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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY

	2021 Vol.38 Issue.8 Published 2021-04-25

	Innovation in Science and Technology Management Regional Scientific Development Industrial Technological Progress Enterprise Innovation Management Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology Evaluation and Foresight Sci-tech Talent Cultivation

Innovation in Science and Technology Management

	1	The Management and Collaboration Mode of China’s Basic Research: a Multi-scale Comparison between Projects
		Dong Jinyang,Liu Tiezhong,Dong Ping,Lu Yunmeng
		According to the current policies for the development of basic research, two management patterns including free exploration and demand-oriented are proposed. We build scientific collaboration networks, based on the published data of the NSFC and 973 Program in the CNKI database. Four scientific collaboration modes are concluded for basic research from three scales. A comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages are made under the two management patterns. We find that the demand-oriented management mode leads to more balanced and linear types of scientific collaboration, while the free exploration management mode leads to more one-node, linear, and central type of scientific collaboration. Two management modes need to boost the breadth and depth of scientific collaboration, demand-oriented management mode can make up shortages but lacks the ability to cope with future uncertainty, free exploration management mode can deal with the uncertainty but is unable to quickly make up shortages, respectively as short - and long-term solutions used in combination to solve the current problems in basic research.
		2021 Vol. 38 (8): 1-8 [Abstract] ( 655 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2482KB] ( 766 )

	9	Technological Innovation Network Fragmentation Fault, Knowledge Power and Innovation Exclusivity
		Kang Xin,Liu Meixin
		Innovation exclusivity characterizes the extent to which the innovation cooperation group uses and shares its own knowledge and technological innovation results,determines the extent to which the innovation cooperation group can benefit from the innovation results. Since innovation exclusivity has the obvious characteristics of external exclusivity and internal complementarity, it is necessary to examine the influence mechanism of the relationship between innovation subgroups on innovation exclusivity from the perspective of technological innovation networks. Taking the high-tech enterprise groups participating in cooperative research and development as the research object, construct a conceptual model of the influence path of technological innovation network fragmentation faults on innovation exclusivity. The results show that the technological innovation network fragmentation faults have a positive impact on innovation exclusivity, knowledge power plays an intermediary role between technological innovation network fragmentation faults and innovation exclusivity and the impacts of technological innovation network fragmentation faults on innovation exclusivity are negatively regulated by the knowledge potential difference.
		2021 Vol. 38 (8): 9-15 [Abstract] ( 511 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1215KB] ( 411 )

	16	Impacts of Incubation Network Structure and Risk Propagation on the Ultimate Health of Incubation Network
		Wu Tian ,Hu Haiqing
		The spread of risks in the incubation network affects the overall health of the incubation network and will lead to high failure rates and low growth rates of incubating enterprises.For the sake of achieving an effective network governance,the actual networks formed by two national incubators were used as examples,and SIR models of the Complex Theory and the simulation methods were proposed to simulate the propagation mechanism against risks in different network structure under specific circumstances,and those simulated data were subjected to a regression analysis.Studies show that there is a significant correlation between the incubation network structure,risk propagation,and ultimate health of network; under a lower initial health distribution,the scale free network has a faster recovery speed; different network structures and visualization levels can help improve the ability of incubation networks to mitigate risks.
		2021 Vol. 38 (8): 16-25 [Abstract] ( 320 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3243KB] ( 506 )

	26	Platform Firm-led Innovation Ecosystem Stability Research: based on a Network Relations Perspective between Firms
		Wang Faming,Zhang Zan
		Platform firm-led innovation ecosystem as a special type of ecosystem, it is a network organization consisting of platform leading enterprises providing the basic innovation architecture, other related firms and affiliated institutions, inter-firm networking is the essential characteristic of innovation ecosystem. Based on the network relationship among enterprises, this paper discusses the influence of network structure variables on the stability of innovation ecosystem led by platform enterprises to analyze the membership, linkages, structure and functional characteristics of the innovation ecosystem network led by platform enterprises, and tests the proposed hypothesis by means of a questionnaire using 30 platform enterprise led innovation ecosystems in Shandong Province as the research sample. The results of data correlation and regression analysis indicate that four factors, namely, strong innovation ecosystem dominant firm, density of partner firms within the system, firm localization, and firm heterogeneity, have significant positive effects on innovation ecosystem stability; the relationship between partner firm reciprocity and intercourse within the system and innovation ecosystem stability is not significant. Based on the findings of the study, policy recommendations are made to maintain the stability of the network of innovation ecosystems dominated by platform enterprises.
		2021 Vol. 38 (8): 26-33 [Abstract] ( 456 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1389KB] ( 492 )

Regional Scientific Development

	34	Does Urban Sprawl Really Makes Against Spatial Agglomeration of Urban Innovation
		Yang Xiaoxin,Zhang Han
		Using the panel data of prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2017, respectively from respective three mechanism of innovation efficiency, knowledge spillover and employment matching, this article analyzes mechanism effects of urban sprawl on urban innovation agglomeration, finding that: ① Urban sprawl widely makes negative global treatment effects on innovation agglomeration, which can be mediated by mechanism of knowledge spillover, innovation efficiency or employment matching, to generate positive effects. ②If urban sprawl lows employment density, infrastructure input or wage level, urban sprawl will does more harm to urban innovation agglomeration. ③Urban sprawl of the eastern region or large-scale city could plays relatively positive global treatment effects on urban innovation agglomeration more easily through mediating by above three mechanism than others.
		2021 Vol. 38 (8): 34-40 [Abstract] ( 429 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1226KB] ( 369 )

	41	Economic Environment, Environmental Regulation Types and Energy Saving and Emission-reduction Technologies Innovation:A Empirical Analysis Based on Different Research Subjects in the Provinces
		Zhang Yi,Yan Xing
		By utilizing fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), performances of energy saving and emission reduction (ESER) technology innovation of 30 provinces (except Tibet Autonomous Region) from 2011 to 2018 in China are evaluated by taking economic agglomeration, regional opening, constitution of research subjects, command-oriented and market-oriented regulations as antecedent conditions. The results showed that the regional innovation performance of ESER technology is determined by combinations of antecedent factors and the path leading to a high performance is not unique. Economic agglomeration and regional opening are important conditions for generating a high performance. The regional innovation performance of ESER technology is closely related to constitution of research subjects: in a province, where public research institutions play a dominant role, the effect of command-oriented regulation is significant; in a province, where enterprises play a leading role in research subjects, the effects of the command-oriented regulation depend on the prevailing economic environment. However, the market-oriented regulation is not conducive to innovation performance on the whole. The research results contribute to enriching related theories on innovation arising from ESER technology in a region and provide a basis for policy-making under different economic environments.
		2021 Vol. 38 (8): 41-49 [Abstract] ( 542 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1509KB] ( 395 )

Industrial Technological Progress

	50	Venture Capital, Institutional Context and the Industrial Upgrading：Empirical Research Based on Chinese Provincial Panel Data
		Pang Mingchuan,Zhang Chong,Jiao Weiwei
		After China's economy has entered a new normal, venture capital will play a critical role in the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure in the innovation-driven strategy-oriented economic environment. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China, this paper systematically explores the impact of venture capital on the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure. Simultaneously, this paper introduces the degree of openness and social trust as institutional context variables to explore its impact on the relationship between venture capital and the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure. It is showed that venture capital can promote the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure by financing emerging industries and forming industrial diffusion effect. The optimization of institutional context can effectively alleviate the information asymmetry in venture capital and further promote the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure while improving the innovation willingness and innovation factor matching efficiency. Given the objective situation of China such as the short time of our country venture capital development and the immature market mechanism, the government should make efforts to enhance the impact of venture capital on the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure. First of all, the government should strengthen supervision while encouraging the cooperation of venture capital. Second, it is of great importance that to create conditions for the overseas development of domestic venture capital in the process of actively attracting foreign venture capital. Finally, we should strengthen the construction of relevant laws and regulations and market mechanism to make the most advantage of venture capital.
		2021 Vol. 38 (8): 50-59 [Abstract] ( 494 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1246KB] ( 447 )

	60	Research on the Evolution Mechanism of the Key Generic Purpose Technology Cooperation Network：based on the Pharmaceutical Industry
		Ma Yonghong,Yang Xiaomeng,Kong Lingkai
		Constructing an efficient cooperation network is the key to break through the research and development (R&D) problems of the key generic purpose technology.It is of great significance for the development of cooperation network to reveal the evolution mechanism of cooperation network.Based on social network theory and random statistics theory, this study summarizes the driving factors of the evolution of the technology cooperation network as attribute-driven, homophily-driven and structure-driven.Based on the cooperative patent data of the key generic purpose technology in the pharmaceutical industry, the technology cooperation network is constructed to analyze the evolution characteristics of the network, and the driving mechanism of the network evolution is explored by using the ERGM.The results show that with the evolution of the network, only a few R&D entities carry out extensive and frequent cooperation.The R&D capability and structural hole attributes of R&D entities have no obvious effect on the evolution of the technology cooperation network, but the degree centrality has a significant effect on the network evolution.The network evolution has obvious geographical and organizational homogeneity effects.The network tends to form star structure and closed triangle structure rather than open triangle structure.
		2021 Vol. 38 (8): 60-69 [Abstract] ( 282 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2808KB] ( 864 )

Enterprise Innovation Management

	70	Research on the Process Mechanism of Exploratory Entrepreneurship of State-owned Enterprises from the Perspective of Middle Managers
		Li Guihua,Zhao Shan
		Based on the perspective of middle-level managers, this study draws on the theory of the basic view of attention and applies the grounded theory research method to analyze and build the process mechanism model of exploratory internal entrepreneurship in state-owned enterprises.The model dynamically expounds the three strategic stages of exploratory entrepreneurship of state-owned enterprises under the promotion of middle managers:the motivation formation stage, the system screening stage and the embedded sales stage.Firstly, with fade away of "policy dividend" and the orientation of middle managers towards individual entrepreneurship led to exploratory changes in state-owned enterprises.Secondly, the middle-level managers conduct institutional screening of exploratory entrepreneurial opportunities according to the attention allocation mechanism.Finally, through the four levels of institution, self, peer, and top manager, the attention of state-owned enterprises can be focused and exploratory entrepreneurship can be realized.The results not only enrich the research on internal entrepreneurship, but also provides inspiration for how to stimulate the management practice of middle managers in internal entrepreneurship.
		2021 Vol. 38 (8): 70-78 [Abstract] ( 314 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1473KB] ( 384 )

	79	The Mechanism of Negative Performance Feedback on the Dynamic Capability of New Ventures
		Cheng Songsong,Zhao Fang
		Drawing on organizational behavior theory and ambidextrous learning view,this study investigates the antecedent variable of dynamic capability,the mediating effect of exploratory and exploitative learning in the relationship between negative performance feedback and dynamic capability of new venture.We conducted survey of 429 new ventures’ data to test our hypotheses.Using multi-level structural equation model and Bootstrap method,this study's results supported the positively relationship between negative performance feedback and dynamic capability.Negative performance feedback positively influences the exploratory learning and utilization learning of new ventures,and the partial mediating effects of both exploratory and exploitative learning in accounting for the relationship between negative performance feedback and dynamic capability.
		2021 Vol. 38 (8): 79-85 [Abstract] ( 432 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1226KB] ( 368 )

	86	Managerial Cognition, Open Innovation and Enterprise Growth
		Li Yunjian,Zhang Zhengang,Li Li,Shen He
		Based on the cognitive appraisal theory, this paper focuses on the effect of managerial cognition on open innovation and enterprise growth.Through the effective questionnaire survey of 173 middle and senior managers, we use the hierarchical regression analysis and structural equation model to analyze the data.The results show that: ①manager’s cognitive appraisal about the ease of use and legitimacy of open innovation all have a positive effect on the enterprise’s choice of open innovation, which eventually lead to the improvement of enterprise growth performance.②In the process to promote the open innovation, cognitive usefulness is substitute to cognitive ease of use on open innovation, cognitive usefulness and cognitive ease of use all have a complementary effect with cognitive legitimacy on open innovation, and there is a three-way interaction effect between cognitive usefulness, ease of use, and legitimacy on open innovation.③Executive duality has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between managers' cognition of legitimacy and enterprises' choice of open innovation.
		2021 Vol. 38 (8): 86-93 [Abstract] ( 454 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1353KB] ( 539 )

	94	Inequality of Social Capital in the Chain Director Network: Analysis Based on the Ascribed and Achieved Factors
		Yang Zhangbo,Zhang Han
		The distribution of social capital among different groups is unequal, but few studies have analyzed the inequality of social capital among elite groups. Based on the network data of chain directors of listed companies in Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2017, we use social network analysis method to analyze the differences in the network centrality indicators of directors with different gender (ascribed factors) and educational backgrounds (achieved factors). The study found that among the listed companies in Shaanxi Province, the number of male directors still dominated, and the proportion of male and female showed a stable trend; male directors and female directors did not have significant differences in network centrality position; the higher the degree of education of directors, the better the performance of their network centrality position. The conclusion of the study confirms that among the director group, there is social capital inequality based on achieved factors, while there is no social capital inequality based on ascribed factors.
		2021 Vol. 38 (8): 94-101 [Abstract] ( 327 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1367KB] ( 298 )

Legal System and Policy of Science and Technology

	102	Does the Gazelle Company Identity Policy Promote the Quality of Innovation?
		Wang Lei,Zhang Jianhu
		The identification of gazelle companies plays an important role in innovation-driven development strategy,which aims at fostering high-tech and high-growth companies for technical progress and economic development.We wonder whether the gazelle company identity policy promote the quality of innovation.Based on this question,we collect the data of companies in NEEQ Market from 2005-2018 and use the method of PSM-DID to analyze how the gazelle company identity policy influence the quality of innovation.The main findings include: ① The gazelle company identity policy promotes the quality of innovation,and this effect is heterogeneous in different areas and different companies；②The gazelle company identity policy plays a role in improving the quality of innovation by labor input; ③The institutional factors moderate little which means the process of marketization and intellectual property right protection should receive more attention.In the end,this paper provides suggestions for government on how to carry out the gazelle company identity policy and improve the quality of innovation.
		2021 Vol. 38 (8): 102-108 [Abstract] ( 425 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1205KB] ( 376 )

	109	Capital Market Liberalization and Corporate Innovation
		Sun Zeyu,Qi Baolei
		Whether capital market reform can effectively promote the development of the real economy is a major challenge facing China's current economic development.Based on the research perspective of corporate innovation, this paper takes “Shanghai-Hong Kong” and “Shenzhen–Hong Kong” stock connect as an exogenous event and uses the multiple time difference-in-differences method (DID) to systematically investigate the specific impact and its internal mechanism of China's capital market opening on corporate innovation.We found that the implementation of “Shanghai–Hong Kong” and “Shenzhen–Hong Kong” stock connect has significantly improved the innovation performance of the target companies, which is reflected in the increase of patent output.Mechanism analysis found that the above relationship was more significant in the samples with higher management shareholding ratio and stronger financing constraints, indicating that “Shanghai–Hong Kong”and “Shenzhen-Hong Kong” stock connect improved innovation performance by increasing the management's willingness to innovate and improving the innovation ability of firms.Further analysis shows that the positive impact of capital market opening on corporate innovation is more significant in the sample with lower information transparency, active stocks on “Shanghai-Hong Kong” and “Shenzhen-Hong Kong” stock connect and poorer legal environment. This paper not only expands the research on the influencing factors of corporate innovation, but also provides empirical evidence from the micro company level for the economic consequences of the implementation of “Shanghai-Hong Kong” and “Shenzhen-Hong Kong” stock connect, and also provides some experience for the subsequent improvement of this system.
		2021 Vol. 38 (8): 109-117 [Abstract] ( 428 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1233KB] ( 388 )

	118	The Realistic Dilemma of Mixed Ownership of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Higher Education and the Path of Improvement
		Gao Yanqiong,Xiao Boda,Cai Zuguo,Xiong Zhanping
		The mixed ownership of post scientific and technological achievements has the characteristics of breaking down the existing system obstacles and ultimate incentives, which determines the significance of its popularization and practice.However, there are still some problems in the implementation of mixed ownership of post-related scientific and technological achievements, such as legal obstacles, ambiguity of its content and inconvenience in operation.Therefore, it is necessary to revise and improve relevant legal norms, further clarify the subject, object and mode of the application of mixed ownership of post-related scientific and technological achievements, further modify and improve legal norms, and strengthen the construction of transforming institutions in Colleges and universities.
		2021 Vol. 38 (8): 118-125 [Abstract] ( 474 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1191KB] ( 320 )

Evaluation and Foresight

	126	Innovation Resource Allocation Structure and Innovation Performance：A Perspective of Ownership
		Zhang Xin,Peng Jisheng,Tu Haiyin
		Ownership, innovation input and innovation performance has always been one of the focus questions. Although integrating the institutional logic and efficiency logic helps reconcile existing contradictory perspectives, input-output models ignore the micro factors that affect innovation performance and do not account for heterogeneity in resource allocation structure. Taking micro-level firm resource factor allocation as the breakthrough point, this paper firstly subdivides firms' resource allocation into three structures: personnel structure, personnel structure of senior and funding structure. From the perspective of ownership, the black box of firm's innovation investment is opened. The results show that compared with private firms, state-owned enterprises tend to allocate more resources. Further analysis shows that: ①Among the three resource allocation structures of State-Owned enterprises, only the funding structure is reasonable, which can significantly improve innovation performance. However, personnel structure is not helpful. ②In contrast, for private enterprises, the allocation of personnel structure is reasonable to make a great contribution. ③ The allocation of personnel structure of senior is unreasonable, and there's no significant difference between two kinds of the enterprises. This founding illustrates that state-owned enterprises are better to play the role of things, while private enterprises are good at using the advantages of human. The results offer a new micro perspective to explain the differences in innovation performance caused by ownership variations.
		2021 Vol. 38 (8): 126-135 [Abstract] ( 423 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1225KB] ( 443 )

	136	Evaluation of the Core Competence of New R&D Institutions: the Perspective of Niche Ecostate-ecorole
		Zhang Guangyu,Liu Su,Liu Yixin,Ma Wencong
		Using the niche ecostate-ecorole theory for reference,the paper illuminates the core competence and connotation of new R&D institutions,on this basis,the paper propose a new core competence evaluation model for R&D institutions based on " ecostate "" ecorole " and "ecostate-to- ecorole interface",then select 177 new R&D institutions in Guangdong Province as an example,use the entropy catastrophe progression method for empirical analysis.Research shows: (1) Increasing the proportion of high-level talents and expanding R & D investment are important to enhance the core competence of new R&D institutions;(2)the overall level of core competence of the research object is medium to upper,but polarization is obvious.At the same time,the overall level of " ecostate-to- ecorole interface " is low,and the high quality development of the mechanism needs to be improved; (3)there is a strong correlation between the geographical location and the core competence level of institutions,and the well-established institutions have a certain radiation effect on the economic development of surrounding regions.Finally,the paper puts forward some classified suggestions to improve their core competence based on the niche level of the new R&D institutions.
		2021 Vol. 38 (8): 136-144 [Abstract] ( 410 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1790KB] ( 534 )

Sci-tech Talent Cultivation

	145	Research on Employee Innovation Behavior from the Perspective of Person-Environment Fit Theory
		Niu Tong,Liu Chunhong
		Innovation is the contemporary theme of the current social development. For enterprises, motivating employees to exhibit excellent innovative behaviors is the key to enhance their own innovation advantages, and promoting the integration of employees and enterprises is the management focus to achieve the above goals.This study based on person-environment fit theory, systematically discussed The influence mechanism of employee innovation behavior, through the questionnaire and data analysis to build the structural equation model of personal leadership matching, personal organizational matching, leadership identity, organizational identity and employee innovation behavior, and test them,the results show that: ① Person-supervisor fit has a positive effect on leader identification, and person-organization fit has a positive effect on organizational identification;②Both leader identification and organizational identification have positive effects on employee innovation behavior;③The above two kinds of identification play a mediating role between person-environment fit and employee innovation behavior.The result effectively extends the framework of "matching" from the original person-environment fit theory to the framework of "matching - transformation", and this framework can be applied to both organizational and individual levels.It makes the person-environment fit more abundant, longitudinal deepening and dynamic.It is expected that the analysis of this study and the proposed human-environment fit equation model can further deepen the human-environment fit theory and provide useful reference for the practice of enterprise employees' innovative behavior.
		2021 Vol. 38 (8): 145-152 [Abstract] ( 343 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1352KB] ( 535 )

	153	Research on the Impact of HRM Strength on the Innovation Performance of Knowledge Employees in Technology Enterprises
		Ling Miao,Yu Xuan,Zhang Yunzi
		Based on Cybernetics and procedural justice theory, the research conducted an empirical study on the mechanism of HRM strength affecting employee innovation performance. Through the hierarchical regression analysis of sample data of 475 knowledge employees in high-tech companies, it is confirmed that HRM strength has a significant positive impact on employee innovation performance, and employee feedback seeking behavior(FSB) has a mediating effect in the impact of HRM strength on employee innovation performance. The sense of procedural justice has a positive moderating effect on the impact of employee feedback seeking behavior on employee innovation performance, which enriches the research on the mechanism of HRM strength and provides corresponding management enlightenment for the formulation and implementation of innovation oriented human resource management policies.
		2021 Vol. 38 (8): 153-160 [Abstract] ( 582 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1293KB] ( 793 )

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