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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY
 
2022 Vol.39 Issue.7
Published 2022-04-10
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
Regional Scientific Development
Industrial Technological Progress
Enterprise Innovation Management
Innovation in Civil-Military Integration
Review
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
Innovation in Science and Technology Management
1 The Evolution Model of Basic Research Dynamic Communities
Dong Jinyang,Liu Tiezhong,Zhang Xiang,Dong Ping
Solid basic research is an inevitable requirement for scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement, and to strengthen basic research, it is necessary to highlight the key points and condense the practical scientific problems in China's social and economic development from the two angles of application traction and bottleneck breakthrough. To this end, the "14th Five-Year Plan" clearly points out the frontier fields of high-tech development such as artificial intelligence, quantum information, integrated circuits, and aerospace technology. It is the natural function for basic research to cultivate talents. Compared with the uncertainty of scientific research achievements in these frontier fields, talents and dynamic scientific communities are more important in promoting the long-term development of China’s basic research. For example, the STEM program of the United States is aimed at attracting high-end science and engineering talents, the Japanese specific skills talent program, etc. are emphasizing the importance of cutting-edge talent and dynamic communities as well as the Japanese specific skills talent program, etc. All of these programs emphasize the importance of cutting-edge talent and dynamic communities. Because of the social public goods attributes of basic research, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) has become the main channel for basic research funding in China. Since the establishment of the NSFC in the 1980s, China's basic research has achieved a series of phased results. It is the key issue of public concern to find out the existing results and targeted basic research transformation and to promote the frontier field of independent control.#br#From the perspective of dynamic community, this study explores the development rules of scientific and technological talents in basic research based on the published data of the NSFC in China and National Science Foundation (NSF) in the United States. A basic research dynamic community evolution analysis framework is proposed in this article. With this framework we analyze the development law of basic research talents from multiple aspects. Firstly, this article builds a basic research dynamic scientific collaboration network, uses the CPM algorithm to extract static academic communities, improves the instant-optimal method based on the social stratification theory and the Pareto principle, and improves the role of key scientists in the identification of dynamic communities. Secondly, this paper improves the dynamic community life cycle model and adds stable events to better describe the activity of dynamic community’s evolution. Thirdly, based on the system theory and the co-opetition theory, this paper extracts 16 indicators of dynamic community evolution from the three aspects of structure, evolution and output, and classifies the indicators into four aspects including scale and quantity, output and speed, competition and cooperation and activity, evolution and development continuity. With these 16 indicators and the integrated circuit research field as a case study, we analyze the law of evolution of dynamic communities. #br#It is found that the evolution of basic research dynamic communities in the United States is characterized by a mature development mode. China started late in the dynamic community research, but it is catching up fast and surpassed gradually with the United States in three stages as a surpass mode. Additionally, the dynamic communities of China’s basic research have a generally longer growth period, larger size and active cooperation of scientific research and development power. But China’s basic research scientific communities is embodied with the characteristics of large output, high speed, low quality and low cost.#br#According to the research results, four suggestions are proposed to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of basic research in China. The first is to increase investment in scientific research, and combine the layout of key fields with the layout of disciplines. The second is to respect the uncertainty of the path of basic research, create a cultural atmosphere that tolerates failure, and meet the time requirement of in-depth exploration. Thirdly, we should pay attention to the training of basic research personnel and the development of scientific and technological personnel. Fourthly, for the basic research fields closely related to applications, such as integrated circuits , we should make use of the market and the company's scientific research strength to improve the industrial conversion efficiency of basic research achievements as soon as possible.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (7): 1-11 [Abstract] ( 457 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2219KB] ( 297 )
12 The Development History, Practical Pattern and Strategic Enlightenment of Worldwide Inducement Prize：Multi Case Analysis of Typical Inducement Prize Implemented in the New Century
Song Zhaoxiang,Si Linbo
Inducement prize has experienced a wide range of practices with a long history worldwide. Inducement prize is considered as a research management tool to attract potential participants to solve specific problems by offering a reward in cash or other ways. In China, a research management system called "Jie Bang Gua Shuai" has been proposed recently. It refers to an open competition mechanism to select the best candidates. It is essentially consistent with the concept, process, and objectives of the inducement prize. Since it is a new concept in China, relevant administrators and participants do not have deep understanding of the system and its application skills. By combing and summarizing the development process and characteristics of global inducement prize , we analyze the typical cases organized by European and American countries since the new century and put forward referential enlightenment and suggestions on the key elements such as "setting awards", "publishing information", "evaluation and selection" and "project incentive", in the hope of finding ways to improve and enhance the application of "Jie Bang Gua Shuai" system in China.
From the authoritative database, a total of 124 worldwide inducement prize projects are collected and 6 of them with high qualifications, long periods, different emphases, multiple achievements, and tremendous influence are selected as the object of case analysis. In the case study, taking the establishment principle, organizational authorization and incentive mechanism as the starting point, this paper summarizes the application and development history of inducement award in the world. Moreover, the typological analysis method has been applied in this paper. Finally, it analyzes and summarizes the characteristics and experience of three types of inducement awards launched by the United States, the United Kingdom and the European Union in the new century, focusing on goal design, full authorization and hierarchical incentive. The results show that since the 21st century, the worldwide inducement prize has formed its unique style in terms of target and award setting principle, organizational authorization, and motivation mechanism. From the 6 collected Western inducement prize cases, we conclude three contemporary characteristics as efficient guiding effect, clear design principles, and complex influencing factors. To be more specific, firstly, the government, enterprises and relevant organizations precisely set the reward targets for science and technology, and the expert teams can quickly focus on the most urgent technical needs. Meanwhile it also stimulates the public innovation consciousness, and win public support of the scientific research and innovation activities. Secondly the communication cost of different departments and participants should be reduced as much as possible. The reward setting period should also be cross demonstrated in all core departments to ensure that the project cost will not be excessively consumed or wasted. Thirdly there are multiple factors affecting the effectiveness of project with inducement prize, such as the effectiveness of research objectives, the compatibility of incentive system, the comprehensive effect of project implementation, the pertinence of reward forms, the guarantee of policy mechanism and the core needs of competition audiences. It is an effective method to confirm and find out the correlation and cross effect between each element and the final goal.
The existing practical experience of worldwide inducement prize sheds light on China's "Jie Bang Gua Shuai" project management in 3 main aspects. (1) It is vital to clarify the reward principle that meets the organizational demands in the preparation and design stage of the project. Also, founders and organizers have to reach a consensus on the standard of objective setting. (2) It is essential to accurately analyze the crucial elements that meet the demands of potential target participating groups, and formulate and implement diversified incentive methods that can operate stably for a long time. Moreover, in the process of project design and implementation, we should also combine the characteristics of the technical field and organizational culture to loosen the empowerment of competition teams and individuals, shorten the length of process approval chain and improve management efficiency, so as to create favorable conditions for organizers and participants to make scientific decisions and operate effectively in the rapidly changing project environment. (3) In the process of initiation, implementation, and acceptance for the "Jie Bang Gua Shuai" project, the organizers should carefully organize and apply the complete system construction to provide the necessary guarantee for the project's successful operation. In management practice, relevant system management rules and standard operating procedures are not only the necessary conditions for establishing project rules, but also an important program for unifying the thought and decision-making behavior of all staff in the process of tackling key technical problems.
There are two main contributions in this paper. First of all, Chinese academia lacks research on the development and practice of the current global inducement award. By combing the development history of inducement awards in western countries, this study expounds the characteristics, differences and key points of inducement awards in the same period, and reveals the background, evolution process and development reform of European and American science and technology awards. Secondly, this study selects typical cases in the 21st century with significant influence in the world, and makes a in-depth analysis of the top-level design, system construction, cultural atmosphere, motivation policy, system guarantee, and other vital aspects of inducement prize. The research provides suggestions and experience for establishing and perfecting the research organization mode suitable for the "Jie Bang Gua Shuai" system.
2022 Vol. 39 (7): 12-22 [Abstract] ( 540 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2203KB] ( 310 )
23 Research on Intellectual Property, Technical Standards and Competitiveness of Platform Ecosystem
Wu Zhenggang
The emergence of the platform ecosystem is changing the way and elements of market competition, and the market competition is gradually changing from product competition, enterprise competition, supply chain competition to platform competition. The innovation achievements represented by intellectual property and technical standards directly affect the linking ability and network effect of the platform, and determine the development space and economic interests of the members of the platform ecosystem. On the one hand, enterprises set up technical barriers through intellectual property and technical standards to keep market dominance in the competition; on the other hand, through the authorized use of intellectual property and technical standards, they broke the original technical system and monopoly pattern, led technological development, occupied the commanding heights of industry and upgraded products to the platform. Especially driven by information technology and standard interface rules, companies can configure and assemble products globally more easily , and link directly to end users through the platform. Since the 21st century, platformization has gradually replaced modularization as the basis of industrial competition, and product platformization, enterprise platformization and enterprise ecosystem platformization have become a trend. At present, the research on the platform ecosystem remains in organization, architecture, governance and other aspects. The research on the relationship between intellectual property and technical standards and the competitiveness of the platform ecosystem is rarely touched in previous studies, especially the technological evolution process of the formation of the platform ecosystem and the interaction mechanism among the three have not yet been clarified. This paper analyzes the formation of the platform ecosystem from the perspective of design methodology, elicits the role and value of intellectual property and technical standards in the platform ecosystem, and explores the interaction mechanism among the three.#br#Technological progress is the fundamental force for the development and growth of the platform ecosystem. As two complementary systems of the platform ecosystem, intellectual property and platform technical standards have become the direct source of platform competitiveness and an important support for network externalities. On the one hand, the application of intellectual property and the formation of technical standards can gather more enterprises to participate in open innovation, which accelerates the process of platform product innovation. Once the opportunity is seized to form a snowball effect, it can quickly become the competitiveness of the platform. On the other hand, platform ecosystem competitiveness is built on platform products, which is the result of the application of advanced design methodologies. During the evolution of design methods, intellectual property and technical standards are both the driving force and the main achievements of technological evolution. From the perspective of the evolution of modern design methods, it starts from the intensive stage and gradually changes to the stages of standardized design, modular design, platform design and so on. The innovation achievements represented by intellectual property and technical standards are more abundant, and the efficiency of resource allocation is higher. The platform ecosystem adopts standardized interfaces and modular packaging technology, which lowers the access threshold and improves the convenience of member companies’ participation. The participation of any party will enhance the value of the platform, thereby attracting the interaction and participation of other interdependent parties, so that the welfare of all parties will increase and form the network externalities of the platform ecosystem.#br#Intellectual property are the basis, main body and core element of technical standards, and the evolution of technical standards into platform standards are the preferred choices of the platform ecosystem. When forming technical standards, intellectual property can help enterprises improve their negotiation capabilities, increase gaming chips, gain the initiative to formulate technical standards, and incorporate patents into technical standards as a mainstream trend. Technical standards are the driving force for the development of intellectual property and an important way to achieve technology diffusion. The continuous evolution and updating of technical standards promote the output of intellectual property, further enrich the platform ecology, and enhance the system's resource gathering capacity. The collaborative evolution of intellectual property and technical standards promotes the innovation and integration of platform stakeholders, which not only benefits the formation of the platform ecosystem and provides a technical foundation for the connectivity, openness and network externalities of the platform ecosystem, but also reduces the innovation risk and innovation cost of the platform ecosystem. To a certain extent, it enhances the technological superiority of the platform ecosystem.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (7): 23-32 [Abstract] ( 524 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1642KB] ( 429 )
Regional Scientific Development
33 The Influence of Technology Relatedness and Technology Transfer on Regional Technology Evolution:An example from the Chengdu—Chongqing Area
Gong Qinlin,Li Yuan,Zou Donghan
Technology is the key driving force for economic growth. The development of technology follows the law of life cycle. If regional technology is in recession for a long time, the region will also fall into recession. Technological evolution (the emergence of new technologies and the decline of old ones) is an important driving force to promote sustainable economic development and a key driving force for high-quality regional development. At present, China is facing the pressure of external trade barriers and internal kinetic energy conversion. Accelerating technological evolution and realizing self-reliance in science and technology are the key to China's connotative growth, which also requires China to pay more attention to the regional driving force of technological innovation and improve the level of regional innovation governance.#br#The evolution of technology is the result of internal and external forces. It is driven by regional endogenous innovation and affected by regional external technology spillover. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the impact of these factors on regional technology evolution from both internal and external aspects. Specifically, this paper holds that technology relatedness is the ability of a region to generate new technologies based on existing knowledge, which represents the endogenous driving force of regional innovation. Technology transfer represents the external force of regional technological innovation. Based on the panel data，this paper analyzes the impact of technology relatedness and technology transfer on technology evolution in Chengdu-Chongqing Area, and further discusses the role of regional and technological heterogeneity.#br#The results show that technology relatedness and technology transfer have a positive impact on regional technology evolution, and it is found that there is a substitution effect between technology transfer and technology relatedness. According to the technology gap theory, when the technology gap is large, technology transfer from developed regions will promote the development of undeveloped regions more effectively. When the technological gap is narrowed, it is necessary to rely on regional technology relatedness to achieve technological innovation. At the same time, high technology often has great technical barriers, and technical heterogeneity will change the role of technology relatedness and technology transfer. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the differential impact of regional heterogeneity and technical heterogeneity. The results show that technology relatedness plays a stronger role in developed areas and low-tech areas, and technology transfer plays a more significant role in backward areas and high-tech areas. Further research shows that there are an "inverted U" effect on technology evolution between technology relatedness and technology transfer, and the spillover effect in adjacent areas. #br#In order to accelerate the technological evolution of Chengdu-Chongqing area, the local governments put forward policies such as increasing R&D investment and strengthening the cultivation and introduction of high and new technologies. However, it should be noted that in the process of promoting technological evolution, attention should be paid not only to the amount of investment, but also to the structure of investment. At the same time, differentiated innovation policies should be implemented according to regional heterogeneity. Therefore, it is necessary to increase investment in the fields with strong technology relatedness, such as electronic information and automobile manufacturing. This is conducive to consolidating Chengdu-Chongqing's advantages in such technologies and avoiding the negative impact of resource dispersion and uncertainty risks. At the same time, the backward areas of Chengdu-Chongqing area should integrate into the national technological innovation network and make up for the missing links in the local innovation chain, so as to avoid falling into continuous decline. Finally, the Chengdu-Chongqing area should break the barriers of factor flow, improve the top-level design of inter-regional collaborative innovation, and build a regional technological innovation cooperation platform, thereby enhancing the overall technological innovation level of the Chengdu-Chongqing area.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (7): 33-43 [Abstract] ( 408 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2641KB] ( 217 )
44 Marketization Process, Digital Transformation and Regional Innovation Capabilities: Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Evidence
Zhuang Xudong,Wang Renzeng
It is an indispensable premise to keep improving innovation capabilities for the sustainable economic development in such a competitive world now, and it is also the representation of a country's core competitiveness. Improving regional innovation capabilities is an important way to promote the formation of a new engine of economic development, the transformation of innovation-driven development and the construction of an innovative country.#br#The core of regional innovation capabilities lies in the interaction and connection among regional innovation institutions, the efficiency of market resource allocation, and the capabilities to transform knowledge into new products and new services through technological innovation. It is closely related to the regional innovation environment based on the process of marketization and digital transformation. At present, there are few related studies on the internal influence mechanism of the marketization process on regional innovation capabilities. The internal interaction between the two has not been clarified, and further exploration is needed. Moreover, the digital transformation of the world economy is the general trend. In the context of digital transformation, the role of digital transformation in marketization and regional innovation abilities is worthy of in-depth discussion.#br#Based on China's provincial panel data, this research explores the internal connections among marketization process, digital transformation and regional innovation capabilities. It is found that promoting the marketization process has a significant role in improving regional innovation capabilities and the development of digital transformation has significantly enhanced the role of marketization in promoting regional innovation capabilities. After examining the impact mechanism, it is found that promoting the marketization process can alleviate innovation subjects, the external financing constraints and the stimulating internal innovation motivation of innovative entities, thereby indirectly improving regional innovation capabilities. Further discussion shows that the impact of marketization on regional innovation ability is heterogeneous. In regions with high degree of digitization, the effect of marketization on regional innovation ability is better and more significant. #br#Compared with the existing research, the marginal contribution of this research mainly relies on the following aspects. First, this research attempts to clarify the internal influence logic of the marketization process on regional innovation capabilities, which helps to affirm the importance of market mechanism orientation theoretically. It plays a role in providing theoretical support for the government to promote the process of marketization in order to accelerate the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy. Second, this research explores the positive moderating role of digital transformation between the marketization process and regional innovation capabilities, and discusses the issue of heterogeneity, which will help the government to formulate differentiated policies to accelerate market-oriented reforms and digital transformation. It can promote regional innovation capabilities, which is of great practical significance for China to achieve high-quality development. Third, the existing literature seldom discusses the internal connection between the marketization process and the regional innovation capabilities, and the research based on the analysis in the background of digital transformation is even less. This research helps to extend the theory of regional innovation capabilities and enriches the documents related to marketization process and digital transformation.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (7): 44-52 [Abstract] ( 630 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1301KB] ( 868 )
Industrial Technological Progress
53 Research on the Impact of Digitization on the Competitiveness of Manufacturing Industry in Global Value Chain：Empirical Evidence from China's Manufacturing Industry
Wu Youqun,Lu Huaixin,Wang Liyong
At present, the division of labor in global value chain has become the mainstream form for manufacturing industry to participate in the international division of labor. In the background of the new round of scientific revolution and industrial adjustment, the division of labor in global value chain has undergone great changes. It has become a key task for the high-quality development of China's foreign trade at present and in the future to explore the power source of optimizing the performance of China's manufacturing industry in the division of labor of global value chain from various perspectives and enhance the international competitive advantage of the manufacturing industry. Some relevant studies have pointed out that the digital transformation of manufacturing industry not only provides a key premise for global value chain division of labor, but also further promotes the deepening of global value chain division of labor. At the same time, the significant impact of digital technology on the transformation of the division of labor mechanism of the value chain and the integrated development of industries is providing excellent opportunities for China to climb to the high-end of the global value chain in China's foreign trade development. Based on the perspective of manufacturing digitalization, this paper explores the new driving force to improve the division of labor characteristics of China's manufacturing global value chain, and makes clear the advantages conferred by digital technology on manufacturing industry and the important influence and role path. It is beneficial to provide experience reference for the deep integration of digital technology and Chinese manufacturing industry, as well as to enhance the position of international division of labor and strenghthen the competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing industry in international trade.#br#From the perspective of China's manufacturing industry, this paper uses panel data of China's manufacturing industry to explore the impact of manufacturing digitization on the division of global value chain through theoretical and empirical analysis, and makes a detailed analysis of the division of manufacturing global value chain. It also analyzes the heterogeneity caused by different sources, types and industry types of digital input in order to further optimize the manufacturing global value chain division of labor based on the existing research results of the impact of manufacturing digitization on the division of labor in the global value chain.#br#Based on theoretical and empirical analysis, the main conclusions of this paper are as follows. (1) Manufacturing digitalization can promote GVC competitiveness through cost effect, allocation effect and synergistic effect. (2) In the sample period, the GVC competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry shows an overall trend of increasing, and is basically stable in the top ten, and the competitiveness of low and medium knowledge-intensive industries is the strongest. (3) Digital transformation of manufacturing industry is conducive to the improvement of GVC competitiveness. In terms of different industry types, digitization significantly promotes GVC competitiveness in low and high knowledge-intensive industries. In terms of different sources of digitalization input, the effect of international digitalization input is more obvious than domestic digitalization input. In terms of different types of digital input, software and information technology services have the most prominent promoting effect. (4) To enhance the international division of labor in manufacturing, we should focus on promoting new infrastructure construction, optimizing the distribution of digital industries, and implementing targeted digital empowerment. This study expands the definition of digital input in previous studies and measures the degree of digitalization in manufacturing industry from the perspective of industrial intermediate input. By exploring the heterogeneity of the impact of domestic, international and different types of digital input on GVC competitiveness of manufacturing, it provides reference for manufacturing enterprises to develop digital transformation and GVC competitiveness promotion strategies.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (7): 53-63 [Abstract] ( 465 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1570KB] ( 1313 )
64 An Empirical Study on the Level of Digitization Transformation of Equipment Manufacturing Enterprises：Based on the Survey Data of Shaanxi Province
Zhang Peng,Zhou Enyi,Liu Qilei
As a fusion agent of digital economy and real economy, digital technology, in the form of big data, artificial intelligence and industrial Internet, has pushed global development into a new era characterized by data-driven and intelligent development, and has inspired more and more equipment manufacturing enterprises to start digital transformation and upgrading. With the development of digital economy, many scholars have studied the relationship between digital technology and manufacturing enterprises, mainly including industrial digitalization and digital industrialization, digital technology promotion of the transformation and upgradation of manufacturing enterprises, and measurement of the integration level of digital technology and manufacturing enterprises.#br#Firstly, the digital transformation mechanism is analyzed from two aspects: the external environment and internal manifestation faced by equipment manufacturing enterprises. The external environment mainly includes government regulations, the increasingly fierce competition among enterprises, the increasing personalized needs of users and the rapid development of digital technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, cloud computing and 5G technology. Internal factors mainly include four aspects: modernization of enterprise management mode, digitization of product life cycle process, enrichment of digital products and flattening of enterprise organization structure. There is a steady exchange of information between external environment and digital transformation of equipment manufacturing enterprises, thus forming a benign ecosystem. In this ecosystem, the interaction of internal and external factors constructs the digital transformation mechanism and promotes the digital transformation process of equipment manufacturing enterprises.#br#According to the internal mechanism of the digital transformation of equipment manufacturing enterprises and the measurement standard of the transformation level, this paper studied the digital transformation of equipment manufacturing enterprises from the four dimensions of management mode reform, organizational structure reorganization, intelligent production process and service mode innovation by the methods of literature review, brainstorming, in-depth investigation and interview, and put forward the 12 first-level indicators and 23 second-level indicators and constructed the evaluation index system of digital transformation of equipment manufacturing enterprises. In order to further optimize the index structure, with the evaluation index of digital transformation of equipment manufacturing enterprises, this paper uses Delphi method to solicit the opinions and suggestions of experts and scholars again, and finally 9 first-class indexes and 17 second-class indexes were optimized as the measurement index system of digital transformation of equipment manufacturing enterprises.#br#After the establishment of the evaluation index system, 28 equipment manufacturing enterprises above designated scale in Shaanxi Province were randomly selected for questionnaire investigation. A total of 560 questionnaires were distributed and 412 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 73.6%. The reliability and validity of the survey data was the data support of the research,and the TOPSIS evaluation method of entropy weight and factor analysis were used to measure and analyze the level of digital transformation.#br#The empirical results show that the overall level of digital transformation of equipment manufacturing enterprises in Shaanxi is not high, and the transformation speed is slow. According to the research results, the ways to speed up the digital transformation and upgrading of equipment manufacturing enterprises in Shaanxi are put forward from four aspects: increasing government policy guidance and capital investment, accelerating the infrastructure construction of digital transformation of enterprises, improving the introduction and training system of digital transformation talents and promoting the collaborative innovation and development of industrial chain.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (7): 64-72 [Abstract] ( 466 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1355KB] ( 647 )
Enterprise Innovation Management
73 The Influence of External R&D Cooperation Breadth on New Product Development Performance:A Moderated Mediation Model
Xin Chong,Zhang Meiqi,Wu Yiwen
With the shortening of the new product development cycle, it is difficult for firms to maintain their advantages in the fierce market competition just by relying on internal resources to carry out innovation activities. More and more firms are engaged in partnerships with external organizations such as upstream and downstream firms in the supply chain, universities and research institutes to acquire complementary knowledge and technology to cope with the rapidly changing market environment. R&D collaboration is cross-organizational, cross-domain and highly complex, which can significantly affect new product development. Existing studies have different perspectives on external cooperation, which lead to inconsistent research conclusions. Some studies point out that the wider the scope of R&D cooperation, the more diversified external knowledge firms can acquire, which is conducive to the improvement of new product development performance. Some studies also point out that extensive external participants have an inverted U-shaped impact on new product development performance. In addition, existing research has not paid enough attention to the complexity of R&D cooperation network in the background of open innovation, which leads to poor application of R&D cooperation in complex innovation network. Therefore, the impact of external R&D cooperation breadth on new product development performance will be the sticking point that this article focuses on, that is, how market breadth and research breadth of external R&D collaboration affect new product development performance, and whether the influence will be different for firms when the similarity degree of knowledge base is different.#br#Based on the characteristics of wide distribution of external partners, this study selected 160 Chinese listed manufacturing firms from 2010 to 2018 from the perspectives of market breadth and research breadth, and the samples are from 160 companies in five industries with a total of 1 440 observations. State15.0 was used to test the hypothesis, and ordinary least squares multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between market breadth, research breadth, network learning, knowledge base homogeneity and new product development performance.#br#The results show that there is a positive correlation between the breadth of external R&D cooperation and new product development performance. Both the breadth of market and research positively affect new product development performance, and research breadth has a more significant impact. Network learning has a partial mediating role in the impact mechanism of external R&D cooperation breadth on new product development performance. Knowledge base homogeneity positively regulates the relationship between external R&D cooperation breadth and network learning, both in market breadth and research breadth.#br#This study deepens the overall cognition of the breadth of external R&D cooperation, discussing the influence of external R&D cooperation on new product development performance from the two dimensions of market breadth and research breadth. It enriches the research on the antecedent conditions affecting new product development performance, and provides theoretical support for firms to rationally select external cooperation partners. It helps to explain why there are inconsistent conclusions about the impact of external R&D collaboration on new product development performance in existing studies. In addition, by constructing a theoretical model, this study explores the mediating role of e-learning between the breadth of external R&D cooperation and new product development performance, as well as the moderating role of knowledge base homogeneity. Existing studies focus on the direct impact of external R&D cooperation on new product development performance, but the internal mechanism of how external R&D cooperation acts on new product development performance is not discussed enough, and the complexity of external R&D cooperation network is ignored. The study results reveal the mechanism of external R&D cooperation breadth on new product development performance, complementing the shortcomings of previous studies. It also enriches the theoretical research on network learning, and lays a theoretical foundation for further exploration for the mechanism of knowledge base homogeneity. Research provides theoretical guidance for firms to develop new products. Firms should implement the open innovation strategy and take the initiative to establish cooperative relationships with different types of organizations, so as to acquire rich knowledge, reduce research and development costs and improve innovation ability.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (7): 73-81 [Abstract] ( 318 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1289KB] ( 452 )
82 Venture Capital and Enterprises' Transformation from Virtual Economy to Substantial Economy
Zhou Mingsheng,Ha Kai,Diao Peng
In recent years, more and more domestic enterprises have made profits by allocating financial assets such as bank financial products and securities funds. There are two reasons why financial investment is popular in enterprises. On one hand, since the reform and opening up, the financial industry and the real estate industry have prospered unprecedentedly, attracting the continuous influx of capital and sharing high dividends. On the other hand, despite of the rapid development, China is facing many economic problems, such as declining growth rate and structural imbalance. The position of China in global industrial chain has not been fundamentally changed, the labor cost advantage has gradually been lost, and the return on investment in substantial economy has decreased significantly. Financial investment with its short cycle and quick effect, is favored by more and more enterprises. The phenomenon of enterprise financialization is quite common and the whole economic activities exhibit a trend of transforming from substantial economy to virtual economy. This phenomena has aroused wide concerns of government regulators and academia. Several studies have shown that there are many negative effects of enterprise financialization. Firstly it will restrain investment in substantial economy; secondly it will cause crowd-out effect to enterprise innovation; thirdly it will aggravate the risk of stock price crash; last but not least, it will interfere with the normal role of monetary policy. It has important theoretical value and practical significance to clarify the factors influencing enterprise financialization for preventing financial risks and promoting the development of substantial economy. Venture capital plays the role of certification and supervision, which has a positive impact on both enterprise investment and enterprise innovation. In that way, is there any influence of venture capital participation on enterprise financialization? Few scholars pay attention to this question. Therefore this article focuses on the relationship between venture capital and enterprise financialization to supplement the existing research.#br#This article chooses non-financial listed companies with IPO in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share markets from 2009 to 2019 as samples to conduct the following research. Firstly, the multiple mixed regression model is adopted to empirically analyze the impact of venture capital on enterprise financialization. Secondly, the heterogeneity of the impact of venture capital on enterprise financialization is analyzed from the perspective of industry, profitability, property right and regional attribute. Thirdly, the moderating effect of institutional investors' shareholding is examined. Fourthly, the Mediating Effect Model is applied to analyze the mechanism for the impact of venture capital on enterprise financialization. Fifthly, Propensity Score Matching (PSM) is used for the robustness test, and lastly is the expanding analysis.#br#The results show that there is a significant negative relationship between venture capital and enterprise financialization, that is, venture capital has a heterogeneously inhibitory effect on enterprise financialization. Specifically, the inhibitory effect of venture capital on enterprise financialization is mainly reflected in manufacturing enterprises, enterprises with weak profitability, non-state-owned enterprises, and enterprises in eastern regions. In addition, the higher shareholding ratio of institutional investors, the stronger inhibitory effect of venture capital on enterprise financialization. Moreover, venture capital restrains enterprise financialization by promoting real sector investment, thus, it is concluded that venture capital drives enterprises to transform from virtual economy to substantial economy. Furthermore, venture capital alleviates the financing constraint of the invested enterprises. The improvements of financing constraint does not promote enterprise financialization, but it promotes enterprise innovation.#br#Different from previous literature, this article integrates research results in the field of venture capital, corporate governance, enterprise financialization and enterprise innovation. It takes venture capital and enterprise financialization as the research object, expanding the research of venture capital on corporate governance, enriching the research on the influencing factors of enterprise financialization. From a unique perspective, this article analyzes the interaction between institutional investors and venture capital on enterprise financialization, and finds out a mechanism for the impact of venture capital on enterprise innovation, based on the perspective of financing constraint . This article also has important policy implications. The research conclusions provide some reference for government about how to improve financial services to the substantial economy, develop multi-level capital market and promote innovation-driven development strategies.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (7): 82-92 [Abstract] ( 230 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1287KB] ( 255 )
93 The Effect of Ambidextrous Innovation on Firm Value：the Mediating Effects of Leader Regulatory Focus
Qiao Penghua,Xie Hong,Zhang Ying
As China's economy enters a critical period of transformation of growth mode, ambidextrous innovation has become an important lever for high-quality development of Chinese enterprises. However, exploratory innovation has the characteristics of high cost, long cycle and high risk, which makes many enterprises fall into the cost black hole; considering the many limitations of exploratory innovation, more enterprises are committed to exploitative innovation for a long time, but this often damages the enterprises' sustainable development ability and makes it difficult to enhance the long-term value of enterprises. The academia has rich discussion on whether exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation can enhance enterprise value, but research conclusions are inconclusive. #br#Some scholars believe that the main reason for the divergence of conclusions is that situational factors are not taken into account. However, these studies often ignore the role of leaders. Leaders take charge of the overall situation of research and development innovation, so they are the key to the success of enterprise's ambidextrous innovation. Their personal characteristics, especially psychological characteristics, are bound to have an important impact on the effectiveness of ambidextrous innovation value output. Compared with other leaders' psychological characteristics, the regulatory focus reflects the leaders' behavioral strategic tendency to achieve goals, and can affect leaders' behavioral decision-making more directly. However the existing research mainly centers around the direct impact of leader regulatory focus on enterprise ambidextrous innovation strategy selection or enterprise performance, and few studies investigate the moderating role of leader regulatory focus in the relationship between ambidextrous innovation and enterprise value. #br#Therefore, based on the ambidextrous innovation theory and the regulatory focus theory, this paper adopts the data of Chinese listed companies on the Hong Kong Stock market from 2007 to 2018, and applies the text analysis method to construct the measured index of leader regulatory focus and enterprise ambidextrous innovation. It empirically analyses the influence of ambidextrous innovation on enterprise value, as well as the moderating roles of leader regulatory focus. In order to ensure the robustness of the research results, the reliability of result results is verified by a series of methods such as replace variable measurement, variable lag period, and propensity score matching methods.#br#The results indicate that both exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation are positively associated with enterprise value; however, compared with exploitative innovation, exploratory innovation is more helpful to the promotion of enterprise value. Leader promotion focus enhances the positive effect of exploratory and exploitative innovation on enterprise value, but the leader promotion focus has a stronger weakening effect on the relationship between exploratory innovation and enterprise value. Leader prevention focus strengthens the positive relationship between exploratory innovation and enterprise value, but weakens the positive relationship between exploitative innovation and enterprise value. #br#Different from previous literature, this paper creatively brings the regulatory focus of leaders into the research framework of the relationship between ambidextrous innovation and enterprise value, reconciles the existing debate on the impact of ambidextrous innovation on enterprise value, and expands the model of contingency relationship between the two. At the same time, at present, most relevant studies collect cross-sectional data of leader regulatory focus in the form of scenario experiment or questionnaire survey, which has certain limitations. This paper uses the text analysis method to extract information from the chairman's report without disturbing the sample enterprises, leader regulatory focus data are sorted out from the two dimensions of enterprise individual and time, which provides effective empirical evidence for follow-up research.#br#The research conclusion not only enriches and expands the research on the impact of ambidextrous innovation on enterprise value, but also provides empirical evidence and inspiration for how to improve the leadership efficiency and the implementation effect of ambidextrous innovation, so as to drive high-quality economic development. Specifically, on the one hand, enterprises should identify the hidden psychological characteristics of talents, allocate matching talent resources according to their innovation needs, make the best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages, so as to improve ambidextrous innovation power and innovation practical effect of enterprises and drive the high-quality development of enterprises and economy. On the other hand, enterprise leaders should clarify the influence of their psychological characteristics, consciously control the irrational impulses of dominant regulatory focus, identify and formulate correct innovation strategies, control the balanced and appropriate development of innovation, and improve the efficiency and effect of leadership.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (7): 93-102 [Abstract] ( 259 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1466KB] ( 3102 )
103 “Internet +” Strategy, Financial Asset Allocation and Enterprise Innovation Investment：Quasi-natural Experiment Based on Digital Enterprises
Zhou Xuefeng,Han Yongfei
“Internet +” can reasonably guide the combination of real enterprises with the Internet economy, promote real enterprises to optimize their innovation investment behavior based on Internet, and thus provide internal impetus for national innovation.In contemporary China, real enterprises, especially digital enterprises, are more likely to allocate financial assets due to the motivation of “reservoir” and “substitution”, thus resulting in “crowding out” effect on innovation investment, which is not conducive to high-quality integration of real enterprises and Internet economy in the long run.The government should guide the digitized enterprises to reduce the level of financial asset allocation through the implementation of the "Internet plus" strategy, and help them invest more in innovation, and achieve the high quality integration of the economic entities and the Internet economy, thus providing the impetus for the development of the real economy and promoting the sustained and healthy development of the national economy in the Internet era.#br#Taking A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2010 to 2020 as samples, this paper empirically tests the interactive relationship among the implementation of “Internet +” strategy, financial asset allocation of digital enterprises and innovation investment by using PSM-DID method.At the same time, the “reservoir” and “substitution” motivations of “Internet +” strategy on the relationship between digital enterprises' financial asset allocation and innovation investment are tested, and the results of this paper are verified by robustness tests such as adding regional dummy variables, changing explained variables and t+1 innovation investment.#br#It is found that the “Internet +” strategy can promote innovative investment by reducing the level of financial asset allocation of digital enterprises, that is, financial asset allocation exerts intermediary effect between the “Internet +” strategy and the innovative investment of digital enterprises.Further research divides innovation investment into exploratory and exploitative discovery, and we find that the “Internet+” strategy can promote digital enterprise exploratory innovation investment and inhibit utilization innovation investment.At the same time, the level of financial asset allocation can not play the intermediary effect between the “Internet+” strategy and enterprise exploratory innovation, but it has cover effect between the “Internet +” strategy and the utilization-based innovation investment.According to the test of the “reservoir” and “substitution” motivation of financial asset allocation, it is found that the “Internet +” strategy can alleviate digitalization enterprise’s “reservoir” motive, but has no obvious influence on the “substitution” motive.In addition to enriching theoretical research on Internet and innovation, this paper can provide experience and empirical support to better develop Internet economy, rationally allocate financial assets of digital enterprises and optimize innovation investment.#br#This paper has the following three marginal contributions.(1) Most of the existing researches on the impact of Internet on enterprise innovation investment are from the perspective of Internet development degree, and rare research are from the perspective of the implementation of “Internet +” strategy and financial asset allocation of digital enterprises.This paper takes the implementation of “Internet +” strategy as the subject natural experiment and examines the influence relationship and path mechanism among “Internet +” strategy, digital enterprise financial asset allocation and innovation investment, which can enrich the research on the relationship between Internet development and enterprise innovation investment.(2) This paper further subdivides innovation investment into exploratory innovation investment and exploitative innovation investment, investigates the influence of “Internet +” strategy and financial asset allocation on innovation investment of digital enterprises, and further deepens and expands the research on the economic consequences of the implementation of “Internet +” strategy.(3) By comparing the “Internet +” digital enterprise financial asset allocation strategy, and the relations among innovation investment in the group of high revenue and low revenue, high diversity of financing constraints and low financing constraint group, inspection “Internet +” strategic “reservoir” of the financial asset allocation to the digital enterprise motivation and the influence of “alternative” motivation, this paper provides corresponding theoretical guidance and policy suggestions to better develop Internet economy, rationally allocate financial assets of digital enterprises, and optimize the innovation investment.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (7): 103-113 [Abstract] ( 282 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1367KB] ( 232 )
Innovation in Civil-Military Integration
114 Financing Costs, Financial Availability and Military-Civilian Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation：AN Analysis Based on the Practice of Zhongguancun and Hunan Province
Zeng Lining,Huang Chaofeng
Military-civilian science and technology collaborative innovation(The abbreviation below is "collaborative innovation") is the key to the intersection of the national innovation-driven development strategy, the civil-military integration development strategy and the reform and strengthening of the military strategy, and is a key link to promote the simultaneous enhancement of national defence and economic strength. In the process of collaborative innovation, it’s of great importance to integrate the innovation chain, industry chain, capital chain and policy chain.#br#Under the influence of the financial market structure dominated by large banks in China, the collaborative innovation faces the double financing constraints of high financing costs and low financial availability. As the characteristics of the innovation and business activities of collaborative innovation are common to science and technology, small, medium and private enterprises, their high reliance on bank loans has led to credit discrimination, credit constraints and adverse selection problems, which together lead to the creation of financing constraints. These financial market problems together constrain the support of market capital for the collaborative innovation.#br#Most scholars have affirmed the important role of the "capital chain" in the collaborative innovation. Most of these studies have discussed the role and influence of the "capital chain" from a macroscopic perspective and put forward relevant governance suggestions such as giving play to the leverage of financial funds, broadening financing channels and establishing a service system, but the analysis of the formation root causes of the financing constraints of collaborative innovation is not in-depth enough, and the countermeasure suggestions are rather general and lacking in relevance. The innovation of this paper is that, starting from a theoretical review of the manifestation, formation mechanism and cracking path of the financing constraint of collaborative innovation, Zhongguancun and Hunan province are taken as the representatives of two types of endowment regions, and case studies and experience summaries are made and two different replicable development models are proposed accordingly, which provide practical ideas for financial support of collaborative innovation for other regions with similar development bases. #br#The scale cost advantage of financial intermediaries and the informal signalling mechanism of political connections can effectively alleviate the financing constraints of enterprises in the short term. With the service concept of "market operation and professional cooperation", Beijing Zhongguancun Military-Civilian Integration Industrial Park has played a decisive role in the market and the government's role as a support, effectively alleviating the financing constraints of enterprises in the park and becoming a pioneer among financial intermediaries in the collaborative innovation. The political connection can compensate to some extent for the gap in the role of the market. The government of Hunan province has taken the initiative to strengthen cooperation with policy-oriented financial institutions, strengthen the information release effect and complete the linkage of the chain, so as to complete the financial support for local collaborative innovation through close bank-government cooperation.#br#From the two examples, the key of smoothing the financial chain lies in combining the decisive role of market resource allocation with a better role of the government, so as to realize an effective match between the supply and demand of technology and capital. In areas where technology is concentrated and capital is abundant, the decisive role of the market is given full play, and intermediary service platforms are allowed to become a bridge linking the supply and demand sides of technology with the supply and demand sides of capital for projects. It is suggested to use scientific and technological means such as big data to form a list of updated and complete information on collaborative innovation projects, establish a database of enterprise information to provide statistics on project capital needs, and clarify the investment channels of financial institutions through public release and targeted information pushing on the platform to improve the financial accessibility of collaborative innovation projects. By innovating service content and service methods, breaking down the barriers of the technology by breaking down the barriers of the discourse system between the supply and demand sides, we can find the demand side for good technology projects, reduce the uncertainty of technology transformation and market application, lower the financing cost, and ultimately alleviate the financing constraints faced by the collaborative innovation. In regions with high innovation potential but relatively lagging financial markets, the government's role can be better utilized, and the signaling mechanism of political association can be used to form an effective supplement to the failure of the market's role. China Development Bank which has the advantages of long lending cycles, low costs and stable capital flows, was chosen as the main bank. Business specialists with relevant academic backgrounds and military experience should be selected for mutual communication. The bank and government have signed strategic cooperation agreements and cadres have been posted for exchange, and banks and enterprises have been effectively docked through project screening activities, while banks have formed a "bank consortium" and a regular joint meeting system to alleviate information asymmetry between banks, government and enterprises and to solve the problems of insufficient endowment and weak chain connection.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (7): 114-122 [Abstract] ( 296 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2084KB] ( 309 )
123 The Path Selection Mechanism for Digital Transformation of Third-tier Military Enterprises in the Digital Economy
Liu Liang,Jin Ruifeng,Song Jiashan
Digital economy is highly stressed and it was required to "promote digital industrialization and industrial digitization, promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the substantial economy, and create an internationally competitive digital industry cluster". The third-line military enterprises are a group of national defense industry scientific research and production units that have been relocated to the central and western regions. They have improved national productivity pattern and promoted the economic development of the central and western regions. The research on the digital transformation of the third-tier military enterprises can fundamentally improve the level of national digital economy and contribute to the successful implementation of the Western Development Strategy. #br#This paper adopts the qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) method. The sample size of this study is moderate, and the cases cover various third-tier military enterprises. Considering that there may be multiple equivalent combinations to achieve transformation paths in the research process, this study takes the qualitative comparative analysis method (fsQCA) of fuzzy sets. Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) case selection follows the two basic principles of "maximum similarity" and "maximum difference", so researchers are required to select typical and representative case samples. The case companies in this article are selected from the list of "Typical Cases of Digital Transformation of State-owned Enterprises in 2020" and "Science and Technology Reform Demonstration Enterprises" issued by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council. A total of 41 representative cases related to third-tier military enterprises were selected. The selection of cases follows the following principles. First, the case enterprises are related to the third-tier military enterprises, and the enterprises themselves are developed from the third-tier military enterprises, or merged, reorganized or newly built enterprises with the attributes of the third-tier military enterprises. Second, the case companies should have made many attempts in digital transformation, and have reference value after the representative research of the region or industry. Third, enterprises are in different positions in the industry, with enterprise cases of different technical degrees. Fourth, according to the innovation and entrepreneurship index, case companies with relatively large environmental differences are selected. The innovation and entrepreneurship index is derived from the China Innovation and Entrepreneurship Regional Index.#br#The digital transformation framework is established based on the collected data and theory, and the anchor points required for data calibration are obtained by preprocessing the data. First we calibrate the data according to the selected anchor point, convert the data into a membership score between 0 and 1, and convert it into a set concept required for software analysis; then we perform a necessary condition analysis to test whether the result set is a set of conditions. It is found that each antecedent variable cannot be considered as a necessary condition to promote the success of digital transformation of third-tier military enterprises, and each enterprise has its own way of promoting the success of digital transformation. Therefore, the five antecedent variables are all third-tier military enterprises. It is a non-essential condition for the digital transformation of military enterprises. Finally, the configuration analysis is carried out. This paper determines that the consistency threshold is 0.75, and the frequency threshold is 1. The truth table analysis in QCA software is used to analyze the data, and enterprises’ names are used to display the combined results to obtain the true value. We generate complex solutions, intermediate solutions and simple solutions through standard analysis, combine the simple solutions and intermediate solutions to classify the conditions and build a conditional configuration analysis table.#br#From the comprehensive analysis of the results of the intermediate solutions and simple solutions, it is found that under different combinations of conditions there are five paths realizing the digital transformation of third-tier military enterprises.#br#This paper summarizes three types of digital transformation paths for third-tier military industrial enterprises from the five paths: front, middle, and rear industry transformation paths, digital platform transformation paths, and product service transformation paths. From the micro-level influencing factors and actual cases, it analyzes how the third-tier military enterprises choose the digital transformation path in specific situations, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of top-level design, organizational system, industry standards and business model innovation according to the actual situation of the case. The study enriches the research on the digital transformation path of China's third-line military enterprises in the digital economy.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (7): 123-131 [Abstract] ( 361 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1332KB] ( 691 )
Sci-tech Talent Cultivation
132 The Inverted U-shaped Relationship Between Team Status Disparity and Team Creativity: Moderating Effects of Task Characteristics
Chang Tao,Pei Feixia
Team is the power source of modern organizational innovation, and how to promote team creativity has become the focus widely discussed by organizations. However, team members long for status in their teams because of great pressure from social competition and strong need to meet career development. Therefore, competition and motivation of status that could make any degree of team status disparity can influence interactive process among members within teams, which will further influence team creativity. Therefore, modern organizations should design team status disparity carefully.#br#However, it is found through literature review that the relevant research about the relationship between team status disparity and team creativity mainly focus on team performance, and little research is specialized in team creativity. Moreover, there are great divergences in the research on team effectiveness among scholars. Some scholars consider that team status disparity is helpful for teams while other scholars consider team status disparity is harmful to teams. In addition, all of the above research is based on the fundamental assumption of simple linear relation. Therefore, this study will break through this limitation of the above fundamental assumption and explore the complex nonlinear relationship between team status disparity and team creativity which probably exists.#br#High level of team creativity can't exit without effective discrete process and effective convergent process for the thinking. Specifically, effective discrete process makes contribution to generate lots of diversified thoughts, while effective convergent process for the thinking makes contribution to understand and further choose and integrate these thoughts. Therefore, this study will explore the influence of team status disparity on team creativity through the above both of interactive processes.#br#Because teams are built due to specific tasks, members will express to seek status accordingly and dynamically adjust the interaction mode with other members. Thus, this study will explore the two task characteristics (i.e. task complexity and task interdependence) which influence the relationship between team status disparity and team creativity through the perspective of interactive processes.#br#Therefore, the theoretical model is built to explore the inverted U-shaped effect of team status disparity on team creativity based on the perspective of interaction within teams. The relative field test was carried out with 455 valid questionnaires collected from 106 teams. As the results tested by Mplus 7.4 are shown, team status disparity has an inverted U-shaped effect on team creativity. Task complexity and task interdependence significantly moderate the above relationship, which influence the position of the inflection point of the inverted U-shaped relationship. Specifically, as task complexity increases, the inflection point of the inverted U-shaped curve moves left and the position of the inflection point becomes higher. Similarly, as task interdependence increases, the inflection point of the inverted U-shaped curve moves left and the position of the inflection point becomes higher.#br#In general, through opening up another nonlinear thinking way, this study further profoundly describes the unique relationship between team status disparity and team creativity, and reconcile the great divergences in the relevant existing research, which broadens a new thinking vision for the research on team status disparity involved in team effectivity in the future. Meanwhile, this study takes the lead in special study on the influence of team status disparity on team creativity, which deepens theoretical insight into team status disparity and opens up a new perspective for further study on team creativity. Furtherly, this study provides the interesting insight into the boundary conditions between team status disparity and team creativity from the perspective of team characteristics. Finally, this study has made some helpful attempts on identification and location of the inflection point of the inverted U-shaped curve,as well as certain contribution to the research on nonlinear curve.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (7): 132-141 [Abstract] ( 318 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1436KB] ( 360 )
142 A Multilevel Research of Playfulness Climate, Creative Process Engagement on Radical Innovation
Li Ling,Tao Houyong,Song Hao
Enterprises are confronted with increasingly fierce market competition, and innovation is the main driving force to maintain competitive advantage. Innovation is generally divided into radical and incremental innovation. Radical innovation emphasizes the novelty and cutting-edge knowledge and technology, while incremental innovation improve existing knowledge and technology mainly by conventional, step-by-step and minor advancement. Based on this, according to the different impact on employee innovative ability, this paper divides employees' innovative behavior into radical and incremental innovative behavior. Radical innovative behavior means that employees can take the initiative to internalize innovative behavior, and they are bold enough to break the convention, and use creative thinking to overcome technical problems. Incremental innovative behavior, on the other hand, refers to the gradual, procedural and even minor modifications of the original technologies, methods or schemes based on daily practices. This behavior has little influence on the breakthrough improvement of enterprise innovative ability. Therefore, the radical innovative behavior is more conducive to the sustainable and subsequent innovation, determines the core competitiveness of enterprises. This paper discusses the mechanism and boundary conditions of individual playfulness on employee radical innovative behaviors, and tests the mediating role of creative process participation and the multi-level moderator of playfulness climate.#br#This paper selects 60 sample enterprises as the research object, mainly distributed in Suzhou, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shanghai and Wuhan, covering machinery manufacturing, scientific research services, electronic information and other industries. A total of 326 employee questionnaires and 60 team leader questionnaires were distributed. After excluding invalid samples, 44 valid team questionnaires (the effective rate was 73.33%) and 237 valid employee questionnaires (the effective rate was 72.70%) were finally recovered. The results show that individual playfulness has a significant direct effect on employee radical innovative behavior; creative process engagement plays a mediating role between individual playfulness and radical innovative behavior; playfulness climate positively moderates the relationship between individual playfulness and creative process engagement; individual playfulness is moderated by playfulness climate through the mediating effect of creative process engagement on employee radical innovative behavior.#br#There is a natural connection between individual playfulness and employee innovative behavior. If enterprises want to stimulate employee radical innovative behavior, they need to manage all aspects of workplace playfulness. In the daily management, the supervisors and managers give positive affirmation and encouragement to the appropriate recreational activities of employees. Based on the flow theory, this paper creatively introduces the variable of creative process investment, and clarifies the intermediary role of creative process investment between individual playfulness and employee radical innovative behavior. The playfulness climate is incorporated into this framework which reveals the situational conditions of individual playfulness acting on employee radical innovative behavior through creative process investment. In daily management, the enterprise gives positive affirmation and encouragement to the appropriate recreational activities of employees. In order to encourage employees to actively participate in the innovative activities, employees are given more individual rights and psychological authorization. On the other hand, the assessment of employees engaged in creative work can be changed from "process orientedness" to "result orientedness". At the same time, the innovative competition incentive mechanism is introduced to give rich rewards to employees with outstanding innovative performance. Playfulness climate is a prerequisite for promoting individual playfulness and the emergence of employee radical innovative behavior, because no matter whether it shows the characteristics of personal playfulness, the internal motivation of employees participating in radical innovation largely depends on the playfulness climate of the enterprise. In view of this, some Internet companies or companies with high requirements for product innovation can learn from Google, IBM and other companies, introduce the management concept of "playfulness" into workplace, shape a culture that is open and inclusive and tolerates failure to stimulate employees’ radical innovative behavior.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (7): 142-149 [Abstract] ( 349 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1323KB] ( 281 )
Review
150 Review and Prospect of Patent Data Application in Innovation Management Research
Sun Xiaoming,Ma Yu,Wang Yalan,Feng Tao,Guo Xin
At present, although scholars have accumulated some research results around patent data, especially in the field of innovation management, they do not make full use of the existing data resources. There are isolated islands of information among the data so that the application steps, validity of patent data, and platform resources of existing patent data supply and analysis have not been systematically summarized. This is an assignable obstacle for patent-related research. If some problems are not handled properly, it will even affect the research conclusion and its application value . Therefore, it is of great significance to broaden the application vision of researchers' scientific research data to improve the research level of innovation management.#br#This paper aims to help researchers utilize the published patent data to promote the development of innovation management research. Focusing on the application of patent data in innovation management research, the following work is carried out in this paper. First, the value and information of patent data are elaborated, and the acquisition platform of patent data in existing innovation management research is sorted out to help researchers to better apply patent data and fully explore the value of patent number. Secondly, this study summarizes existing patent data processing methods and measures to improve validity in this field, including industry selection, time span and cleaning of patent data samples. In particular, in view of the problem of patent data cleaning, this paper summarizes the existing processing methods from the aspects of inventor name elimination, organization, mobile developer, classification number version, legal status, data missing, data duplication and low-quality patent identification.#br#Due to the continuous progress in the research of social networks and complex networks, the attention to networks in management research has also been strengthened. The research of innovation networks represented by cooperative networks, knowledge networks and citation networks has become a prominent learning in the field. In the competitive environment, the establishment of different collaborative relations by innovators can realize complementary advantages and knowledge sharing. Therefore, the attention of management research on network is constantly strengthened. This paper summarizes the research on innovation network represented by collaboration network, knowledge network and citation network, and summarizes the main research dimensions and results of innovation network in the current stage. On this basis, this paper focuses on measuring the influence, importance and relationship of nodes in collaboration network, knowledge network and citation network, and summarizes the main collaboration network analysis index in extant studies. In addition, it summarizes the main innovation measurement index of patent data from aspects of R&D capability evaluation and technology value evaluation. From the perspective of measuring patent performance, this paper then summarizes the index of patent citation, the strength and depth of patent family, and exhibition the extant main patent data index analysis platform with the aim to provide valuable research index reference for innovation management researchers.#br#According to the related analysis in innovation management, this paper puts forward research suggestions about the usage of patent data on network analysis, innovation index exploration and case studies. Firstly, the patent-based social network analysis provides a better empirical condition for revealing the collaboration mechanism in innovation , the researchers could study a variety of network changes, network integration process, knowledge flow, and other issues. Furthermore, they can reveal the coupling mechanism between knowledge network and collaboration network and its impact on innovation performance from the perspective of network diversification. From the perspective of innovation index mining and intangible asset evaluation of patent data, this paper presents the important research significance of scientific evaluation index and evaluation index system of patent value to realize technology and achievement transformation, as well as suggestions for the application of patent data in case studies.#br#Patent data increasingly shows its huge information carrying capacity and value mining advantages. The development of computer technology and Internet has brought advanced technical tools and methods for patent data analysis and application. As a result, the research on innovation management based on patent data provides scholars with unprecedented new ideas and broad vision.#br#
2022 Vol. 39 (7): 150-160 [Abstract] ( 439 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1277KB] ( 491 )
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