attracted the attention of scholars, but only a few studies have explored the relationship between leaders' idea rejection and employee innovation, and most of the related studies have explored the negative side of leaders' creative rejection, but not its potential positive effects are not tapped. Following the cognitive appraisal theory of stress, this study creatively verifies the potential positive effect of leaders' idea rejection on employees' bootleg innovation, and on the other hand, reveals the positive mechanism of leaders' idea rejection on innovation performance through bootleg innovation. #br#Although some studies have explored some boundary conditions in the process of leaders' idea rejection to play its role, such as employees' retention intention, the research from the perspective of employees' proving goal orientation is rare. On the basis of the cognitive appraisal theory of stress, this study points out that employees will make different evaluations on the job stressor of leaders' idea rejection because of their own proving goal orientation level, which will affect the subsequent bootleg innovation. The study also answers the question of what kind of employees are more likely to make bootleg innovation after their ideas are rejected by leaders. #br#The research object is the employees of manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou and Zhejiang, and the data is collected by questionnaire. With 362 independent samples, this study examines if there are common methodological deviations by Harman single factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, makes descriptive statistics and correlation analysis of variables by SPSS22.0, and provides preliminary support for revealing the relationship between variables. The structural equation model of Mplus8.1 is used to examine the relationship between leaders' idea rejection and innovation performance, and the mediating effect of bootleg innovation is further verified by the bootstrap method, and the moderating effect of proving goal orientation is tested by hierarchical regression analysis by SPSS22.0. Finally, the adjusted mediating effect is tested by bootstrap repeated sampling. #br#The results show that, first of all, there is a significant positive correlation between the leaders' idea rejection and employees' bootleg innovation. Some employees will adopt unconventional innovation methods and strategies in order to continue to put their creativity into practice after being rejected by the leaders, and they dare to break through the shackles of the existing system to carry out bootleg innovation practice activities. Secondly, bootleg innovation mediates the relationship between leaders' idea rejection and employees' innovation performance. The leaders' idea rejection is an important influencing factor of employees' implementation of bootleg innovation. Under the influence of bootleg innovation, employees may invest extra time and energy to promote innovative practice activities and produce additional innovative products, thus ensuring innovation results and improving innovation performance. Finally, employees' proving goal orientation with an obvious achievement motivation tendency moderates the influence of leaders' idea rejection on bootleg innovation and employees' innovative performance, that is, under the effect of high proving goal orientation, employees' positive cognition and intrinsic motivation are more likely to have challenging cognitive evaluation on leaders' idea rejection, which will not only promote employees' bootleg innovation, but also help improve employees' innovative performance. #br#This paper not only provides a theoretical basis for studying the relationship between leaders' idea rejection and employees' innovation performance, but also provides guidance for the practice of leaders' idea rejection in organizational innovation management. The results suggest that leaders should keep a wait-and-see attitude towards employees' bootleg innovation activities after rejecting employees' creativity, and then decide whether to terminate the project after fully understanding and mastering employees' creativity and bootleg innovation projects, so as to maximize organizational resources to enhance organizational innovation ability and avoid the destruction of organizational innovation caused by leaders' idea rejection. In addition, managers should create an environment and atmosphere conducive to stimulating employees' proving goal orientation in the organization, and guide employees' proving goal orientation through active management strategies to empower employees to maximize their value.#br#
		2023 Vol. 40 (18): 132-141 [Abstract] ( 113 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1335KB] ( 601 )

	142	Interactional Justice Differentiation, Team Thriving at Work and Team Creativity: The Moderating Effect of Team Autonomy
		Chen Chao,Zhang Shuman
		With the increasingly fierce market competition and more refined division of labor within enterprises, more and more enterprises complete some innovation tasks in teamwork, and thus it is particularly critical to explore the influencing factors of team creativity. The promotion of team creativity is inseparable from the interaction between leaders and members. Furthermore, leaders often treat subordinates in a way of “favoring one over the other” in teams, which has a profound impact on team creativity. That is, some members are treated with a high level of interactional justice, while the level of interactional justice with other members is low, thus forming interactional justice differentiation. Some scholars had made a call for further research on the influence of interactional justice differentiation on team output. Hence, based upon social information processing theory, this study aims to explore how and when interactional justice differentiation affects team creativity by building up a moderated mediation theoretical model. Besides, the mediating effect of team thriving at work and the moderating role of team autonomy were examined.#br#This study employs survey data from 80 groups including 466 members in over ten high-technology companies from China with a multiple-source, time-lagged research design, and then it uses the statistical analysis methods (i.e.,SPSS) and analyzes the data to test the proposed hypotheses. The results are as follows. First of all, interactional justice differentiation is negatively related to team creativity. Second, team thriving at work affects team creativity positively, and the association between interactional justice differentiation and team creativity is mediated by it. Third, team autonomy moderates the relationship between interactional justice differentiation and team thriving at work, and thus interactional justice differentiation has a weaker negative impact on team thriving at work under high team autonomy. Last, team autonomy moderates the mediated relationship between interactional justice differentiation and team creativity (via team thriving at work), such that the mediated relationship is weaker under high team autonomy.#br#This paper examines the influence of interactional justice differentiation on team outputs by making a linkage between interactional justice differentiation and team creativity. This attempt responds to the call to further explore the effectiveness of interactional justice differentiation. This study also enriches the current research on the mediating mechanism of the effect of interactional justice differentiation on team creativity by exploring the mediating effect of team thriving at work. The findings offer a new perspective to understand the relationship between interactional justice differentiation and team creativity. Meanwhile it also inspires scholars to explore the influence mechanism of interactional justice differentiation on team creativity from other perspectives in future research. Moreover, this study verifies the moderating role of team autonomy in the relationship between interactional justice differentiation and team creativity. This finding expands the applicable scope of team autonomy. Future research is warranted to further explore the effectiveness of interactional justice differentiation.#br#The research results of this study have some importance for team creativity in practice. First, for team leaders, they should pay attention to the profound influence of justice on team creativity in the process of interaction with their members. For example, in the allocation of limited tangible or intangible resources, some regulations should be formulated fairly so that subordinates can regard leaders as models to learn from and strive to overcome the difficulties encountered in the process of innovation. Second, to further improve team creativity, one of the effective methods for team leaders is to promote team thriving at work. Specifically, team leaders can organize seminars to brainstorm solutions to problems, so they can get much more help from members when encountering difficulties in the innovative process. Moreover, team leaders can also offer members learning opportunities. They can organize members to learn professional skills so that team members can access much more new knowledge and information, and constantly update the team knowledge base, which will further improve team creativity. Third, when team autonomy is high, team members can control the whole work progress according to their own specific situation, so that they can not only meet their own needs, but also achieve the common goals of teams, and hold high satisfaction with their team leaders.#br#
		2023 Vol. 40 (18): 142-150 [Abstract] ( 137 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1299KB] ( 282 )

Review

	151	Evolution and Evaluation of China's Convergence Innovation Policies
		Chen Zifeng,Chen Yuanyuan,Jia Weifeng,Cheng Long
		Resource competition among countries is becoming increasingly fierce in globalization. Countries across the world are eager to effectively utilize the existing resources to promote innovation performance,gain market share,improve core competitiveness and raise international status. Innovation in a single field may not be enough to break through the bottlenecks of core technologies, and the convergence innovation between different technical fields may provide more possibilities for this problem. As an innovation activity that blurs the existing boundaries and constraints, convergence innovation is becoming the key driving force of current innovation by converging knowledge from different science, technology, market and industry fields. However, convergence innovation does not happen naturally, it needs to be promoted and supported by policies. Therefore, it is particularly important to analyze the evolutionary process and characters, assess the representative policies effectively and summarize the insufficiencies of convergence innovation policies. Nevertheless, the existing relevant studies mainly focus on some particular industries from the perspective of a single or dual dimensions , with rare systematic studies on the evaluation of convergence innovation policies. #br#In order to study China's national convergence innovation policies during 2001-2020, this paper constructs an analytical framework from four dimensions, i.e. policy theme evolution, policy tool usage, policy relationship network and policy quantitative evaluation, by using text mining and keyword co-occurrence network, supply-demand-environment policy tools, policy citation network and PMC index model, respectively. China's convergence innovation policies have experienced three phrases and 30 polices have been identified for this study. Firstly, the results show that the importance of convergence policies has been well recognized, but the policy system is still in its early stage. Though the numbers of relative policy keywords and the frequencies of co-words have been increased significantly, they still mainly appeared in general innovation policies in subordinate positions. Policies elaborated for convergence innovation are still deficient and mainly focus on a few technology and industry fields. Secondly, for policy tools, the long-term oriented supply-side and environmental-side tools are favored, referring to a wide range of disciplines, technologies and industries, while the relatively fast-acting demand-side are used less. The most common means are human capital support and infrastructure, mechanism and safeguard, demonstration and popularization for three policy tools respectively. Thirdly, the policy citation network has been initially formed, but the interconnections are not close enough, with quite a few isolated policies. The most commonly cited policies are three famous general innovation policies, while the influence of specific convergence policies is less significant. It means that the top-level policy design for convergence innovation has not yet been sound and the synergistic effect of policies needs to be strengthened. Fourthly, the quantitative evaluations have been carried on seven classic policies. Three policies with convergence innovation in their titles show relative lower scores than the comprehensive scores, with two of them just at an acceptable level, which means that there is great room for improvement in the convergence innovation policies .#br#For policy makers, top-level design and overall planning are urgently needed for convergence innovation, then more dedicated policies in wider technology and industrial fields can be established accordingly in order to form a sound and robust convergence innovation policy network with the aim to lead, guide and support convergence innovation activities. At the policy level, more demand-side policy tools which can provide the initial market pull and promote the market cycle are recommended, especially in government procurement and service outsourcing, in order to make policy “combination punches”. If so, the support effect from long-term oriented supply-side and environment-side tools can be synergized with short-term oriented demand-side tools, and thus they can jointly drive convergence innovation activities. #br#This paper proposes a universal and comprehensive framework for policy research by integrating the main policy study perspectives. It can be used for other policy studies as well. The empirical study results of China's convergence innovation policies have important practical significance for policy makers.#br#
		2023 Vol. 40 (18): 151-160 [Abstract] ( 140 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2845KB] ( 420 )

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