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Abstract The synergistic effect of internal and external social capital is becoming more and more important for the sustainable development of enterprises, combing this effect on the mechanism of firm capacity and put forward three assumptions. An empirical study of 238 samples shows that the synergistic effect of internal and external social capital has a positive effect on the business ability (market ability and technical ability).When a certain kind of social capital is weaker than another social capital, before the two kinds of social capital are not balanced, strengthening the construction of weak social capital is an effective way to play synergies and enhance the business ability of enterprises. The balance between internal and external social capital and business ability show an inverted U-type relationship, when the balance reaches the middle, the enterprise has the highest capacity. And it discusses the relative equilibrium range.
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