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Abstract The urban agglomeration has become an important space carrier for the expansion and development of the national economic space, as well as the main form in the process of new urbanization. The spatial structure of urban agglomerations has a dynamic evolution based on the spatial heterogeneity of urban growth. The polycentric development trend of urban agglomeration directly promotes the evolution of the spatial structure of the system, and affects the economic performance. As the typical region with the highest degree of urbanization in China, the Yangtze River Delta megacity region has shown the characteristics of polycentric development, and has a significant impact on the hierarchy evolution of the urban agglomeration system. The centrality index is constructed to measure the centrality of the city in the urban agglomeration system. On the basis of this, the interaction of spatial effects is considered, and the effect of polycentric development on urban economic growth is discussed. The empirical results show that polycentric development significantly promote economic performance of city in Yangtze River Delta megacity region, but also the primacy city and the regional central cities play the heterogeneity and nonlinearity effect because of respective stages of economic development, which lead to the difference of the policy implications.
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