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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY

	2021 Vol.38 Issue.18 Published 2021-09-25

	Innovation in Science and Technology Management Regional Scientific Development Industrial Technological Progress Enterprise Innovation Management Review Sci-tech Talent Cultivation

Innovation in Science and Technology Management

	1	The Centennial Evolution of The CPC's Thought of Self-reliance and Self-Improvement in Science and Technology
		Fan Furong,Qin Shusheng
		The CPC's thought of self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology has gone through five stages: the basic budding period, the initial exploration period, the initial formation period, the deep development period and the mature and perfect period. From the founding of the Communist Party of China to the founding of new China, the Chinese Communists formed the initial understanding about importance of science and technology. From the founding of new China to reform and openness, the Communist Party of China adheres to the scientific and technological development policy of “relying mainly on self-reliance and marching towards science”. From reform and openness to early 1990s, the Communist Party of China proposed to develop high-tech independently, and to approach world high level of science and technology development. From the early 1990s to the eve of the 18th CPC National Congress, the Communist Party of China put forward improving the ability of independent innovation and enhancing the national core competitiveness. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Communist Party of China regards self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology as the strategic support of national development, and take the road of independent innovation unswervingly. The CPC's thought of science and technology self-reliance and self-improvement has been deepened for a century. Facing profound shifts unseen in a century, the thought of self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology has defined the development direction of science and technology, provided theoretical guidance for vigorously promoting scientific and technological innovation and building an innovative country, and provided action guidance for building China into a world scientific and technological powerful nation.
		2021 Vol. 38 (18): 1-7 [Abstract] ( 560 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1202KB] ( 784 )

	8	Research on Factor Identification, Configuration and Breakthrough Path of High Incubation Performance of Science and Technology Business Incubators:Multi-Factor Configuration Analysis Based on fsQCA
		Zhao Fuqiang,Hu Siyuan,Liu Qin,Chen Yun,Hu Wei
		The sudden outbreak of COVID-19, frequent trade sanctions and anti-globalization have made the external environment increasingly unstable, which makes the survival and development of technology business incubators worse. How to transform, upgrade and breakthrough in the post-epidemic era has become an urgent problem to be solved by academics and industry. Based on this, this study aims to identify the key factors, explore the configuration of high incubation performance of technology business incubators through data mining and QCA analysis, and put forward the path choice for the breakthrough development of science and technology business incubators in the post-epidemic era. It is found the follows. Firstly, the incubation performance of technology business incubators is influenced by external factors such as policy inclination, technology innovation and business incubator scale, and internal factors such as capital, talent, technical and relationship service. Secondly, there are four configurations of the influencing factors of high incubation performance of science and technology enterprises, that is, resource-driven, industry-driven, technological innovation-driven and all-round driven. Finally, in the post-epidemic era of technology business incubators in different internal and external situations, it can be transformed and upgraded into resource-driven, technology-driven, industry-driven, or all-round driven incubator.
		2021 Vol. 38 (18): 8-17 [Abstract] ( 441 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1735KB] ( 363 )

	18	The Impact of Mixed-Ownership Reform on R&D Investment: A Mediation Model Moderated By Government Transparency
		Wu Zuguang,Meng Xianglong
		Mixed-ownership reform enterprises will not only bring resource advantages through equity diversification, This paper takes the state-owned mixed ownership reform pilot enterprises listed in the A-share market from 2014 to 2018 as the sample, and establishes a moderating mediate model based on R&D investment. The results show that:①The equity diversification brought about by the mixed reform is conducive to improving R&D investment;②Equity diversification is conducive to prolonging the debt maturity of enterprises and it promotes enterprise R&D investment; ③Government transparency strengthen the positive impact of equity diversification on debt maturity and it is conducive to increase R&D investment. The resource effect of equity diversification improves the matching degree of financing and R&D investment, and the more transparent the government is, the more obvious the term matching is. This paper reveals that there is a complementary effect between mixed ownership reform and government transparency in influencing R&D investment. The mixed ownership reform through equity diversification can promote enterprise innovation, but we should pay more attention to the mixed reform of state-owned enterprises in areas with low government transparency.
		2021 Vol. 38 (18): 18-26 [Abstract] ( 316 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1290KB] ( 285 )

	27	Research on the Mechanism of Maker Clustering in Maker Space based on Configuration Perspective
		Cui Xiangmin,Du Yunzhou,Zhao Dumin,Chai Chenxing
		Taking 383 maker spaces in Jiangsu Province as samples, using configuration thinking and QCA method to integrate the six conditions of resource and service, this paper discusses the multiple concurrent and complex mechanism of maker clustering differences in maker spaces. The results show that: ①there are three configurations of maker high agglomeration in maker space: service oriented, field resource maker education oriented and all factor oriented, among which service oriented and field resource maker education oriented can more deeply and powerfully influence maker agglomeration in maker space; ② non high agglomeration in maker space there are three kinds of configurations: simple real estate type, simple offline investment promotion and simple online investment promotion, which have almost the same impact on the non high concentration of maker in maker space; insufficient financial resources, insufficient space and insufficient staff have an alternative role in explaining the non high concentration of maker.
		2021 Vol. 38 (18): 27-36 [Abstract] ( 353 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1346KB] ( 333 )

Regional Scientific Development

	37	Spatial-temporal Distribution and Impact Factors of Venture Capital in the Areas along the Belt and Road in China
		Qiao Qin,Fan Jie,Sun Yong,Liu Baoyin,Liu Hanchu
		Discussing the spatial-temporal distribution and impact factors of venture capital in the perspective of the “Belt and Road” initiative (BRI) will help support the development of innovative and entrepreneurial enterprises and improve the level of regional technological innovation. Based on spatial analysis methods and spatial econometric models, this paper empirically analyzed the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of venture capital in key urban areas along the BRI in China from 2003 to 2018. The results show that: (1) The venture capital industry in the areas along the BRI developed rapidly from 2003 to 2018. In 2018, the overall pattern of "high coastal areas and low western areas" appeared. (2) The autocorrelation coefficients of venture capital are all positive and show obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics. (3) The number of venture capital institutions, the number of national high-tech zones, the exit of venture capital, the development of government guidance funds, and fiscal science expenditures have a significant role in promoting regional venture capital. Environmental pollution has a certain inhibitory effect on venture capital. As ESG investment concepts receive more attention, areas along the BRI can boost the development of venture capital by improving the level of green development.
		2021 Vol. 38 (18): 37-45 [Abstract] ( 355 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4094KB] ( 408 )

	46	Internetization, Intellectual Property Protection and Regional Innovation Output
		Li Xue,Wu Fuxiang,Zhu Lile,Yang Song
		Based on the panel data of 30 provinces and cities in my country from 2003 to 2018, this paper empirically tested the influence of internetization and intellectual property protection on regional innovation output. Research shows that China’s current intellectual property protection can promote regional innovation output. It is on the left side of the inverted U-shaped curve of the “optimal intellectual property theory” as a whole, and it can also indirectly promotes regional innovation by promoting the development of regional R&D personnel and R&D funds investment. Internetization also has a significant effect on regional innovation output, and the increase in the level of internetization can enhance the role of intellectual property protection in promoting regional innovation output; intellectual property protection and internetization have a significant impact on regional innovation output. The impact of export has obvious regional heterogeneity. The innovation promotion effect of intellectual property protection is more prominent in the central and western regions, and the positive coordination effect of intellectual property protection and internetization is also more prominent in the central and western regions. In this regard, in order to achieve the coordinated development of regional innovation, differentiated and appropriate intellectual property protection policies should be implemented.
		2021 Vol. 38 (18): 46-55 [Abstract] ( 532 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1294KB] ( 368 )

	56	Research on Configuration Effect of Influencing Factors in Regional Technology Transfer：From the Dual Perspective of Export and Absorption
		Sun Liwen,Wu Linfei,Qi Peixiao
		The coordinated development of regional technology transfer is an important driving force for the high-quality development of technological innovation, but the development of regional technology transfer in China is seriously unbalanced. With qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) method, analyzes the configuration effect of the influencing factors of regional technology transfer in China, and finally obtains thirteen antecedent conditional configurations. By combination of configurations, the configuration effects can be divided into five types: ability-intermediary driven model, environment-intermediary driven model, economic driven model, ability-intermediary missing model and economic-ability-environment missing model. The results show that the higher degree of marketization or industrial agglomeration under the ability-intermediary driven model will improve the efficiency of export and absorption. Moreover, having a higher level of economic development and industrial agglomeration under the environment-intermediary driven model will promote the unilateral development of technology export. Furthermore, the higher degree of marketization under the economic driven model will promote the unilateral development of technology absorption. The results of research provide an effective reference for the coordinated development of technology transfer.
		2021 Vol. 38 (18): 56-63 [Abstract] ( 742 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1385KB] ( 293 )

Industrial Technological Progress

	64	Research and Analysis on Industrial Agglomeration, Industrial Diversification and Urban Economic Resilience
		Chen Yiwei,Wu Weiku
		The financial crisis of the United States in 2008 has caused a huge impact on the economic development of many countries in the world. Many coastal export-oriented cities in China are facing the problems of insufficient demand for foreign orders, brain drain in the industry and idle factories, which reflects the importance of urban economic resilience. In view of the differences of urban economic resilience in different cities in the face of external shocks, this paper focuses on the relationship between industrial agglomeration, industrial diversification and urban economic resilience, and divides industrial diversification into industry related diversification and industry independent diversification. It uses benchmark regression and robustness test to analyze the impact of these two classifications on urban economic resilience Finally, it comes to the conclusion that there is a positive U-shaped relationship between industrial agglomeration and urban economic resilience, a positive U-shaped relationship between industrial related diversification and urban economic resilience, and an inverted U-shaped relationship between industrial unrelated diversification and urban economic resilience. Finally, this paper puts forward policy suggestions from the perspective of breaking down the decentralization barriers between regions.
		2021 Vol. 38 (18): 64-73 [Abstract] ( 700 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1289KB] ( 762 )

	74	The Influence of Core Enterprise Leadership Style on Cluster Innovation Performance:an Extended Study of Federer's Model at Cluster Level
		Li Yu,Hao Shangqi,Bu Huidi
		As the leader in the industrial cluster, core enterprises play a key role in the innovation of the cluster, but how the leadership style of core enterprises promotes the continuous innovation of the whole cluster has not been studied in depth. Based on the core of The Fiedler model, this paper reveals the influence of the matching of transactional leadership, transformational leadership and leadership situation on cluster innovation performance. The conclusions are that there is a positive relationship between core enterprise leadership style and cluster innovation performance. Inter-organizational trust, and knowledge power has a positive regulating effect on the relationship between transactional leadership, transformational leadership and cluster innovation performance in core enterprises, product modularization has a negative regulating effect on the relationship between transactional leadership, and cluster innovation performance in core enterprises, a positive regulating effect on the relationship between transformational leadership and cluster innovation performance. Under favorable and moderate circumstances, transformational leadership of core enterprises is more beneficial to cluster innovation performance than transactional leadership; under unfavorable circumstances, transactional leadership of core enterprises is more beneficial to cluster innovation performance than transformational leadership.
		2021 Vol. 38 (18): 74-83 [Abstract] ( 399 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1415KB] ( 429 )

	84	Construction of Measurement System for Artificial Intelligence Core Technology Innovation Capability：From the Perspective of Innovation Ecosystem
		Yuan Ye,Wang Shuyue,Tao Yuxiang
		Breaking through key core technologies is an important issue that China faces in building a strong country in science and technology during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. Artificial intelligence as a core strength of technological change, scientific evaluation of its technical innovation ability, has great significance for Chinese scientific and technological competitiveness. Based on the perspective of the innovation ecosystem, this paper measures the innovation capability of Chinese key core technologies of artificial intelligence from the three dimensions of innovation subject, innovation environment and system benefits. The study found that Chinese key core technology innovation capabilities for artificial intelligence have been increasing year by year, with the number of innovative entities, corporate R&D funds, and algorithm foundation becoming the main influencing factors. Among them, the number of innovation subjects has a higher impact on key core technology innovation capabilities than resource input. At the same time, basic research plays a pivotal role in the process of core technology innovation. Finally, algorithms, data, and computing power are the three significant influencing factors that enhance the key core technologies of artificial intelligence, and these are closely related to the technology life cycle. China should adhere to the innovation orientation, cultivate diversified innovation subjects, continue to encourage algorithmic research, accelerate the construction of open platforms and the formulation of technical standards, coordinate the relationship between technological development and governance, and achieve breakthroughs in key core technologies.
		2021 Vol. 38 (18): 84-93 [Abstract] ( 585 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3054KB] ( 923 )

Enterprise Innovation Management

	94	Open Technology Dual, Interactive Absorptive Capacity and Enterprise Internationalization Entry Mode Selection
		Zhang Ying,Zhang Qianxiao
		The study selects 269 listed companies in the four industries with high R&D activity in China from 2008 to 2019 as samples, and uses the hierarchical regression model and the Logit model to analyze the dual capabilities of Chinese companies' open technology and the interactive absorption adjustment effects of different technology combinations. The relationship between performance and performance,from the perspective of dual absorption, the selection of the internationalization entry mode of enterprises is found: the open technology dual of Chinese enterprises has significant development and inward-looking characteristics, and it is difficult for enterprises to absorb the ability of multinational dual Caused the dual pressure of organizational openness, and produced a restraining effect on the multinational diversified operation and long-term performance of enterprises. Relative to technical risk, institutional risk and diversification risk, dual absorption risk became the performance improvement and internationalization of Chinese enterprises Priority is given to the choice of interactive relationships. Therefore, companies in emerging industries in China currently choose cross-border mergers and acquisitions under high transnational exploratory absorptive capacity, while manufacturing companies still tend to choose cross-border mergers and acquisitions under the effect of home country dual and transnational dual absorptive capacity. Choose a greenfield investment model. The practice of choosing a path for Chinese companies' internationalization shows that comparative competitive advantages can effectively make up for the lack of transnational dual absorptive capacity of late-developing countries' companies, and diversify the choice of corporate internationalization models, reflecting the openness The dual absorptive capacity is a sufficient but not necessary condition for the choice of the internationalization entry mode of enterprises in late-developing countries.
		2021 Vol. 38 (18): 94-103 [Abstract] ( 322 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1395KB] ( 357 )

	104	Spatial Econometric Analysis of the Peer Effects among Chinese Companies' R&D Strategies
		Zhu Yanli,Lu Xueyan,Lin Zhifan
		Considering the influence of strategic interaction on firms' R&D strategies, this paper innovatively employs spatial panel econometric models to investigate peer effects among Chinese companies. Based on the data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2019, three spatial weight matrices of region, industrial and financial characteristics were constructed. Our conclusions include: R&D investment of Chinese listed companies has obvious inertia; companies' R&D decisions are mainly influenced by those of peer companies in the same industry (endogenous peer effect) and their characteristic variables (exogenous peer effect), and the peer companies with the same region and similar financial characteristics only have an impact through their characteristic variables (exogenous peer effect); although R&D investment sacrifices companies' short-term profits, its impact on stock market valuation is significantly positive, indicating that investors in China's capital market have acquired a certain sense of value investment. However, R&D investments of peer companies have a negative impact on the earnings and stock market valuation, indicating that R&D interaction among Chinese companies is mainly reflected in competition rather than synergies; after the implementation of the innovationdriven development strategy, the intensity of companies' average R&D investment has increased significantly. At the same time, the intensity of the three kinds of peer effects has also shown a significant increasing trend. This paper expands the research on R&D behavior of Chinese companies from an isolated perspective to a global perspective, which is helpful to provide inspiration for managers to provide inspiration on stimulating R&D innovation and enhancing enterprise value.
		2021 Vol. 38 (18): 104-113 [Abstract] ( 500 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1321KB] ( 362 )

	114	How to Make Supplier Involvement in Green Product Innovation More Effectively：the Role of the Adaptation of Involvement Modes and Governance Forms
		Li Bo,Xu Hui,He Zheng
		As a value co-creation activity among supply chain,supplier involvement is of great significance to the green product innovation of manufacturing enterprises.Based on the transaction costs theory and social exchange theory,this research analyses the effects of the fit between supplier involvement mode and supplier governance form(SIM-SGF fit) on supplier involvement effectiveness,and further explores the transformation mechanisms between SIM-SGF fit and supplier involvement effectiveness by supplier relationship-specific investments.The empirical study from 246 manufacturing firms shows that outsourcing supplier involvement with formal control,collaborative supplier involvement with social control,and inquiring supplier involvement with orthogonality ambidextrous control are conducive to improve supplier involvement effectiveness.Supplier relationship-specific investments play differently mediating roles in the main effects of SIM-SGF fit on supplier involvement effectiveness.
		2021 Vol. 38 (18): 114-123 [Abstract] ( 272 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1515KB] ( 413 )

	124	The Moderating Model of Entrepreneurs’ Science and Technology Innovation Leadership on the Relationship between Government Support and Performance of Private Science and Technology Enterprises
		Niu Ping,Chen Xiaoping
		Science and technology innovation enterprises are an important driving force for economic and social development. Previous studies have found that government support does have a significant impact on the performance of sci-tech innovation companies, but the result about the specific impact direction and mechanism has not yet reached consensus. The study adopts research methods such as literature review and questionnaire survey to collect 437 samples of sci-tech innovation enterprises, and empirically studies the moderation effect model of the relationship between government support and the performance of sci-tech innovation enterprises. The study found that government support significantly positively affects the performance of science and innovation enterprises; compared with the current literature, this study also found that the science and innovation leadership of science and innovation entrepreneurs has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between government support and the performance of science and innovation enterprises, indicating that the stronger the leadership of science and technology innovation, the stronger the positive impact of government support on the performance of science and technology innovation enterprises.
		2021 Vol. 38 (18): 124-130 [Abstract] ( 311 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1249KB] ( 423 )

Sci-tech Talent Cultivation

	131	Research on the Leadership Mechanism to Ignite the Creativity of Star Employees in Science and Technology Enterprises：Based on the Perspective of Spirit and Energy
		Cui Zunkang,Yang Zheng,Liu Pingqing,Xu Shuang,Liu Dongxu
		Focusing on the "key minority"—star employees in science and technology enterprises, this paper constructs a moderated mediation model based on the theory of creativity components and relational energy, and explores the new path and mechanism of lighting star employees' creativity from the perspective of spiritual guidance and energy activation. Based on the multi-source and paired questionnaire data of 422 employees from 83 teams in science and technology enterprises in Beijing, Shenzhen, Xi'an, Harbin and other different regions, the empirical results show that: Leadership spiritual behaviors has a significant positive impact on the creativity of star employees, in which employee thriving at work plays a mediating role; Relational energy has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between leadership spiritual behaviors and star employee's creativity; Relational energy positively moderates the mediating effect of employee thriving at work between leadership spiritual behaviors and employee's creativity; the stronger the relational energy is, the stronger the mediating effect is. The findings provide new inspiration for the leadership practice of talent management in science and technology enterprises.
		2021 Vol. 38 (18): 131-139 [Abstract] ( 284 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1310KB] ( 398 )

	140	A Study on the Structural Relationship of Emotional Intelligence in the Context of Innovation Failure
		Lu Yanqiu,Zhao Bin,Wang Xiangyang
		Based on affective events theory，this paper attempts to clarify the intrinsic structural relationship emotional intelligence in the context of innovation failure，by using the data from 298 employees as our formal survey samples.Through empirical analysis，the results show that:①There is a sequence of functions between the four dimensions of emotional intelligence.②Self emotional appraisal and others' emotional appraisal has a positive effect on regulation of emotion and learning from failure severally.③Regulation of emotion plays a mediating role in the relationship between two emotional appraisals and learning from failure.④Compared with self emotional appraisal，the effect of others’ emotional appraisal on learning from failure gets better result.This study expands the structure of emotional intelligence in the context of innovation failure，clarifies the internal relations among the four dimensions of emotional intelligence，which breaks the previous scholars’ fixed cognition of emotional intelligence as a construct，and the results also provide reference for the emotional management practice of employees in China after innovation failure events.
		2021 Vol. 38 (18): 140-146 [Abstract] ( 365 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1265KB] ( 212 )

	147	The Influence of Idea Implementation on Creativity based on the Social Information Processing Theory：the Moderating Effect of Channel Utility Perception
		Dong Niannian,Wang Xueli
		Based on social information processing theory, this paper discusses the effect, mechanism and boundary condition of idea implementation on subsequent creativity. To test the hypotheses in the proposed model, it obtains 270 valid samples. The results show that: idea implementation positively predicts subsequent creativity; psychological safety mediates the relationship between idea implementation and subsequent creativity; channel utility perception positively moderates the relationship between idea implementation and psychological safety; the positive effect of idea implementation on subsequent creativity via psychological safety is significant for individuals with high levels of channel utility perception.
		2021 Vol. 38 (18): 147-153 [Abstract] ( 256 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1376KB] ( 335 )

Review

	154	A Review on the Evaluation of Smart Specialization Development of ICT Industry
		Hu Jinxiu,Zhong Shuhua,Liu Ting
		Since OECD put forward the smart specialization strategy, more countries and regions have given priority to the development of ICT industry, and foreign scholars have attached great importance to the evaluation of the smart specialization of ICT industry. Foreign scholars put forward the theories of the smart specialization evaluation of ICT industry, such as the embedding of entrepreneurial process of discovery, the evolution and extension of the triple helix, the technological upgrading of global value chain and the competitive advantage of industrial clusters. The evaluation indexes of smart growth, sustainable growth and inclusive growth are described. The qualitative method based on case analysis and quantitative method based on model construction are summarized to evaluate the intellectualization of ICT industry. This paper discusses the effectiveness on three aspects: intellectual specialization of ICT industry and urban cultural construction, industrial partnership and development problem identification. The development of ICT industry from the perspective of smart specialization is systematically classified.
		2021 Vol. 38 (18): 154-160 [Abstract] ( 233 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1226KB] ( 338 )

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