Abstract This paper draws on a combination of Neoclassical 'market failures', 'system failures' of Innovation Theory and 'transition failures' of Sustainability Transition Research. Based on the empirical cases studies in innovation literatures, the eight failures are explained with the typical problems that hampered renewable energy technologies(RETs)implementation in some European countries and China. The analysis suggests that failures could be prevailing caused by deferent resistances, resulting in slow development and diffusion of RETs in complicated ways. It concludes with five implications of the synthesized failures framework to innovation policy interventions on the sustainable transition of energy system.
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