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Abstract The article constructs the analytical framework of empirically testing " Matthew effect" of regional resource allocation from the perspective of "hierarchy" and "level" based on the Markov chain model and the Gini coefficient between two camps method respectively, and explain it from the perspective of space, and take R&D resources in China as an example to study. The result shows:(1)The regional R&D resource allocation present an obvious "grade Matthew effect" phenomenon, and there is also "level Matthew effect" in the allocation of R&D personnel; (2)the characteristics of spatial agglomeration of high and low level camps is more and more obvious ,and the members in the high level camp are mainly located in coastal areas while the members in the low level camp are mainly in the western region. This spatial pattern is not conducive to the exploitation of adjacent spillover effects between high and low level camps, on the contrary, the agglomeration effect in the high level camps will exacerbate the gap between the two camps, which explains the "Matthew effect" of the current R&D resource allocation to a certain extent.
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