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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY
 
2022 Vol.39 Issue.23
Published 2022-12-10
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
Regional Scientific Development
Industrial Technological Progress
Enterprise Innovation Management
Innovation in Civil-Military Integration
Review
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
1 Path Dependence in Technology Evolution from the Perspective of Patent Families： An Example of Lithography
Yang Wu,Chen Pei,Gad David
Path dependence may be defined over a spectrum of phenomena ranging from mere dependence upon initial conditions to strong dependence upon specific events unfolding. It is observable at various layers of the economic system from the individual up to the aggregate system level. At the technology level, path dependence shows up when there is persistence and lock-in to particular technological choices. Tracing technology evolution paths is crucial for monitoring technological innovation progress, and main paths are one of the effective methods for identifying core technology trajectories in complex patent citation networks. However, most studies ignore the critical role played by patent families in citation networks, resulting in main paths that do not accurately describe the path evolution of technology and technology fields. Therefore, existing studies have limited practical and theoretical implications. In addition, the process of technology evolution varies greatly, and each phase has different characteristics and performance, so it is imperative to analyze the main path in conjunction with the prevailing technological context and path-dependent features. The historical pattern of technological development plays a prominent role in determining the path of future technological change.#br#This study describes the path dependence in the technology dynamic path evolution, focusing on the patent family as the research perspective. Path dependence is explained by distinguishing between fundamental and secondary knowledge. The study proposes a new method to correct the main paths in a technological domain by adjusting the patent family self-citation on the main path that interferes and leads to misinterpretation of core technologies. The empirical results show the four stages in the path evolution of lithography; projection alignment and exposure system, projection objective immersion, immersion lithography material and photoresist go through a dynamic cycle process of path dissolution, path generation, path dependence, path dissolution and breakthrough. In this process, ASML, ZEISS, and Tokyo Electron as the representatives of the patent family, play a significant role in lithography evolution. According to the network centrality analysis, it is found that Zeiss, ASML, and IBM occupy a high centrality degree position in all stages of development. ASML belongs to the EUV LLC alliance. With this alliance, partners can achieve maximum technological knowledge sharing that helps them maintain the monopoly of core technologies in each stage of evolution. The big gap between China and developed countries, and the fact that Chinese leading local enterprises neither appear in the main path nor the network of patent owners, indicates that the mainstream market inhibits technological innovation in latecomer's countries, and China's technological capability is not yet able to change the status quo of technological constraint.#br#The study contributes to the existing research on technology trajectories by highlighting patent families' influence and misleading information in technology development. It proposes a correction scheme for the deviation of the main path, and provides a new idea to exclude the interference of some technologies in the main path that leads to the wrong analysis of the technology trajectories. In addition to describing the path evolution process, the study penetrates the field of lithography segmentation, thereby bridging the gap between path dependence theory and existing empirical evidence, enriching the previous studies on the path dependence theory from the perspective of market subjects. On the other hand, the study shows that latecomers can improve their independent innovation capacity and innovation efficiency through resource complementation and technology sharing by building a solid technology network platform or technology R&D alliance with complementary resources. In this vein, through a cooperative alliance with lithography newcomers, latecomers can obtain external resource advantages through relationship capital and collaborative innovation to promote the diversified development of domestic enterprises. It suggests that path creation relies on long-term resource investment and technology accumulation of an enterprise. Finally, at the technology level, the dynamic development of technology requires technology strategy to adapt to the law of technology path evolution. Since the technology pioneers have locked latecomers, latecomers should avoid investment in R&D of backward technology. The fourth phase is trajectory dissipation. Therefore, companies must inevitably provide EUV-related technologies that may be the driving force to get rid of the path dependence. The new intermittent innovation technologies will split the initial order of the evolution of the technology trajectory, and provide a window of opportunities for Chinese lithography companies to make a technological breakthrough. This study contributes to understanding the path dependence dynamic theory. It reveals lithography industry and enterprise paradigm evolution more precisely to provide reference strategies for developing countries to overcome technological path dependence.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (23): 1-11 [Abstract] ( 399 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3060KB] ( 410 )
12 Effective Antecedent Configuration of Entrepreneurial Dynamic Capability in the Digital Context
Cao Yuhua,Li Jing
Entrepreneurial dynamic capability is vital for start-ups to cope with multiple uncertainties, break through low growth ability and high failure rate, and achieve sustainable development in this VUAC era.With the extensive integration and wide application of digital technologies, digital entrepreneurship has become a common phenomenon, and the application of digital technology has changed the traditional entrepreneurial activities, triggering changes in entrepreneurial elements, processes, and models, thus profoundly affecting the formation mechanism of entrepreneurial dynamic capabilities. Digital technology is a technological combination of information, computing, communication and connectivity, including digital infrastructure, digital platforms, and digital components, with characteristics such as convergence, scalability, generativity, and modularity. These unique characteristics make digital technology not only have a direct impact on entrepreneurial dynamic capabilities but also reconstruct the action mechanism of other antecedent variables such as prior experience, social networks, and entrepreneurial learning as an enabling technology, with the result of making the formation mechanism of entrepreneurial dynamic capabilities more complex, systematic and synergistic in the digital context. Existing research is limited on the topics of entrepreneurial dynamic capabilities in the digital context, and the study on the overall role and synergistic effect of core antecedents is rare. Therefore, on the basis of configuration theory, this paper focuses on the formation mechanism of entrepreneurial dynamic capabilities in the digital context, and explores the synergistic effects of prior experience, social networks, entrepreneurial learning and digital technology.#br#　　The research data are collected on an online questionnaire survey platform named Wenjuanxing in Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province and Shanghai City in southeast China where the digital economy is advanced. All the structural measurement items in this questionnaire are basically adapted from the existing literature. The questionnaire mainly includes seven parts: basic information of new enterprises and entrepreneurial team, prior experience, social networks, entrepreneurial learning, use of digital technology and entrepreneurial dynamic capability. All items are measured by 5-point Likert scale. A total of 200 formal questionnaires are distributed, and 84 valid questionnaires are collected with a recovery rate of 42%.#br#　　Following the causal analysis strategy that combines sufficiency analysis and necessity analysis, this paper adopted fsQCA to analyze the antecedents' configurations of entrepreneurial dynamic capability from prior experience, social network, entrepreneurial learning and digital technology, and this paper used NCA to analyze the necessity of antecedent conditions.#br#　　The research results show that none of the individual variables among entrepreneurial experience, work experience, network structure, network behavior, entrepreneurial learning and digital technology are necessary conditions for high entrepreneurial dynamic capability and non-high entrepreneurial dynamic capability, and none of the antecedents can fully determine the level of entrepreneurial dynamic ability. Both high entrepreneurial dynamic capability and non-high entrepreneurial dynamic capability are jointly affected by various kinds of antecedents. The results show that there are multiple antecedent configuration modes for entrepreneurial dynamic capabilities. Among them, there are three types for high entrepreneurial opportunity capabilities including data-driven type, subjective type, and experience-based type. Three types for non-high entrepreneurial opportunity capabilities including data-absent type, experience-deficient type, and subjective-insufficient type. There are three types of high entrepreneurial resource capacity including data-assisted type, traditional model type, and subjective initiative type. Also, three types for non-high entrepreneurial resource capacity include data lacking type, insufficient learning type, and network lacking type. Digital technology and entrepreneurial learning are important basic antecedents for high entrepreneurial opportunity capability, and digital technology and network behavior are important basic antecedents for high entrepreneurial resource capability.〖HJ*2/7〗#br#　　The contributions of this paper are as followings: Firstly, the synergistic effect of the antecedents for entrepreneurial dynamic capability is analyzed from the perspective of configuration theory, and it has improved the previous research mainly focusing on the net effect of the antecedents. Secondly, this paper regards digital technology as the core factor for entrepreneurial dynamic capability, and reveals the role of the openness, relevance, generativity and other characteristics of digital technology in the antecedent configuration for entrepreneurial opportunity capability and entrepreneurial resource capability by introducing related concepts and theories of information systems and innovation management, which helps to further enrich theories in areas such as entrepreneurial dynamics and digital entrepreneurship. Finally, this paper further optimized research methods by combining sufficiency analysis and necessity analysis to make the causal analysis results more reliable and scientific.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (23): 12-21 [Abstract] ( 244 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1232KB] ( 276 )
22 Technological Progress Bias, Innovation Factor Allocation and Economic Resilience
Kuang Min,Fan Fengchun
Technological progress is not only the main source of domestic industrial economic growth, but also the core driving force of China′s social economic growth. The impact of technological progress on production efficiency and economic resilience is reflected in both the speed of technological development and the direction of technological progress. Some scholars even believe that the impact of the direction of technological progress is far greater than the speed of technological progress. Within the accounting framework of standard economic growth, the assumption for long-term stability of factor share and factor output elasticity makes technological progress appeat Hicks-neutral, and the whole source of social economic growth is attributed to neutral technological progress. However, the Kaldor′s “Stylized Facts” that factor share and factor output elasticity are fixed is not supported by empirical evidence. Technological progress in modern economic system shows stronger bias characteristics.#br#　　Can a bias towards technological progress make China′s economy more resilient? If the effect is confirmed, what is the underlying mechanism? Does the bias of technological progress have nonlinear characteristics on the improvement of economic resilience? To answer the above questions, there is the need to conduct empirical tests by sorting out relevant research results and combining with the status quo of China′s social economic development. Hence this study selects the panel data of 31 provincial-level administrative regions from 2006 to 2020 to analyze the impact of technological progress bias on economic resilience from the perspective of transmission mechanism and nonlinear characteristics. It constructs an estimation model for the influence of technological progress bias on two dimensions of economic resilience (adaptation capacity of economic adjustment and transformation capacity of economic innovation), and conducts an empirical analysis on the sample data on this basis. Then, in order to explore whether there is a nonlinear effect biased by technological progress in the boosting process of economic resilience, the study draws on the cross-sectional threshold method to accurately analyze the heterogeneous impact of independent variables on dependent variables in different intervals through the threshold model. On the one hand, the threshold model can empirically test whether there is a threshold effect between the technological progress bias and the two dimensions of economic resilience, so as to learn whether there is a nonlinear relationship between them. On the other hand, if there is indeed a threshold effect between the two dimensions, the number of thresholds between the technological progress bias and the two dimensions of economic resilience can be determined, and the nonlinear relationship between the two dimensions is confirmed. By summarizing the academic division type, the study divides the technological progress bias into four dimensions and constructs the threshold regression model of technology progress towards each dimension and the two dimensions of economic resilience.#br#　　The empirical results show that technological progress bias has a significant positive impact on economic resilience, and this conclusion still holds after robustness and endogeneity tests. Technological progress bias can significantly improve the two dimensions of economic resilience: economic adjustment and adaptation capacity, and economic innovation and transformation capacity, and capital-biased technological progress has a greater effect on strengthening economic resilience. In terms of mechanism, the allocation of innovation factors is an important mechanism affecting the effect of technological progress bias on economic resilience. Technological progress bias can promote economic resilience by optimizing the allocation of innovation factors. The threshold model shows that the technological progress bias index and its sub-dimensions have no nonlinear relationship with economic adjustment and adaptation capacity, but have nonlinear relationship with economic innovation and transformation capacity.#br#　　Therefore, it is necessary to guide the course of technological development reasonably to give full play to the positive efficiency of technological progress，make full use of the synergy of “efficient market” and “effective government” to optimize allocation schemes of innovative element， and fend off potential risks through technological innovation, innovative thinking and innovative mechanisms to strengthen economic resilience. Meanwhile it is vital to improve the policy supply system for industrial economic development to remove institutional barriers typically associated with the segmentation of factor markets, so as to promote the rapid flow and efficient allocation of factors of production.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (23): 22-32 [Abstract] ( 312 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1229KB] ( 246 )
33 Government-market Collaborative Innovation and Dual Replacement of Energy Structure
Li Rongjie,Li Na,Chen Jianqiang,Yan Xiao
At present, the world economy is facing severe challenges such as climate deterioration and limited energy resources. It is an inevitable requirement and an effective path to build a clean and low-carbon energy system to accelerate the dual replacement process of the energy structure of “oil and gas replacing coal and non-fossil energy replacing fossil energy”. In December 2020, the State Council Information Office released the white paper ,titled “Energy in China's New Era” , emphasizing the need to “deeply implement the innovation-driven development strategy, build a green energy technology innovation system, and comprehensively improve the level of energy technology and equipment”, which indicates that the energy development has entered an innovation-driven stage in China. Can current technological innovation effectively promote the transformation and development of the energy structure? Can the innovation path that drives the adjustment of the energy structure be further optimized? The above problems are crucial to solving energy and environmental constraints and achieving sustainable development.#br#By constructing a game model of government innovation investment and enterprise innovation investment, this paper analyzed four situations in the process of government-market collaborative innovation, including risk-averse and defensive formation, policy-guided, market-driven and collaborative. Further, on the basis of the provincial sample data from 2009 to 2019, a threshold regression model is used to empirically test the impact of government and enterprise innovation investment on energy structure substitution at each stage, and the threshold value is used as the dividing line to group 30 provinces in mainland China in the discussion of the transformation of regional energy structure in different government-market collaborative innovation models.#br#The data is from the China Statistical Yearbook, China Energy Statistical Yearbook, China Science and Technology Statistical Yearbook, China Economic Census Yearbook and regional statistical yearbooks over the years. The sample study period is from 2009 to 2019, and the research objects include 30 provinces and cities in China (excluding Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan due to missing data). The data involving price changes were deflated with 2009 as the base period.#br#It is found that (1) government innovation support and increased corporate R&D investment generally have a significant positive effect on the replacement of coal by oil and gas, the replacement of fossil energy by non-fossil energy, and the dual replacement process of energy structure; (2) the effect of government and enterprise innovation input on energy structure substitution shows strong heterogeneity among different regions, and the government-market collaborative innovation in the central and western regions has a significant negative impact on the energy structure substitution process; (3) with the increasing investment in innovation by the government and enterprises, the positions of the government and enterprises in the process of promoting the transformation of the energy structure are constantly changing, but the overall coordination between the government and enterprises is always at a low level, failing to exert a positive synergy effect of “1+1>2”; (4) in the process of replacing coal with oil and gas and the dual replacement of energy structure，most provinces are still taking hedging and preventive measures and the government and enterprises are not motivated to invest in innovation.#br#This paper provides ideas for further in-depth research in the future. (1) It mainly examines the impact of government-market collaborative innovation on energy structure substitution from a static perspective. Although the explanatory variables with a lag of one period are introduced in the robustness test part for discussion, there is still a lack of systematic investigation from a dynamic perspective, which can be supplemented and improved. (2) In addition to enterprises and government departments, participants in innovation activities also include universities and scientific research institutions. With limited data, this study only starts with the interaction between the government and the market, and explores the relationship between government-enterprise collaborative innovation and energy structure transformation. With the deepening of government-industry-university-research cooperation, it is possible to further build a four-sector game model of government, market, universities and scientific research institutions in the future to investigate the driving effect of multi-sectoral collaborative innovation on energy structure transformation. (3) Although government-market collaborative innovation is confirmed to have a significant impact on the transformation of energy structure, the specific path and mechanism of this impact are still unclear, and further research is expected.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (23): 33-43 [Abstract] ( 362 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1310KB] ( 599 )
Regional Scientific Development
44 Smart City Construction and Urban Carbon Emissions:The Test Based on Digital Technology Empowerment Path
Ge Liyu,Yu Jingyuan
In the era of industrialization, the development of urbanization will undoubtedly lead to a continuous increase in carbon emissions, which can also be directly observed from the growth and evolution of historical data on carbon emissions in industrialized countries. But it is worth asking whether this law still applies to the relationship between urbanization and carbon emissions in the era of digital economy? The innovation and breakthrough of the current digital technology have provided different paths and connotations to the development of urbanization. Among them, the smart city is a typical model of urban development in the digital age. Will smart city construction under the empowerment or blessing of digital technology have different effects on carbon emissions in Chinese cities? In which way does this effect work? What are the heterogeneous impacts caused by the different development endowments or characteristics of smart cities?#br#Given the characteristics and facts of smart city pilots enabling cities to reduce carbon emissions in the context of China, this paper uses urban panel data from 2006 to 2019, and comprehensively adopts a multi-phase DID model from the perspective of digital technology innovation to empirically examine the internal mechanisms and causal effects of smart city pilots affecting urban carbon emissions. It is found that firstly smart city pilots can effectively promote carbon emission reduction in Chinese cities, and strongly support the carbon neutralization and carbon peaking action. The PSM-DID model and spatial DID model overcome sample selection bias and spatial effects. After re-estimating the impact, the conclusion is still robust. Secondly smart city pilots mainly use the direct path of digital technology innovation and the indirect path of “digital technology innovation→industrial structure upgrade” to promote cities to achieve carbon emission reduction. Digital technology innovation and industrial structure upgrade can form a chain of cause and effect to jointly help smart cities achieve carbon neutral carbon peak action. Thirdly heterogeneity analysis shows that the more fully supported by human, capital and information infrastructure, the stronger the effect of promoting urban carbon emission reduction, the main reason is the agglomeration of human capital, financial capital, financial capital and physical capital. It has a significant positive adjustment function for the digital technology innovation of the city.#br#Therefore it is essential to further strengthen the research and development and application of digital technology in the field of carbon emission reduction, give full play to the key role of big data, cloud computing and Internet of Things and other cutting-edge technologies in carbon emission source locking, data analysis, etc., and use digital technology to link the supply and consumption ends of industrial sectors, so that it might be possible to design the zero-carbon power system, low-carbon/zero-carbon terminal energy consumption system and negative emission technology of smart city and realize the refined, online and intelligent management of urban carbon emission. It is also necessary to exert the potential enabling role of advanced industrial structure in urban carbon emission reduction. It is not only significant to speed up the upgrading and transition of the industrial structure to a modern industrial structure dominated by the tertiary industry, but also to promote low-carbon and green development within the industry, and gradually use clean energy to replace fossil energy in traditional industries. Accordingly it is imperative to adopt a variety of public policy measures such as human capital improvement, fiscal and technological expenditure expansion,etc. to support smart cities to enhance digital technology innovation endowments and capabilities, promote the leap-forward development of "new digital infrastructure", digital economy and innovative infrastructure, strengthen the fundamental research on digital technology and focus on common technologies, further shorten the research and development cycle and improve the efficiency of research and development. Lastly it is suggested to expand smart city pilots. On the basis of the first three batches of smart city pilots, sum up experience, gradually cover all cities in my country with smart city construction, improve the intelligence level of construction, management and services of various cities, and make overall planning for the development of Chinese cities.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (23): 44-54 [Abstract] ( 328 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1381KB] ( 477 )
55 The Promotion Effect of the Development Strategy of Yangtze River Economic Belt on Regional Scientific Competitiveness: An Empirical Research Based on DID
Wang Shouwen,Zhao Min,Xu Lijie
Scientific competitiveness is not only a matter of development, but also a matter of survival for China. Independent innovation supported by scientific and technological self-reliance can meet the needs of high-quality development. However, with the development of high quality economy, a series of major problems, such as the shortage of original innovation capacity, incomplete collaborative innovation network and dispersion of scientific and technological strength, have become increasingly prominent. Therefore, it is urgent for China to become a scientific and technological power in the world by improving the basic research. In this background, has the regional development strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt significantly improved the scientific competitiveness of provinces and cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt since its implementation? In addition what is the path of its role in promoting scientific competitiveness? Is there heterogeneity in the improvement of scientific competitiveness in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, middle and lower reaches?#br#In this paper, the effect of the development strategy and policy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is regarded as a quasi-natural experiment. Based on the establishment of a scientific competitiveness evaluation system, the entropy weight method is used to calculate the comprehensive score of scientific competitiveness of each province and city. The DID and mediating effect models are constructed to investigate the effect and action path of the national comprehensive development strategy on the promotion of scientific competitiveness of provinces and cities along the belt and road. #br#The research conclusions are as follows. The development strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has a significant positive role in promoting the scientific competitiveness of cities and provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and the research conclusions of the benchmark model are still valid under the robustness test. Furthermore, the development strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt can improve the basic research ecological environment of provinces and cities along the belt by exerting the agglomeration effect of various factors and promoting economic development and government public service, and thus it can promote the stable promotion of scientific competitiveness. Finally, the development strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, as a local national strategy, has regional heterogeneity, of which the promotion effect on the downstream is more obvious. #br#On the basis of the research conclusions of this paper, the following policy suggestions are put forward to enhance the scientific competitiveness of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. First, the government is supposed to improve public services, actively lay out high-speed rail technology innovation mechanism to introduce and guide talent, capital and other factors. More investment should be made to promote the scientific competitiveness of the Yangtze River Economic Belt through the construction of government service networks and infrastructure to enhance inter-regional knowledge linkages. Second, he fiscal expenditure of local governments and the proportion of government fiscal expenditure should be increased. The government financial resources should be more inclined to scientific innovation, and the joint efforts of market, government and universities should promote the promotion of regional scientific competitiveness. In light of regional characteristics, the investment in scientific resources should be strengthened to improve the construction of regional infrastructure for scientific and technological innovation, and speed up the construction of scientific and technological incubators and platforms for scientific and technological innovation. The last is to make precise layout of science and innovation carriers and speed up the construction of data element infrastructure. The Yangtze River Economic Belt Science Alliance will be established to promote the formation of a community of scientists. The model of science and technology finance, the supply quality and application efficiency of new data element infrastructure are expected to be improved to smooth the flow of scientific resources.#br#This study adopts the quantitative method of double difference method to examine the comprehensive national strategy effect on the promotion of scientific competitiveness, enriching the current studies of the competitiveness of science research methods. The impact of regional heterogeneity of the development strategy of the Yangtze River Economic belt on the improvement of scientific competitiveness is discussed, and the path of national comprehensive strategy to improve scientific competitiveness is explored to provide enlightenment for the development of other regions or urban clusters.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (23): 55-64 [Abstract] ( 205 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1380KB] ( 267 )
Industrial Technological Progress
65 How the Allocation of Scientific and Technological Resources Promote the Growth of TFP in High-Tech Industries：An fsQCA Analysis Based on 29 Provincial Cases
Du Baogui,Yang Bangxing
As a strategic emerging industry group that utilizes cutting-edge technology to produce high-tech products, high-tech industry plays an important role in promoting the transformation of economic development momentum and seizing international innovation highlands. The purpose of this study is to explore the influencing factors and configuration paths of different technological resource allocations on the realization of high TFP or low TFP in high-tech industries. Combining the DEA-Malmquist model and the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method,this paper takes the high-tech industries in 29 provinces and municipalities in mainland China as research cases. It starts from three levels of scientific and technological resources allocation scale, allocation method and allocation environment to discuss the multiple concurrent causal relationship between the allocation of high-tech industries' technological resources and TFP in high-tech industries.#br#By using the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method, the study has three findings. (1) No single science and technology resource element can constitute a necessary condition for high TFP or low TFP of high-tech industries. The TFP growth of China's high-tech industries has complex and concurrent multiple configurations in terms of the input of scientific and technological resources. Specifically, there are two types of configuration paths for improving TFP in high-tech industries: government-led conditional configuration with planned allocation and product development as the core elements; market-led conditional configuration with market allocation and R&D personnel input as the core state. The market-oriented conditional configuration with market configuration and R&D personnel input as the core is subdivided into three types: the first type is a "market + R&D transformation" configuration supplemented by product development, technological innovation and planned configuration; the second type is a "market + open cooperation" configuration supplemented by planned configuration, industry-university-research cooperation and regional opening; the third type is a "market + industry-university-research" configuration with a lack of product development and technological innovation, supplemented by industry-university-research cooperation, planned allocation or regional opening. (2) Market resource allocation and R&D personnel input play a general role in improving the TFP of high-tech industries. Market configuration and R&D personnel input exist in 5 path configurations and all are assumed to be in the status of core conditions, and this is consistent with the characteristics of high-tech industries. High-tech industries belong to intelligence-intensive, knowledge-intensive and high-input industries, and need to invest a lot of scientific and technological human, financial and material resources in the process of development and growth. (3) The development of China's high-tech industries presents significant regional differences in terms of efficiency and paths. The eastern coastal area can either follow the government-led conditional configuration with planned configuration and product development as the core elements, or the "market + open cooperation" configuration with market configuration and R&D personnel input as the core. The central and western regions are suitable for the "market + R&D transformation" and "market + industry-university-research" paths with market allocation and R&D personnel input as the core. In addition, since some provinces have different paths for generating low TFP configurations, it is more important to choose channels that fit the actual situation and industrial characteristics of the province when allocating scientific and technological resources in high-tech industries.#br#According to the above research, three recommendations are put forward. First of all, China should deepen the implementation of the regional coordinated development strategy, and form a new pattern of mutual promotion, complementary advantages and common development of high-tech industries in the east, the middle and the west. Second, all provinces in China should accelerate the construction and improvement of a new market-oriented mechanism for the development of high-tech industries with enterprises as the main body and deep integration of industry, university and research. Finally, all provinces in China should combine the factors of location resources and the advantages of industrial development to form a new path for the development of high-tech industries with distinctive features and self-reliance.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (23): 65-75 [Abstract] ( 498 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1302KB] ( 230 )
76 Carbon Trading and Green Total Factor Productivity in Manufacturing Industry under the "Double Carbon" Goal：A Mechanism Test Based on Heterogeneous Technology Innovation Model
')" href="#"> Xing Hui,Jiang Ying,Chen Yuanyuan
Since the 1990s, global warming has frequently caused extreme weather such as droughts and floods, damaged the ecological environment and threatened the safety of human life and property, which has aroused widespread concern in the international community. Therefore, China has actively taken part in global governance and put forward the "dual carbon" goal. Carbon trading is an important policy tool to achieve the goal of "dual carbon". Existing studies have shown that carbon trading has significant effect to reduce emissions. However, it is important to note that enterprises involved in carbon trading may reduce carbon emissions through industrial transfer or output reduction, but these measures can not last for long. Green transformation of manufacturing industry is the fundamental path of carbon emission reduction, and its important performance is the improvement of green total factor productivity. Manufacturing enterprises are the main emission control subjects involved in carbon trading. Therefore, it is necessary to give full play to the promotion role of carbon trading on green total factor productivity in manufacturing in order to reduce carbon emissions on the basis of the healthy development of the manufacturing industry and achieve the goal of "dual carbon" at an early date.#br#Existing studies mostly investigate the impact of carbon trading implementation on green total factor productivity in manufacturing. In fact, carbon trading price and market scale differ significantly in different pilot regions, which has a great impact on green total factor productivity in manufacturing. Then how do carbon trading price and market scale affect green total factor productivity in manufacturing? In the research on the transmission path of carbon trading affecting green total factor productivity, most scholars believe that technological innovation is an important channel, but most of them take it as a whole. The theory of suitability puts forward that unsuitable technological innovation is difficult to match with the development stage of a country or region,and will weaken the impetus of technological innovation. Therefore, it is an important topic for manufacturing enterprises to choose suitable technology innovation mode. Under the constraints of carbon trading, which is the main innovation path to improve green total factor productivity in manufacturing, technology introduction, technology transformation, or independent innovation?#br#To answer the above questions, on the basis of panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2008 to 2020, a continuous dual difference model is constructed to evaluate the effects of carbon trading price and market scale on green total factor productivity of manufacturing industry, and investigate the transmission path of heterogeneous technological innovation mode.#br#The results show that increasing carbon trading price and expanding market scale can significantly improve green total factor productivity in manufacturing. Theoretical analysis shows that carbon trading price directly affects green total factor productivity in manufacturing through benefit incentive effect, cost pressure effect and survival of the fittest effect. The scale of carbon trading directly affects green total factor productivity in manufacturing by exerting the market mechanism, the change of quantity of demand side and the change of quantity of supply side. Based on the simultaneous equation model, the empirical test shows that carbon trading price and market scale can promote independent innovation and reduce technological transformation, thus affecting green total factor productivity in manufacturing, but technology introduction is not an effective path.The interaction term model is constructed to further analyze why the manufacturing industry increases independent innovation and reduces technological transformation under the background of carbon trading. It is found that the innovation funds of enterprises are limited and independent innovation has a crowding-out effect on technological transformation.#br#In fact, existing studies show that the implementation of carbon trading policy has a positive effect on green total factor productivity in manufacturing, However, the influence of carbon trading characteristics, such as the impact of transaction price and market scale on green total factor productivity in manufacturing has not been specified. The conclusions of this paper are significant supplements to the existing research. In addition, existing studies show that carbon trading can affect green total factor productivity in manufacturing through technological innovation, industrial structure and energy structure. This paper focuses on the function path of technological innovation to conduct a deeper analysis and refine the function channel exploration. The research conclusions have important implications for improving the design of carbon trading system and accurately formulating supporting policies for technological innovation.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (23): 76-86 [Abstract] ( 301 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1281KB] ( 899 )
Enterprise Innovation Management
87 Technological Intergenerational "Bridges" of Discontinuous Technological Change in Incumbent Enterprises
')" href="#"> Ma Liang,Zhang Shumin
With the deepening of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, the international competition among major countries based on technological innovation is becoming increasingly fierce, and the global competition pattern in science and technology is in a critical period of constant adjustment and remodeling. In order to effectively cope with the complexity and uncertainty of the "big science era”, "digital intelligence era” and "era of diversified and in-depth integration of scientific and technological innovation”, China is in an urgent need to create original innovation sources and comprehensively improve the independent innovation capacity of core technologies from the source of innovation.#br#Along with a long history of development, rich market resources and significant technological competitive advantages, incumbent enterprises are regarded as the important subjects of implementing core technology radical innovation and the main force of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution. In the era of knowledge economy and network information, a large number of discontinuous technological changes have been brought about. The technology life cycle has been shortened, the speed of knowledge updating has been accelerated, and the frequency and intensity of radical innovation have been enhanced. Accordingly incumbent enterprises are facing great challenges. Discontinuous technological changes requires incumbent enterprises to overcome difficulties in new technology research and development and their own potential inertia to respond positively, so as to obtain sustainable competitive advantages in the competition with new entrants in the market, and to defuse the threat of disruptive innovation proposed by Schumpeter. #br#Most of the existing research on technological innovation of incumbent enterprises is based on specific technology fields, revealing the process mechanism that affects enterprise financial performance, macro-economic development, industrial ecological chain and consumer willingness, and there are few theoretical results on the discontinuous technological change period of incumbent enterprises. Cohen & Tripsas for the first time put forward the concept of technology intergenerational knowledge bridge for the process of technological change, but only focused on the internal R&D process of enterprises, and did not study all the functions of intellectual capital owned by enterprises. #br#This paper integrates the social network theory, knowledge management theory and innovation management theory, and takes 65 incumbent automobile manufacturing enterprises as samples. Through the construction of three dimensions of technology intergenerational bridges, i.e. inventor bridge, cooperative R&D bridge, and hybrid technology bridge at the human capital level, social capital level and organizational capital level, the paper discusses how incumbent enterprises can improve the performance of new technology innovation on the premise of maintaining the periodic balance of the two generations of technology. The research has found that the inventor bridge and the enterprise's new technology innovation performance have an "inverted U” relationship; the collaborative R&D bridge and the hybrid technology bridge have a significant role in promoting the enterprise's new technology innovation performance; the old technology innovation has negative moderating effect in "inverted U” relationship between the inventor bridge and the new technological innovation performance. #br#Therefore, when the incumbent enterprises try to improve the negative impact of inventor bridge on the performance of new technology innovation in the middle and late stages of technological change by reviewing the performance of old technology innovation, they should first attach importance to the value of the performance of old technology innovation, define the general mechanism of organizational innovation, identify which innovation systems are effective and which are ineffective, and extend the enterprise's R&D capabilities in the old technology field to the new technology field; second, in the process of establishing a heterogeneous R&D team, it is necessary to strengthen the knowledge communication and sharing mechanism, better utilize and integrate diverse human capital resources, and clarify what old technical knowledge and experience should be used when "bridging" new technical knowledge; third, it is critical to identify opportunities for new technology innovation, conduct reasonable allocation of resources and orderly scheduling of personnel between the new and old generations of technologies, efficiently use the R&D experience of old technologies in a flexible, relaxed and failure-tolerant R&D atmosphere following the mutation principle within the organization.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (23): 87-96 [Abstract] ( 189 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1316KB] ( 205 )
97 The Classification of Corporate Entrepreneurial Ecosystem from the Perspective of Structure
Jiang Zhonghui,Lyu Xiaofei,Luo Junmei
Innovation and entrepreneurship are essential in promoting social and economic development. How to promote the development of innovation and entrepreneurship is a common topic in practice and theory. However, in the process of entrepreneurship, start-ups often face the dilemma of resource constraints and start-up defects. It is difficult to obtain competitive advantage by only using their limited resources, resulting in a significant reduction in the survival rate of start-ups. The corporate entrepreneurship ecosystem is an ecosystem developed with large enterprises as the core to support the incubation and growth of start-ups. Large enterprises rely on the Internet of things, big data, cloud computing and other technologies to develop an innovation and entrepreneurship platform through opening and sharing resources, forming an open entrepreneurship ecosystem with the participation of many stakeholders, so as to improve the success rate of start-ups. It has also re-energised the development of large enterprises and achieved common growth with start-ups. #br#However, as a typical entrepreneurial ecosystem, the relevant research results are not significant. Firstly, in the corporate entrepreneurship ecosystem, large enterprises are no longer limited to internal entrepreneurship and venture capital, their behavior and process have crossed the enterprise boundary, and the logic of innovation and entrepreneurship has also changed fundamentally. The mechanism of this process is worthy of further exploration. Secondly, due to the differences in the characteristic elements, structures and connotations between ecosystems, the types of corporate entrepreneurship ecosystem are also different, and the existing research lacks the category exploration of different system models. Therefore, this paper attempts to classify the corporate entrepreneurship ecosystem from the perspective of structure.#br#Using the grounded theory research method, this paper theoretically takes 8 enterprises such as Haier, Xiaomi and Handu Group as the research samples for programmed grounding, and extracts the concepts and categories through the three steps of open coding, axial coding and selective coding, so as to obtain the classification dimension of the corporate entrepreneurial ecosystem and construct the classification model of the corporate entrepreneurial ecosystem. Then, this paper further explains the characteristics and selection strategies of various types，based on the classification model,.#br#It is found that the process of large enterprises developing entrepreneurial ecosystem is also the process of value co-creation with start-ups. Its value proposition can be divided into two dimensions: customer demand orientation and industrial demand orientation, and its pattern of actions about resource integrating can be divided into enriching and pioneering. Accordingly, the corporate entrepreneurial ecosystem can be divided into four types: product interconnection type, internal driving type,the type of teaching people to how to fish and technological transformation type. Different large enterprises can choose appropriate types to carry out practice according to the degree of diversification of their internal business and the uncertainty of the external environment.#br#This paper is a classified research based on the corporate entrepreneurial ecosystem, which enriches the relevant research in the field of entrepreneurial ecosystem, and the research on the value creation process of corporate entrepreneurship ecosystem widens the research field of value creation. At the same time, the conclusions of this paper provide practical significance for large enterprises to develop a corporate entrepreneurial ecosystem and for start-ups to participate in it. Firstly, this paper extracts four logical paths for large companies to develop an entrepreneurial ecosystem through grounded theoretical methods, which not only provides practical guidance for large enterprises interested in developing an entrepreneurial ecosystem, but also provides a new direction for large companies to get rid of organizational inertia and achieve transformation. Secondly,it expounds and analyzes the resource interaction and value co-creation between large companies and start-ups, provides practical guidance for resource acquisition and value creation of start-ups, and then improves the success rate of entrepreneurship.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (23): 97-107 [Abstract] ( 199 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1498KB] ( 332 )
108 The Influencing Factors of Corporate Technology for Social Good Based on ISM
Ruan Rongbin,Chen Wan
Corporate technology for social good is an action that enterprises adopt innovative technologies to produce and provide products/services in order to maximize user value and social welfare, and then realize commercial value and social value. Therefore, corporate technology for social good is regarded as an important criterion to realize the symbiosis between technology and society in the digital society and it has attracted the attention from theoretical and practical circles.#br#However, the extant research on the systematic analysis of the influencing factors of corporate technology for social good is relatively lagging behind. First, the existing literature focuses on the analysis of the connotation of corporate technology for social good based on different research contexts, and there is less systematic review and induction of the existing research on the connotation of corporate technology for social good. Second, the existing research ignores the interaction effects between different influencing factors, and the systematicness and comprehensiveness of extant research on exploring the influencing factors of corporate technology for social good is insufficient. Third, at present there is no scholar using qualitative materials, combined with grounded theory and ISM, to analyze the influencing factors and driving mechanisms of corporate technology for social good.#br#Given the shortcomings of existing research, this study analyzes the qualitative materials such as the interviews and speeches of 27 scholars and entrepreneurs, and extracts the influencing factors of corporate technology for social good based on grounded theory. Then, ISM this paper analyzes the internal relationship and multi-level hierarchical structure of the factors affecting corporate technology for social good based on interpretative structural model. Finally, this study depicts a driving mechanism of corporate technology for social good.#br#The results show that the cognition, attitudes and values of enterprise managers are important front factors of corporate technology for social good. Consumer demand and identification of innovation opportunities are necessary conditions for corporate technology for social good. Internal supports, such as corporate vision and mission, organizational management and governance structure are the key foundation for corporate technology for social good. Groups and elements related to external interests including government regulation and social norms are important driving forces for corporate technology for social good with the essential support from market environment and social development.〖HJ*2/7〗#br#On the basis of the above research conclusions, this study puts forward some management suggestions. First, by holding series of symposiums on corporate technology for social good,entrepreneur associations can invite typical enterprises practicing the “corporate technology for social good” to introduce the enterprise strategic layout and action path for reference, which will imperceptibly affect the cognition, attitudes and values of enterprise managers. Second, as a decision-making member of the formulation and implementation of enterprise strategy, managers also need to actively adjust their views on enterprise management, that is, the concept of enterprise development should change from the original commercial interest as the center to pay equal attention to both commercial and social value. Third, large enterprises can extract new business opportunities from solutions to social problems caused by traditional products/services to practice “corporate technology for social good”. Growing enterprises can identify new business opportunities based on the nature of new technology and the unmet needs of consumers. Fourth, the establishment of enterprise ethics committee and internal review system will help to ensure the social value orientation of products/services provided by enterprises. What's more, enterprises can be committed to building an internal cultural environment, mission and vision with ethical attributes, which will help to improve the sustainability of enterprises' implementation of “corporate technology for social good”. Fifth, whether enterprises improve social welfare can be regarded as a new direction of government supervision in the future. The government can issue relevant laws and regulations to promote enterprises's practice of“corporate technology for social good”. Last but not least, enterprises need to pay attention to the social demand for “goodness” in the period of transformation and development, explore innovation opportunities from social problems, and establish a business logic with conscience.#br#The contributions of this paper are as follows. This study uses grounded theory to systematically analyze the influencing factors of corporate technology for social good, and integrates the existing scattered research on the motivation of corporate technology for social good. It constructs a hierarchical structure relation model of influencing factors of corporate technology for social good based on ISM, to clarify the complex internal relationship and structure between different influencing factors, and enriches the existing research conclusions on corporate technology for social good. Moreover this study puts forward the driving mechanism of corporate technology for social good, which provides theoretical support and action path enlightenment for enterprises to implement “corporate technology for social good” and realize long-term development.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (23): 108-118 [Abstract] ( 166 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1682KB] ( 238 )
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
119 Employee Status-striving Motivation, Knowledge Sharing Behavior and Innovation Performance：A Study from the Perspective of Embeddedness Paradox
Cheng Dejun,Wang Xiaoyu
In the dynamic and changing environment, top management's knowledge and attention limitations make it difficult for organizations to observe accurately and respond to the changes in technology, products, customers, etc. Middle and lower-level employees often assume the role of the trigger and initiator of spontaneous innovation within the organization. The new institutional theory from a sociological perspective argues that organizations can constrain employee creativity through recruitment, training and socialization. Thus, the paradox of embeddedness of individual innovation in sociology argues that when individuals are embedded in organizations and social networks of relationships, they have access to the resources and social support needed for change but often lack the vision, information and motivation to implement change; while when individuals are de-embedded in the organization's internal network, they have the information and motivation to change, but lack the resources and ability to implement change. However, the new institutional theory from an economic perspective asserts that employees are characterized by limited rationality and opportunism. They will take full advantage of internal promotion and development according to the incentives provided by the organization to create benefits for the organization while gaining personal value.#br#Innovative firms often face higher levels of status conflict. Previous research on status conflict has generally concluded that status conflict has a deterrent effect on organizational learning. However, recent studies have found that status and power hierarchies can effectively motivate innovation and coordinate innovation activities within an organization by placing high competence at higher levels. Therefore, this paper argues that the embeddedness paradox of innovative firms can be effectively resolved by introducing status competition mechanisms. Compared with dominant status-striving motivation, prestige status-striving motivation often promotes individual knowledge-sharing behavior and enhances employees' innovation performance. Therefore, this paper focuses on the prestige status-striving motivation perspective and explores its effects' boundaries. Through an empirical survey of 227 employees in a large media company, the data analysis results show that firstly, individual prestige status-striving motivation positively affects innovation performance, in which knowledge sharing plays a mediating effect. Second, in informal relationship networks, members in non-core positions tend to have higher motivation to adopt prestige status-striving motivation to obtain more support and phenotype newer knowledge-sharing behaviors. Finally, members of high formal status who are in marginal positions in informal networks are more likely to adopt prestige status-striving motivation in status conflict and show more knowledge-sharing behaviors.#br#This study enriches the antecedents of employee innovation performance and responds to the controversy of the employee embeddedness paradox in current research. Then it explores the differences in employees' motivation for the status competition from the perspective of the position and degree of individuals' embeddedness in different organizational networks. By distinguishing the effects of individuals' formal and informal status on employees, competition motivation and knowledge-sharing behavior, it enriches the current research on organizational politics theory and organizational embeddedness paradox to a certain extent. By exploring the interaction mechanisms of individual formal and informal status, the study further deepens the matching mechanisms of formal and informal status in organizations and their effects. It is found that low informal and high formal status have a significant positive moderating effect on individuals' prestige-based status competition and knowledge sharing, validating the compensatory match between formal and informal organizational systems. #br#There are certain reference implications for enterprises. First, managers should face up to employees' needs for status, and regard employee status competition correctly and dialectically, and actively guide employees to adopt prestige status-striving motivation. Second, companies should focus on the organization's informal network, its differences and the formal network. On the one hand, managers can fully use informal status as an effective predictive tool to help them better achieve innovation, such as giving support to individuals at a disadvantage in the relational network and providing more performance opportunities or empowerment. On the other hand, individuals of low informal status who lack the ability and resources to implement change can often facilitate matters, if they are complemented by formal status. Therefore, organizations can utilize the inconsistency between formal and informal networks to promote individual innovation by periodically adjusting the formal structure.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (23): 119-127 [Abstract] ( 242 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1256KB] ( 283 )
Innovation in Civil-Military Integration
128 The Influence of the Military-civilian Deep Collaboration in Enterprises' Breakthrough of Key and Core Technologies
Sun Leihua,He Haiyan,Chang Xiaohan,Yuan Wei
Since the founding of new China, affected by the different focuses of economic and national defense construction in different historical periods, China has gradually formed a dual military-civilian structure in which economic construction and national defense construction are in separate operation. In order to solve this problem, marked by the issuance and implementation of the Opinions on the Integrated Development of Economic Construction and National Defense Construction (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), China began to further integrate national defense and military construction into the economic and social development system, and keep improving the integrated development level of economic construction and national defense construction. China endeavors to promote the two-way flow, complementary and mutual use of military and local resources, gives full play to the national defense benefits of economic construction and the economic benefits of national defense construction, actively conducts joint research on key and core technologies especially in the field of science and technology, and promotes the synchronous improvement of military and civilian collaborative innovation capability. In the new era, it has become a major strategic choice for China to implement the overall national security concept and coordinate development and security by keeping promoting in-depth military-civilian collaboration. Hence there is important theoretical and practical significance for China's better overall development to systematically analyze and empirically study the influence mechanism of military civilian deep collaboration on enterprises' breakthrough in key and core technologies. However, from the existing research, there is no literature to systematically analyze and empirically study the impact of military civilian deep collaboration on enterprises' breakthrough of and core technologies and its internal mechanism. #br#This paper uses the implementation of the Opinions on the integrated development of economic construction and national defense construction as a quasi-natural experiment, and employs the difference-in-difference model to analyze the influence of military-civilian deep collaboration in enterprises to break through key and core technologies. The results show that the military-civilian deep colllaboration can help enterprises to break through key and core technologies. The above conclusion is still valid after parallel trend test, placebo test and other series of robustness tests. Moreover the deep military-civilian collaboration mainly breaks through the key and core technologies with the drives of technology, policy and market; the military-civilian deep collaboration can simultaneously promote the "military-into-civilian" and civilian-invested military enterprises, state-owned and private enterprises to break through the key and core technologies.#br#The possible contributions of this paper are as follows. (1) It builds an analytical framework for military civilian in-depth collaborative breakthrough in key and core technologies. on the basis of the theory of system science, this study analyzes how the in-depth military civilian cooperation systematically affects enterprises to break through key and core technologies. With the proposal of the "three wheel drive" mechanism containing technology market policy, it enriches the theoretical framework of this subdivided research field and deepens the understanding of how to give full play to the advantages of the new national system, integrate military and civilian forces to break through the "bottleneck" problems. (2) It tests the implementation effect of relevant strategic policies from the perspective of micro enterprises, and expands the research on the relationship between macro strategy and micro enterprise behavior. It not only enriches the research on the influencing factors of key and core technology breakthrough by investigating the breakthrough of key and core technologies from the perspective of military civilian deep collaboration, but also expands the research on the economic consequences of military civilian collaboration. (3) Through the empirical research, the study provides micro evidence that the strategy of military civilian deep coordination affects the breakthrough of key and core technologies, reveals the internal path of its impact and has important reference value for the follow-up deployment of military civilian synergy development strategy.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (23): 128-139 [Abstract] ( 286 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1529KB] ( 5231 )
140 Technological Diversification, Inventor Network Embedding and Technological Innovation Efficiency of Civil-Military Integration Enterprises
Li Xiaoli,Chen Lei
As the main force to promote the further development of civil-military integration in China, the civil-military integration enterprises shoulder the dual responsibility of promoting the development of national defense and economic construction, and their technological innovation is also the key to promote the sustainable development of the national economy and the level of science and technology. However there are some problems, especially for the dual-use technology, it is difficult to transfer and re-develop, or due to the level of civil-military integration in each province, and the resources for technological innovation of civil-military integration enterprises in different regions may be restricted, leading to inefficient technological innovation. So what is the efficiency of technological innovation of China's civil-military integration enterprises, and what factors really affect the efficiency of technological innovation of these enterprises? It is crucial to clarify these questions in order to further improve the technological innovation quality of China's civil-military integration enterprises. #br#This paper uses a stochastic frontier model to measure the technological innovation efficiency of 107 civil-military integration enterprises in China from 2015-2020, and constructs indicators of technological diversification, structural holes and network density of intra-firm inventor cooperation networks based on the patent data of civil-military integration enterprises. By the social network analysis method and multiple linear regression, this paper empirically analyzes the effects of technological diversification, inventor network embedding and their interaction on the technological innovation efficiency of enterprises, and explores the effects of complementary relationship and the equilibrium relationship between structural holes and network density on the technological innovation efficiency of enterprises. #br#The results show that the average value of technological innovation efficiency of China's civil-military integration enterprises needs to be much improved.The technological innovation efficiency of state-owned civil-military integration enterprises is higher than that of private civil-military integration enterprises, while the technological innovation efficiency of civil-military integration enterprises in relatively mature and technology-intensive industries is higher than that of relatively capital-intensive industries. In terms of influencing factors, it is found that firstly technological diversification, structural holes and their interactions have positive effects on technological innovation efficiency of civil-military integration enterprises, which means that the implementation of the technology diversification strategy is conducive to the establishment of a diversified technological knowledge base in the civil-military integration enterprises, and the inventors occupying the structural holes can use the technological knowledge for innovation; secondly network density and its interaction with technological diversification have negative effects on technological innovation efficiency, so it can be seen that the good relationships between inventors may lead to the locking of technological information in the firm, and that inventors may not be willing to accept new network relationships in order to remain network loyal; thirdly the complementary relationships between network density and structural holes inhibit the improvement of technological innovation efficiency of civil-military integration enterprises, but the balance of their implementation within civil-military integration enterprises can promote technological innovation efficiency, so under the condition of limited resources, the civil-military integration enterprise should coordinate the relationship between network density and structural holes among inventors. #br#This paper expands the research samples and types of civil-military integration enterprises, and also enriches the measurement methods of their technological innovation efficiency. Then it reveals the mechanism of inventor cooperation network of the civil-military integration enterprises on the technological innovation efficiency of the enterprises. Moreover, this paper deeply explores the connection between technology diversification strategy and inventor cooperation network within civil-military integration enterprises, and constructs a model of the interaction between technology diversification and inventor cooperation network from two perspectives of strategic management and knowledge management. It is suggested that civil-military integration enterprises should implement open innovation models, and integrate military and civilian technology resources to adopt technology diversification strategies. And enterprises should also intervene in the distribution and communication of inventor networks to prevent the formation of technological path dependencies. Meanwhile excessive use of informal organizations should be prohibited to prevent information locking within the enterprises, and cooperation of inventors should be encouraged, but the network density and structural holes in inventor collaboration networks should be also balanced. Finally, enterprises also need to strengthen the investment of R&D personnel and motivate inventors to continuously improve their ability to recognize and absorb heterogeneous knowledge in order to enhance the integration of knowledge.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (23): 140-150 [Abstract] ( 211 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1363KB] ( 277 )
Review
151 A Literature Review and Prospects of Employees′ Deviant Innovation
Lyu Rongjie,Feng Yuwei,Zhang Yiming,Hao Lixiao
In the increasingly fierce market competition, innovation is an important support for the sustainable development of organizations. However, in the process of innovation practice, the existing resource stock often cannot meet all innovation needs. The main body of organizational innovation are employees whose innovation constraints are often greater than their innovation autonomy. If enterprises cannot adopt all innovative ideas, employees will choose informal ways to realize their innovative ideas. Without the approval of the organization, the act of putting this innovative idea into practice is called deviant innovation, that is, employees actively carry out informal innovation activities in private. It is worth noting that employees' deviant innovation with the characteristics of "deviation" and "concealment" not only effectively complements the formal organizational innovation approach,but also can stimulate the potential and vitality of more disruptive innovation and realize the great leap forward development of the organization. In addition, studies have found that the incidence of employees' deviant innovation behavior is as high as 80% in science and technology enterprises, which may be more common in Chinese organizations with the characteristics of collectivism and high-power distance. Therefore, given the importance and universality of employees' deviant innovation, organizations should pay attention to employees' deviant innovation, and academia should pay more attention to the research of deviant innovation. But only a few studies focus on the impacts of deviant innovation on innovation ability and innovation performance, or explore the influencing factors of deviant innovation behavior. There is a lack of systematic review.#br#　　　Therefore, by combing the research literature on deviant innovation at home and abroad on CNKI, Web of Science, Google Scholar and other channels, this study uses Endnote, the literature management software, to preliminarily classify and sort out the literature. Then it further summarizes and comments on the concept connotation, feature classification, measurement tools and theoretical basis of employee deviant innovation to provide reference for future research.#br#　　　Firstly, this study explains the development context of the concept of employee deviant innovation, and finds that there are mainly two views and summerizes six representative concepts. In order to define deviant innovation more clearly, the similarities and differences between deviant innovation and other similar behaviors are analyzed from the perspective of internal separation and external comparison. Then by integrating the two behavior characteristics of " deviation" and "concealment", this study emphasizes the complete connotation of employees' deviant innovation under the boundary condition of tight innovation resources, shifting the perspective of deviant innovation feature classification from "process" to "behavior" itself with the focus on the classification of deviant innovation in behavior motivation and behavior subject.#br#　　　Secondly, by combing through three measurement tools of employee deviant innovation, it is found that these measurement tools are suitable for deviant innovation with the characteristics of confrontation, deviation, concealment and process. It not only defines the applicable situation of the current scale, but also points out the development direction of the scale in the future.#br#　　　Thirdly, this study summarizes the five commonly used theories in the existing research, such as tension theory, social exchange theory and self-determination theory, and discriminates them from four perspectives: core view, focus, interpretation mechanism and limitations. On the basis of the previous common theories, it introduces the classic theory of explaining behavior, the planned behavior theory, and summarizes the antecedent variables of employees' deviant innovation into three aspects: behavior belief, normative belief and control belief. The outcome variables of employees' deviant innovation are divided into three aspects: individual, organization and leadership, and accordingly the theoretical logic chain of "behavior intention→behavior generation→behavior result" of deviant innovation is constructed. The model integrated in this paper is not only a supplement to the "individual-organization-leadership" leading framework of the previous review, but also provides a new theoretical perspective for further exploring the process model of deviant innovation behavior.#br#　　　Finally, on the basis of summarizing the literature research on deviant innovation, this study takes the situations of localization, digitization and teamwork into consideration, and puts forward the future research direction from the concept, measurement, cause and effect of employee deviant innovation.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (23): 151-160 [Abstract] ( 372 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1269KB] ( 710 )
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